SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
(Main)Environmental management - Eco-efficiency assessment of product systems - Principles, requirements and guidelines (ISO 14045:2012)
Environmental management - Eco-efficiency assessment of product systems - Principles, requirements and guidelines (ISO 14045:2012)
This International Standard describes the principles, requirements and guidelines for eco-efficiency assessment for product systems including a) the goal and scope definition of the eco-efficiency assessment; b) the environmental assessment; c) the product system value assessment; d) the quantification of eco-efficiency; e) interpretation (including quality assurance); f) reporting; g) critical review of the eco-efficiency assessment. Requirements, recommendations and guidelines for specific choices of categories of environmental impact and values are not included. The intended application of the eco-efficiency assessment is considered during the goal and scope definition, but the actual use of the results is outside the scope of this International Standard. This International Standard is not intended to be used as a single base for contractual or regulatory purposes or registration and certification.
Umweltmanagement - Ökoeffizienzbewertung von Produktsystemen - Prinzipien, Anforderungen und Leitlinien (ISO 14045:2012)
Diese Internationale Norm beschreibt die Prinzipien, Anforderungen und Leitlinien der Ökoeffizienzbewertung
von Produktsystemen, einschließlich
a) der Festlegung des Ziels und des Untersuchungsrahmens der Ökoeffizienzbewertung;
b) der Umweltbewertung;
c) der Einschätzung des Produktsystemwertes;
d) der Quantifizierung der Ökoeffizienz;
e) der Auswertung (einschließlich der Qualitätssicherung);
f) der Berichterstattung;
g) der kritischen Prüfung der Ökoeffizienzbewertung.
Anforderungen, Empfehlungen und Leitlinien für bestimmte Auswahlmöglichkeiten von Kategorien von
Umweltauswirkungen (Wirkungskategorien) und Werten sind nicht enthalten. Die vorgesehene Anwendung
der Ökoeffizienzbewertung wird bei der Festlegung des Ziels und des Untersuchungsrahmens berücksichtigt,
die tatsächliche Anwendung der Ergebnisse fällt jedoch nicht in den Anwendungsbereich dieser
Internationalen Norm. Diese Internationale Norm ist nicht zur Verwendung als alleinige Grundlage für
vertragliche oder regulative Zwecke oder für Zulassung und Zertifizierung vorgesehen.
Management environnemental - Évaluation d'efficacité écologique des systèmes de produit - Principes, exigences et lignes directrices (ISO 14045:2012)
L'ISO 14045:2012 décrit les principes, les exigences et fournit les lignes directrices pour la réalisation de l'évaluation de l'éco-efficacité des systèmes de produits dont
la définition des objectifs et du domaine d'application de l'évaluation de l'éco-efficacité,
l'évaluation environnementale,
l'évaluation de la valeur du système de produits,
la quantification de l'éco-efficacité,
l'interprétation (y compris l'assurance qualité),
la communication des résultats, et
la revue critique de l'évaluation de l'éco-efficacité.
Les exigences, recommandations et lignes directrices des choix spécifiques de catégories d'impact environnemental et de valeurs environnementales ne sont pas incluses. L'application envisagée pour les résultats de l'évaluation de l'éco-efficacité est prise en considération lors de la définition des objectifs et du domaine d'application. En revanche, l'application des résultats d'une évaluation de l'éco-efficacité en tant que telle se situe en dehors du domaine d'application de l'ISO 14045:2012.
