oSIST prEN IEC 62282-4-202:2023

Fuel cell technologies - Part 4-202: Fuel cell power system for unmanned aircrafts - Performance test methods

Tehnologije gorivnih celic - 4-202. del: Elektroenergetski sistemi z gorivnimi celicami za brezpilotna letala - Metode za preskušanje zmogljivosti

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 26-Jan-2023
• ICS: 27.070 - Fuel cells
• ICS: 49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
• Technical Committee: I09 - Imaginarni 09
• Current Stage: 4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 10-Nov-2022
• Due Date: 30-Mar-2023
• Ref Project: prEN IEC 62282-4-202:2022 - Fuel cell technologies - Part 4-202: Fuel cell power system for unmanned aircrafts - Performance test methods

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 62282-4-202:2023
01-januar-2023
Tehnologije gorivnih celic - 4-202. del: Elektroenergetski sistemi z gorivnimi
celicami za brezpilotna letala - Metode za preskušanje zmogljivosti

Fuel cell technologies - Part 4-202: Fuel cell power system for unmanned aircrafts -

Performance test methods
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 62282-4-202:2022
ICS:
27.070 Gorilne celice Fuel cells
49.020 Letala in vesoljska vozila na Aircraft and space vehicles in
splošno general
oSIST prEN IEC 62282-4-202:2023 en

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN IEC 62282-4-202:2023
105/941/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 62282-4-202 ED1
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2022-11-04 2023-01-27
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
105/811/CD, 105/831A/CC
IEC TC 105 : FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
Germany Mr David Urmann
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:
Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if any, in this
CDV to the secretary.
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EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY

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is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft for Vote (CDV) is
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The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the CENELEC
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This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.

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and to provide supporting documentation.
TITLE:

Fuel cell technologies – Part 4-202: Fuel cell power system for unmanned aircrafts – Performance test methods

PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2026
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
Title has been slightly adjusted, taking out 'systems'.

Copyright © 2022 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to download this

electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National Committee positions.

You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without

permission in writing from IEC.
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CONTENTS

FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 4

1 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 7

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................... 7

3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................... 7

4 Requirements for fuel cell power system for UAs ............................................................. 9

4.1 System configuration .............................................................................................. 9

4.2 Appearance and structure ....................................................................................... 9

4.3 General technical requirements ............................................................................ 10

5 Test preparation ............................................................................................................ 10

5.1 General ................................................................................................................. 10

5.2 Test environment .................................................................................................. 10

5.3 Test equipment and accuracy ............................................................................... 10

6 Test methods ................................................................................................................. 11

6.1 Start-up time ......................................................................................................... 11

6.2 Time to achieve rated power output ...................................................................... 11

6.3 Rated power output ............................................................................................... 11

6.4 Continuous running duration ................................................................................. 11

6.5 Peak power output ................................................................................................ 11

6.6 Output voltage range ............................................................................................ 12

6.7 Electric efficiency .................................................................................................. 12

6.8 Start-up and shutdown methods ............................................................................ 12

6.9 Shutdown time ...................................................................................................... 12

6.10 Acoustic noise level .............................................................................................. 13

6.11 Data transmission ................................................................................................. 13

6.12 Enclosure H concentration ................................................................................... 13

6.13 H2 concentration in fuel exhaust ............................................................................ 14

6.14 Enclosure IP Level ................................................................................................ 14

6.15 H2 leakage rate ..................................................................................................... 14

6.16 Warning and monitoring ........................................................................................ 14

Annex A (informative) A suggested aging test procedure for a fuel cell power system

for a UA ......................................................................................................................... 16

Annex B (informative) Guidelines for test reports ................................................................ 17

B.1 General ................................................................................................................. 17

B.2 Title page.............................................................................................................. 17

B.3 Table of contents .................................................................................................. 17

B.4 Summary report .................................................................................................... 17

B.5 Detailed report ...................................................................................................... 17

B.6 Full report ............................................................................................................. 18

Bibliography ........................................................................................................................ 19

Figure 1 – General configuration of a fuel cell power system for UAs ...................................... 9

Figure 2 – Acoustic noise measurement points for fuel cell power system ............................. 13

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Table 1 – Test equipment and accuracy ................................................................................ 11

Table 2 – Acoustic noise level correction .............................................................................. 13

Table A.1 – A suggested aging test procedure for a fuel cell power system for a UA ............. 16

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
Fuel Cell Technologies –
Part 4-202: Fuel cell power system for unmanned aircrafts –
Performance test methods
FOREWORD

1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising

all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international

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preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with

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Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.