Ravnanje z okoljem - Ocena okoljske učinkovitosti proizvodnih sistemov - Načela, zahteve in smernice (ISO 14045:2012)
Ta mednarodni standard opisuje načela, zahteve in smernice za oceno okoljske učinkovitosti proizvodnih sistemov, vključno z a) opredelitvijo cilja in področja uporabe ocene okoljske učinkovitosti; b) okoljsko oceno; c) oceno vrednosti proizvodnega sistema; d) količinsko opredelitvijo ekološke učinkovitosti; e) interpretacijo (vključno z zagotavljanjem kakovosti); f) poročanjem in g) kritičnim pregledom ocene okoljske učinkovitosti. Zahteve, priporočila in smernice za posebne izbrane kategorije okoljskih vplivov in vrednot niso vključeni. Načrtovana uporaba ocene okoljske učinkovitosti je obravnavana v opredelitvi cilja in področja uporabe, dejanska uporaba in rezultati pa niso zajeti v področje uporabe tega standarda. Ta mednarodni standard ni namenjen, da bi se uporabljal kot edina podlaga za pogodbene ali regulatorne namene ali registracijo in certificiranje.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
01-oktober-2012
5DYQDQMH]RNROMHP2FHQDRNROMVNHXþLQNRYLWRVWLSURL]YRGQLKVLVWHPRY1DþHOD
]DKWHYHLQVPHUQLFH ,62
Environmental management - Eco-efficiency assessment of product systems - Principles,
requirements and guidelines (ISO 14045:2012)
Umweltmanagement - Ökoeffizienzbewertung von Produktsystemen - Prinzipien,
Anforderungen und Leitlinien (ISO 14045:2012)
Management environnemental - Évaluation d'efficacité écologique des systèmes de
produit - Principes, exigences et lignes directrices (ISO 14045:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14045:2012
ICS:
13.020.10 Ravnanje z okoljem Environmental management
SIST EN ISO 14045:2012 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 14045
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2012
ICS 13.020.10; 13.020.60
English Version
Environmental management - Eco-efficiency assessment of
product systems - Principles, requirements and guidelines (ISO
14045:2012)
Management environnemental - Évaluation de l'éco- Umweltmanagement - Ökoeffizienzbewertung von
efficacité des systèmes de produits - Principes, exigences Produktsystemen - Prinzipien, Anforderungen und Leitlinien
et lignes directrices (ISO 14045:2012) (ISO 14045:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 May 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14045:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
EN ISO 14045:2012 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
EN ISO 14045:2012 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 14045:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207 “Environmental
management”.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by November 2012.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14045:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 14045:2012 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14045
First edition
2012-05-15
Corrected version
2012-07-15
Environmental management — Eco-
efficiency assessment of product
systems — Principles, requirements
and guidelines
Management environnemental — Évaluation de l’écoefficacité des
systèmes de produits — Principes, exigences et lignes directrices
Reference number
ISO 14045:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
ISO 14045:2012(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
ISO 14045:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General description of eco-efficiency . 3
4.1 Principles of eco-efficiency . 3
4.2 Phases of an eco-efficiency assessment . 4
4.3 Key features of an eco-efficiency assessment . 5
5 Methodological framework . 5
5.1 General requirements . 5
5.2 Goal and scope definition (including system boundaries, interpretation and limitations) . 5
5.3 Environmental assessment . 7
5.4 Product system value assessment . 8
5.5 Quantification of eco-efficiency . 9
5.6 Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis . 9
5.7 Interpretation . 9
6 Reporting and disclosure of results .10
6.1 General requirements .10
6.2 Further reporting requirements for comparative eco-efficiency assertion intended to be
disclosed to the public .10
7 Critical review . 11
7.1 General . 11
7.2 Critical review by internal or external expert . 11
7.3 Critical review by panel of interested parties .12
Annex A (informative) Examples of functional value, monetary value, other values and
value indicators .13
Annex B (informative) Examples of eco-efficiency assessment.14
Bibliography .38
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
ISO 14045:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14045 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management, Subcommittee
SC 5, Life cycle assessment.
This corrected version of ISO 14045:2012 incorporates the following corrections:
— (page 20) correction of “LCIA” to “LCI” in B.3.2.2, item 5, first bullet, first sentence;
— (page 37) correction of “Another advantage of A and B.” to “Another advantage of A and C.” in B.5.5.2,
first bullet, third sentence.
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
ISO 14045:2012(E)
Introduction
Eco-efficiency assessment is a quantitative management tool which enables the study of life-cycle environmental
impacts of a product system along with its product system value for a stakeholder.
Within eco-efficiency assessment, environmental impacts are evaluated using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as
prescribed by other International Standards (ISO 14040, ISO 14044). Consequently, eco-efficiency assessment
shares with LCA many important principles such as life cycle perspective, comprehensiveness, functional unit
approach, iterative nature, transparency and priority of a scientific approach.
The value of the product system may be chosen to reflect, for example, its resource, production, delivery or use
efficiency, or a combination of these. The value may be expressed in monetary terms or other value aspects.
The key objectives of this International Standard are to:
— establish clear terminology and a common methodological framework for eco-efficiency assessment;
— enable the practical use of eco-efficiency assessment for a wide range of product (including service) systems;
— provide clear guidance on the interpretation of eco-efficiency assessment results;
— encourage the transparent, accurate and informative reporting of eco-efficiency assessment results.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14045:2012(E)
Environmental management — Eco-efficiency assessment of
product systems — Principles, requirements and guidelines
1 Scope
This International Standard describes the principles, requirements and guidelines for eco-efficiency assessment
for product systems, including:
a) the goal and scope definition of the eco-efficiency assessment;
b) the environmental assessment;
c) the product system value assessment;
d) the quantification of eco-efficiency;
e) interpretation (including quality assurance);
f) reporting;
g) critical review of the eco-efficiency assessment.
Requirements, recommendations and guidelines for specific choices of categories of environmental impact and
values are not included. The intended application of the eco-efficiency assessment is considered during the goal
and scope definition phase, but the actual use of the results is outside the scope of this International Standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework
ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines
ISO 14050:2009, Environmental management — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14050 and the following apply.
3.1
product
any goods or service
[SOURCE: ISO 14021:1999, 3.1.11]
3.2
product flow
products (3.1) entering from or leaving to another product system
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.27]
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
ISO 14045:2012(E)
3.3
product system
collection of unit processes with elementary and product flows (3.2), performing one or more defined functions,
and which models the life cycle of a product (3.1)
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.28]
3.4
environmental aspect
element of an organization’s activities or products or services that can interact with the environment
Note 1 to entry: A significant environmental aspect has or can have a significant environmental impact.
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2004, 3.6]
3.5
environmental performance
measurable results related to environmental aspects (3.4)
3.6
eco-efficiency
aspect of sustainability relating the environmental performance (3.5) of a product system (3.3) to its product
system value (3.7)
3.7
product system value
worth or desirability ascribed to a product system (3.3)
Note 1 to entry: The product system value may encompass different value aspects, including functional, monetary,
aesthetic, etc.
3.8
product system value indicator
numerical quantity representing the product system value (3.7)
Note 1 to entry: To express the product system value indicator, various kinds of units such as physical and monetary
units or relative gradings and scoring may be used.
3.9
eco-efficiency indicator
measure relating environmental performance (3.5) of a product system (3.3) to its product system value (3.7)
3.10
eco-efficiency profile
eco-efficiency (3.6) assessment results relating the life cycle impact assessment results to the product system
value (3.7) assessment results
3.11
weighting factor
factor derived from a weighting model, which is applied to convert an assigned life cycle
inventory result, a life cycle impact category indicator result, or a product system value indicator to the common
unit of the weighting indicator
3.12
sensitivity analysis
systematic procedures for estimating the effects of the choices made regarding methods and data on the
outcome of a study
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.31]
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
ISO 14045:2012(E)
3.13
uncertainty analysis
systematic procedure to quantify the uncertainty in the results of a life cycle inventory analysis and/or product
system value assessment due to the cumulative effects of model imprecision, input uncertainty and data variability
Note 1 to entry: Either ranges or probability distributions are used to determine uncertainty in the results.
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.33, modified — “and/or product system value assessment” has been inserted.]
3.14
unit process
smallest element considered in the life cycle inventory analysis or product system value assessment for which
input and output data are quantified
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.34, modified — “or product system value assessment” has been inserted.]
3.15
critical review
process intended to ensure consistency between an eco-efficiency (3.6) assessment and the
principles and requirements of the International Standards on eco-efficiency assessment
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.45, modified — “Life cycle assessment” has been replaced by “eco-efficiency
assessment”.]
3.16
comparative eco-efficiency assertion
claim in eco-efficiency (3.6) regarding the superiority or equivalence of one product (3.1) versus a competitor’s
product that performs the same function
Note 1 to entry: This definition does not interpret, change, or subtract from the requirements of ISO 14044 on
comparative assertions.