2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international

consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all

interested IEC National Committees.

3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National

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any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.

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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.

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8) Attention is drawn to the normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is

indispensable for the correct application of this publication.

9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent

rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard IEC 62282-4-202 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 105:

The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
XX/XX/FDIS XX/XX/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in the

report on voting indicated in the above table.

This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

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The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the

stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to

the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

The National Committees are requested to note that for this document the stability date is ....

THIS TEXT IS INCLUDED FOR THE INFORMATION OF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEES AND WILL BE DELETED

AT THE PUBLICATION STAGE.
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1 INTRODUCTION

2 This part of IEC 62282-4 provides consistent and repeatable test methods for the

3 electric/thermal and environmental performance of fuel cell power systems for unmanned

4 aircrafts.
5 The IEC 62282-4 series deals with categories such as safety, performance, and

6 interchangeability of fuel cell power systems for propulsion other than road vehicles and

7 auxiliary power units (APUs). Among the categories mentioned above, this document (IEC

8 62282-4-202) focuses on fuel cell power systems for unmanned aircrafts because such an

9 application is urgently demanded in the world.

10 This part of IEC 62282-4 describes type tests and their test methods only. No routine tests are

11 required or identified, and no performance targets are set in this standard.

12 The purpose of this document is to evaluate the fuel cell system in the various combinations of

13 fuel cell and unmanned aircrafts. This document will provide a framework for designing and

14 evaluating a fuel cell system for use specifically in an unmanned aircraft.

15 This part of IEC 62282-4 is to be used by manufacturers of fuel cell power systems used for

16 unmanned aircrafts and/or those who evaluate the performance of their systems for certification

17 purposes.

18 Users of this document selectively execute test items that are suitable for their purposes from

19 those described in this document. This document is not intended to exclude any other methods.

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21 Scope

22 This document covers performance test methods of fuel cell power systems intended for being

23 used to power unmanned aircrafts, including general requirements, start-up, shutdown, power

24 output, continuous running time, electric efficiency, data transmission, warning and monitoring,

25 environmental compatibility, etc.

26 The scope of the document is limited to electric powered unmanned aircrafts with a maximum

27 take-off mass not exceeding 150 kg (i.e., level 5 or lower UAs).

28 The document applies to fuel cell power systems with a rated output voltage not exceeding 220

29 V DC for outdoor use.

30 The document applies only to compressed gaseous hydrogen-fuelled fuel cell power systems.

31 The document does not apply to reformer-equipped fuel cell power systems.
32 Normative references

33 The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and

34 are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the cited edition applies. For

35 undated references, the latest edition applies including any amendments.
36 IEV 60050-485: fuel cell technologies

37 IEC 62282-3-200:2015, Stationary fuel cell power system – Performance test methods

38 IEC 62282-3-201:2017, Stationary fuel cell power systems – Performance test methods for

39 small fuel cell power systems

40 IEC 62282-4-102:2017, Fuel cell power systems for industrial electric trucks – Performance test

41 methods

42 IEC 62282-6-200:2016, Micro fuel cell power systems – Performance test methods

43 IEC 60529:1989+AMD1:1999+AMD2:2013, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP

44 Code)
45 ISO 21384-4:2020 Unmanned aircraft systems — Part 4: Vocabulary
46 Terms and definitions

47 Following terms and definitions, and those listed in IEV 60050-485: fuel cell technologies, are

48 applicable to this document. Some terms and definitions defined here are covered by IEV

49 60050-485 or elsewhere, but some details are added in order to suite for this document to avoid

50 ambiguity.
51 3.1
52 unmanned aircraft (UA)
53 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
54 remotely piloted aircraft (RPA)

55 An aircraft without a human pilot aboard with its flight being controlled either autonomously by

56 onboard control systems or by the remote control of a pilot on the ground.