4 General description of eco-efficiency
4.1 Principles of eco-efficiency
4.1.1 General
The following principles are fundamental and serve as guidance for decisions relating to both the planning and
the conducting of an eco-efficiency assessment.
4.1.2 Life cycle perspective
An eco-efficiency assessment considers the entire life cycle from raw material extraction and acquisition,
through energy and material production and manufacturing, to use and end-of-life treatment and final disposal.
Through such a systematic overview and perspective, the shifting of a potential impact between life cycle
stages or individual processes can be identified and assessed with a view to an overall eco-efficiency.
4.1.3 Iterative approach
Eco-efficiency assessment is an iterative technique. The individual phases of an eco-efficiency assessment
(see Figure 1) use results of the other phases. The iterative approach within and between the phases contributes
to the comprehensiveness and consistency of the eco-efficiency assessment and the reported results.
4.1.4 Transparency
Due to the inherent complexity in eco-efficiency assessment, transparency is an important guiding principle in
executing an eco-efficiency assessment, in order to ensure a proper interpretation of the results.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 3
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
ISO 14045:2012(E)
4.1.5 Comprehensiveness
An eco-efficiency assessment considers all attributes and aspects of environment and product system value.
By considering all attributes and aspects within one eco-efficiency assessment, potential trade-offs can be
identified and assessed.
4.1.6 Priority of scientific approach
Decisions within an eco-efficiency assessment are preferably based on scientific data, methodology and other
evidence. If this is not possible, decisions based on international conventions may be used. If neither a scientific
basis exists nor international conventions can be referred to, then decisions may be based on value choices.
4.2 Phases of an eco-efficiency assessment
An eco-efficiency assessment comprises five phases:
a) goal and scope definition (including system boundaries, interpretation and limitations);
b) environmental assessment;
c) product system value assessment;
d) quantification of eco-efficiency;
e) interpretation (including quality assurance).
Goal and scope definition
Applications :
- Product development
and improvment
Product-
Environmental
assessment system-value
- Strategic planning
assessment - Budgeting
- Investment analysis
- Public policy making
- Marketing
- Supply chain management
Quantification of eco-efficiency
- Awareness raising
- Sustainability assessment
- Other
Interpretation
(including quality assurance)
Eco-efficiency assessment
Figure 1 — Phases of an eco-efficiency assessment
4 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
ISO 14045:2012(E)
4.3 Key features of an eco-efficiency assessment
An eco-efficiency assessment is an assessment of the environmental performance of a product system in
relation to its value.
Eco-efficiency is a practical tool for managing environmental and value aspects in parallel.
The result of the eco-efficiency assessment relates to the product system, not the product per se. A product
cannot be eco-efficient, only its product system which includes the production, use, disposal, i.e. the full life
cycle, can be. Also, eco-efficiency is a relative concept and a product system is only more-or-less eco-efficient
in relation to another product system.
5 Methodological framework
5.1 General requirements
Eco-efficiency assessments shall include goal and scope definition, environmental assessment, product
system value assessment, quantifications of eco-efficiency and interpretation.
5.2 Goal and scope definition (including system boundaries, interpretation and limitations)
5.2.1 Overview of requirements
5.2.1.1 In defining the goal, the following items shall be considered and clearly described:
— the purpose of the eco-efficiency assessment;
— the intended audience;
— the intended use of the results.
5.2.1.2 In defining the scope, the following items shall be considered and clearly described:
— the product system to be assessed;
— the function and functional unit;
— the system boundary of the product system;
— the allocations to external systems;
— the environmental assessment method and types of impacts;
— the value assessment method and type of product system value;
— the choice of eco-efficiency indicator(s);
— the interpretation to be used;
— the limitations;
— the reporting and disclosure of results.
5.2.2 The product system to be assessed
The product system shall be defined by its name and the scale, location, time and main stakeholders which
are involved.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 5
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
ISO 14045:2012(E)
5.2.3 Function and functional unit
The scope of an eco-efficiency assessment shall clearly specify the functions (performance characteristics) of
the product system being studied. A functional unit shall be defined that is consistent with the goal and scope
of the eco-efficiency assessment.
One of the primary purposes of a functional unit is to provide a reference for the environmental assessment and
for the product system value assessment. Therefore, the functional unit shall be measurable and clearly defined.
5.2.4 System boundary
The system boundary shall be described as specified in ISO 14044.
The system boundary shall be the same for the environmental and the product system value assessment.
5.2.5 Allocations to external systems
Allocations to adjacent systems outside the system boundary shall be identified and allocation principles used
shall be described.
5.2.6 Environmental assessment method and types of impacts
It shall be determined which elementary flows, cut-off criteria, allocation rules, impact categories, category
indicators, characterization models and weighting methods will represent the environmental aspect in the eco-
efficiency assessment. The selection of elementary flows, cut-off criteria, allocation rules, impact categories,
category indicators, characterization models and weighting methods shall be consistent with the goal of the study.
Exclusions made for the purpose of the eco-efficiency assessment shall be described and justified.
5.2.7 The product system value
Different stakeholders may encounter different values for the same product system. For instance, the product
system value to the consumer may be different from the product system value to the producer, and in turn
different from the product system value to the investor.
It shall be described which stakeholder’s value(s), type of value(s) and methods used to determine the product
system value(s) are to be used in the assessment. The value(s) shall be quantifiable with reference to the
functional unit according to the goal and scope of the eco-efficiency assessment.
NOTE The types of product system values can be as follows:
— functional value;
— monetary value;
— other values.
5.2.8 Choice of eco-efficiency indicator(s)
There are several types of eco-efficiency indicators that may be chosen to express a quantitative statement
on eco-efficiency.
The eco-efficiency indicator(s) to be used in the assessment shall be described. The evaluation method(s) and
the presentation format of the eco-efficiency assessment shall be defined.
For the choice of eco-efficiency indicators, the following requirements apply:
— increasing efficiency at the same product system value shall represent an improved environment;
— increasing efficiency at the same environmental impact shall represent an improved product system value.
6 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
ISO 14045:2012(E)
5.2.9 Interpretation to be used
The need for the following aspects of interpretation shall be clearly defined:
— an identification of the significant issues based on the results of the environmental and product system
value assessment phases;
— an evaluation that considers aspects of completeness, sensitivity, uncertainty and consistency;
— the formulation of conclusions, limitations and recommendations;
— a comparison of eco-efficiency assessment results.
5.2.10 Limitations
The scope in itself defines the conditions under which the assessment is made. In principle, the results are not
valid outside the scope.
Choices made to define the scope for the eco-efficiency assessment implicitly also define and limit the
applicability of the results from the assessment.
To prevent misuse of the results, the specific applications for which the results are not intended to be used may
be identified.
5.2.11 Reporting and disclosure of results
The type and format of the report and the means of disclosure shall be defined.
5.3 Environmental assessment
5.3.1 General
Environmental assessment shall be based on life cycle assessment according to ISO 14040 and ISO 14044.
5.3.2 Life cycle inventory (LCI) results
The result of an LCI study may be used directly as input to an eco-efficiency assessment. For instance, where
resource use and emissions predominantly originate from the use of fossil oil, the crude oil flow may be used
as the sole environmental input.
5.3.3 Life cycle impact assessment
5.3.3.1 General
Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), if it is done, shall be in accordance with ISO 14040 and ISO 14044.
5.3.3.2 Impact category indicator results
Life cycle impact category indicator results, as determined according to ISO 14044, may be used for eco-
efficiency assessments. Such data will typically result in an eco-efficiency profile, where several environmental
aspects are considered in parallel.
5.3.3.3 Weighting
Weighting shall not be used in eco-efficiency assessments for comparative eco-efficiency assertions intended
to be disclosed to the public.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 7
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SIST EN ISO 14045:2012
ISO 14045:2012(E)
If weighting is used for eco-efficiency assessment, additional requirements to those in ISO 14044 apply. The
following shall be described:
— weighting principles;
— weighting factors;
— how the weighting factors were determined including:
— methodology;
— which stakeholder values have been used to determine the weighting factors.
5.4 Product system value assessment
5.4.1 General
The product system value assessment shall consider the full life cycle of the product system.
There are many ways to a
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 14045:2011
01-maj-2011
5DYQDQMH]RNROMHP2FHQDRNROMVNHXþLQNRYLWRVWLSURL]YRGQLKVLVWHPRY1DþHOD
]DKWHYHLQVPHUQLFH ,62',6
Environmental management - Eco-efficiency assessment of product systems - Principles,
requirements and guidelines (ISO/DIS 14045:2011)
Umweltmanagement - Ökoeffizienzbewertung von Produktsystemen - Prinzipien,
Anforderungen und Leitlinien (ISO/DIS 14045:2011)
Management environnemental - Évaluation d'efficacité écologique des systèmes de
produit - Principes, exigences et lignes directrices (ISO/DIS 14045:2011)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 14045
ICS:
13.020.10 Ravnanje z okoljem Environmental management
oSIST prEN ISO 14045:2011 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 14045:2011
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oSIST prEN ISO 14045:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN ISO 14045
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2011
ICS 13.020.10; 13.020.60
English Version
Environmental management - Eco-efficiency assessment of
product systems - Principles, requirements and guidelines
(ISO/DIS 14045:2011)
Management environnemental - Évaluation d'efficacité
écologique des systèmes de produit - Principes, exigences
et lignes directrices (ISO/DIS 14045:2011)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for parallel enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/SS S26.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN ISO 14045:2011: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN ISO 14045:2011
prEN ISO 14045:2011 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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oSIST prEN ISO 14045:2011
prEN ISO 14045:2011 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN ISO 14045:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207
“Environmental management”.
This document is currently submitted to the parallel Enquiry.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/DIS 14045:2011 has been approved by CEN as a prEN ISO 14045:2011 without any
modification.
3
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oSIST prEN ISO 14045:2011
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oSIST prEN ISO 14045:2011
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 14045
ISO/TC 207/SC 5 Secretariat: AFNOR
Voting begins on Voting terminates on
2011-01-20 2011-06-20
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Environmental management — Eco-efficiency assessment of
product systems — Principles, requirements and guidelines
Management environnemental — Évaluation d'efficacité écologique des systèmes de produit — Principes,
exigences et lignes directrices
ICS 13.020.10; 13.020.60
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
This draft has been developed within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and
processed under the ISO-lead mode of collaboration as defined in the Vienna Agreement.
This draft is hereby submitted to the ISO member bodies and to the CEN member bodies for a parallel
five-month enquiry.
Should this draft be accepted, a final draft, established on the basis of comments received, will be
submitted to a parallel two-month approval vote in ISO and formal vote in CEN.
In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993 this document is circulated in
the English language only.
Conformément aux dispositions de la Résolution du Conseil 15/1993, ce document est distribué
en version anglaise seulement.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee
secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at
publication stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME
STANDARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
© International Organization for Standardization, 2011
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oSIST prEN ISO 14045:2011
ISO/DIS 14045
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ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 14045:2011
ISO/DIS 14045
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction.vi
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 General description of eco-efficiency .4
4.1 Principles of eco-efficiency.4
4.1.1 General .4
4.1.2 Life cycle perspective .4
4.1.3 Iterative approach.4
4.1.4 Transparency .4
4.1.5 Comprehensiveness .4
4.1.6 Priority of scientific approach.4
4.2 Phases of an eco-efficiency assessment.4
4.3 Key features of an eco-efficiency assessment .5
5 Methodological framework.6
5.1 General requirements .6
5.2 Goal and scope definition (including system boundaries, interpretation and limitations).6
5.2.1 The product system to be assessed .6
5.2.2 Function and functional unit .6
5.2.3 System boundary .7
5.2.4 Allocations to external systems .7
5.2.5 Environmental assessment method and types of impacts.7
5.2.6 The product system value .7
5.2.7 Choice of eco-efficiency indicator(s) .7
5.2.8 Interpretation to be used .7
5.2.9 Limitations .8
5.2.10 Reporting and disclosure of results.8
5.3 Environmental assessment.8
5.3.1 General .8
5.3.2 Life cycle inventory results .8
5.3.3 Life cycle impact assessment.8
5.4 Product system value assessment.9
5.4.1 General .9
5.4.2 Possible product system value types .9
5.4.3 Calculation of product system value indicator .10
5.5 Quantification of eco-efficiency.10
5.6 Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis .10
5.7 Interpretation .10
5.7.1 General .10
5.7.2 Trade-offs between environmental and product system value indicators.10
5.7.3 Comparison of eco-efficiency assessment results .11
6 Reporting and disclosure of results.11
6.1 General requirements .11
6.2 Further reporting requirements for comparative assertion intended to be disclosed to the
public .11
7 Critical review .12
7.1 General .12
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7.2 Critical review by internal or external expert. 13
7.3 Critical review by panel of interested parties . 13
Annex A (informative) Examples of functional value, monetary value, other values and value
indicators. 14
Annex B (informative) Examples of eco-efficiency assessment . 15
B.1 Example of eco-efficiency assessment applied to electronics products according to the
Guidelines in Japanese electronics industry . 15
B.1.1 Goal and scope definition. 15
B.1.2 Environmental assessment . 17
B.1.3 Product system value assessment. 17
B.1.4 Quantification of eco-efficiency . 18
B.1.5 Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. 18
B.1.6 Interpretation. 18
B.1.7 Discussion. 18
B.2 Example of eco-efficiency assessment based on the integrated assessment approach. 19
B.2.1 Goal and scope definition. 19
B.2.2 Environmental assessment . 21
B.2.3 Product system value assessment. 22
B.2.4 Quantification of eco-efficiency . 24
B.2.5 Interpretation. 24
B.3 Application of eco-efficiency assessment based on the integrated assessment . 25
B.3.1 Goal and scope definition. 25
B.3.2 Environmental assessment . 29
B.3.3 Product system value assessment. 30
B.3.4 Calculation of eco-efficiency results . 30
B.3.5 Interpretation. 32
B.4 Application of eco-efficiency assessment – Chelating agents. 33
B.4.1 Goal and Scope Definition . 33
B.4.2 Environmental assessment . 37
B.4.3 Product system value assessment. 37
B.4.4 Interpretation. 37
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oSIST prEN ISO 14045:2011
ISO/DIS 14045
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14045 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management, Subcommittee
SC 5, Life cycle assessment.
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved v
DRAFT 2011
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oSIST prEN ISO 14045:2011
ISO/DIS 14045
Introduction
Eco-efficiency assessment is a quantitative management tool which enables the consideration of life cycle
environmental impacts of a product system alongside its product system value to a stakeholder.
Within eco-efficiency assessment, environmental impacts are evaluated using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
as prescribed by other International Standards (ISO 14040, 14044). Consequently, eco-efficiency assessment
shares with LCA many important principles such as life cycle perspective, comprehensiveness, functional unit
approach, iterative nature, transparency and priority of scientific approach.
The value of the product system may be chosen to reflect, for example, its resource, production, delivery or
use efficiency, or a combination of these. The value may be expressed in monetary terms or other value
aspects.
The key objectives of this International Standard are to:
⎯ establish clear terminology and a common methodological framework for eco-efficiency assessment;
⎯ enable the practical use of eco-efficiency assessment for a wide range of product (including service)
systems;
⎯ provide clear guidance on the interpretation of eco-efficiency assessment results;
⎯ encourage the transparent, accurate and informative reporting of eco-efficiency assessment results.
This International Standard, like other International Standards, is not intended to be used to create non-tariff
trade barriers or to increase or change an organization's legal obligations.
vi © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
DRAFT 2011
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oSIST prEN ISO 14045:2011
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 14045
Environmental management — Eco efficiency assessment of
product systems — Principles, requirements and guidelines
1 Scope
This International Standard describes the principles, requirements and guidelines for eco-efficiency
assessment for product systems including
a) the goal and scope definition of the eco-efficiency assessment;
b) the environmental assessment;
c) the product system value assessment;
d) the quantification of eco-efficiency;
e) interpretation (including quality assurance);
f) reporting;
g) critical review of the eco-efficiency assessment.
Requirements, recommendations and guidelines for specific choices of categories of environmental impact
and values are not included. The intended application of the eco-efficiency assessment is considered during
the goal and scope definition, but the actual use of the results is outside the scope of this International
Standard. This International Standard is not intended to be used as a single base for contractual or regulatory
purposes or registration and certification.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Principles and framework
ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Requirements and guidelines
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oSIST prEN ISO 14045:2011
ISO/DIS 14045
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this International Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14050 and the following
apply.
NOTE Terms are not defined where they retain their normal dictionary definition. Where bold type is used within a
definition, this indicates a cross-reference to another term defined in this clause, and the number reference for the term is
given in parentheses.
3.1
product
any goods or service
[ISO 14021:1999 and ISO 9001:2008]
3.2
product flow
products (3.1) entering from or leaving to another product system
[ISO 14040:2006]
3.3
product system
collection of unit processes with elementary and product flows (3.2), performing one or more defined
functions, and which models the life cycle of a product (3.1)
[ISO 14040:2006]
3.4
environmental aspect
element of an organization's activities or products or services that can interact with the environment
NOTE A significant environmental aspect has or can have a significant environmental impact.
[ISO 14001:2004]
3.5
environmental performance
measurable results related to environmental aspects (3.4)
3.6
eco-efficiency
aspect of sustainability relating the environmental performance (3.5) of a product system (3.3) to its
product system value (3.7)
NOTE Eco-efficiency is a broad concept but it does not encompass the social aspect of sustainability.
3.7
product system value
worth or desirability ascribed to the functions of a product system (3.3)
NOTE The product system value may encompass different value aspects, including functional, monetary, aesthetic, etc.
3.8
product system value indicator
numerical quantity representing the product system value (3.6)
NOTE To express the product system value indicator, various kinds of units such as physical and monetary units or
relative gradings and scoring may be used.
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3.9
eco-efficiency indicator
measure of the environmental performance (3.5) of a product system (3.3) and its related product system
value (3.7)
3.10
eco-efficiency profile
eco-efficiency (3.6) assessment results relating the life cycle impact assessment results to the product
system value (3.6) assessment results
3.11
weighting factor
factor derived from a weighting model, which is applied to convert an assigned life cycle inventory result, a life
cycle impact category indicator result, or product system value indicator to the common unit of the weighting
indicator
3.12
sensitivity analysis
systematic procedures for estimating the effects of the choices made regarding methods and data on the
outcome of a study
[ISO 14040:2006]
3.13
uncertainty analysis
systematic procedure to quantify the uncertainty introduced in the results of a life cycle inventory analysis due
to the cumulative effects of model imprecision, input uncertainty and data variability
NOTE Either ranges or probability distributions are used to determine uncertainty in the results.
[ISO 14040:2006]
3.14
unit process
smallest element considered in the life cycle inventory analysis for which input and output data are quantified
[ISO 14040:2006]
3.15
critical review
process intended to ensure consistency between an eco-efficiency (3.6) assessment and the principles and
requirements of the International Standard on eco-efficiency assessment
[Adapted from ISO 14040:2006]
Draft NOTE The reference regarding how the definition from ISO 14040 is adapted will be harmonized with new rules in
ISO Directives that will be published in a near future.
3.16
comparative assertion
claim in eco-efficiency (3.6) regarding the superiority or equivalence of one product (3.1) versus a
competing product (3.1) in a market that performs the same function
[Adapted from ISO 14040:2006]
Draft NOTE The reference regarding how the definition from ISO 14040 is adapted will be harmonized with new rules in
ISO Directives that will be published in a near future.
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oSIST prEN ISO 14045:2011
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NOTE Comparison between different generations of the product systems of same function or between product
systems of similar functions manufactured by the same manufacture is not included in comparative assertion.
4 General description of eco-efficiency
4.1 Principles of eco-efficiency
4.1.1 General
The following principles are fundamental and serve as guidance for decisions relating to both the planning and
the conducting of an eco-efficiency ass
...
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