57 Note 1 to entry: ISO 21384-4:2020 Unmanned aircraft systems — Part 4: Vocabulary: aircraft which is designed to

58 be operated remotely or autonomously.
59 3.2
60 fuel cell power system for UA

61 A fuel cell power system onboard an UA that provides electric power for propulsion and non-

62 propulsion needs of the UA during its flight.
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63 3.3
64 start-up time

65 The time duration from the moment a signal is sent out or an action is taken to start up the fuel

66 cell power system to the moment the fuel cell power system enables to provide net electric

67 power output.

68 Note 1 to entry: IEV 60050-485: fuel cell technologies: duration required for transitioning from cold or storage state

69 to net electric power output.
70 3.4
71 shutdown time

72 The time duration from the moment a signal is sent out or an action is taken to shut down the

73 fuel cell power system to the moment the fuel cell power system enters the shutdown state.

74 Note 1 to entry: IEV 60050-485: fuel cell technologies: duration between the instant when the load is removed and

75 the instant when the shutdown is completed.
76 3.5
77 rated power output

78 The maximum continuous DC power output of the fuel cell power system when operated under

79 the normal condition specified by the fuel cell power system manufacturer.

80 Note1 to entry: A continuous running duration of the fuel cell power system at rated power output may be agreed

81 upon by the related parties.
82 3.6
83 peak power output

84 The maximum DC power output of the fuel cell power system that can last for a short time.

85 Note1 to entry: It is recommended that the time duration should be more than 2 minutes.

86 Note2 to entry: The time duration can also be agreed upon by the related parties based on actual situations.

87 3.7
88 output voltage range

89 Under the normal operational condition specified by the fuel cell power system manufacturer,

90 the range from the lowest output voltage to the highest output voltage of the fuel cell power

91 system in the entire process from start-up, to operation, to shutdown.

92 Note1 to entry: It is important that the DC output voltage of the fuel cell power system is always within the input

93 voltage range of the DC/DC or DC/AC converter or the Electronic Speed Controller (ESC) used on the UA by the UA

94 manufacturer.
95 3.8
96 continuous running duration

97 Under the normal operational condition specified by the fuel cell power system manufacturer,

98 the time duration the fuel cell power system can last at the rated power output with its output

99 voltage within the output voltage range described in 3.7.

100 Note1 to entry: The DC/DC or DC/AC converter or the electronic speed controller used on the UA may either be

101 damaged or not function effectively when the output DC voltage from the fuel cell power system is out of the input

102 voltage range of the DC/DC or DC/AC converter or the electronic speed controller.

103 3.9
104 H management subsystem

105 Combination of all the parts, apparatus, devices, pipes, connectors and controls that is

106 responsible for sending hydrogen from the H storage vessel to the fuel cell module.

107 Note1 to entry: The fuel management subsystem may include all or part of the followings: stop valve, filter,

108 electromagnetic valve, pressure regulator, fusible valve, excess flow valve, pressure release valve, unidirectional

109 valve, ejector, recirculation pump, pressure sensor, temperature sensor, pressure gage, flow meter, controls.

110 Note 2 to entry: The hydrogen storage vessel is not included in the H management subsystem. Parts that

111 accompany the hydrogen storage vessel to be supplied to the fuel cell power system manufacturer can be

112 considered not the responsibility of the fuel cell power system manufacturer.

113 3.10
114 H leakage rate

115 The ratio of the amount of hydrogen leaking out of the fuel cell power system to the amount of

116 hydrogen theoretically required by the fuel cell power system at the rated power output.

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117 3.11
118 power management subsystem

119 A device or system that manages the DC power from both the fuel cell module and the energy

120 storage subsystem, sends unregulated main DC power to the UA’s propulsion system, and

121 sends either regulated or unregulated minor DC or AC power to the power consuming devices

122 within the fuel cell power system for the internal power need.
123 Requirements for fuel cell power system for UAs
124 4.1 System configuration

125 Figure 1 illustrates the general fuel cell power system configuration subject to this document,

126 and shows the system boundary and physical items entering and leaving the system.

127 The fuel cell power system may contain part or all of the subsystems.
128
129 Figure 1 – General configuration of a fuel cell power system for UAs

130 The power management subsystem provides unregulated DC power to the DC/DC or DC/AC

131 converter or the electronic speed controller provided by the UA manufacturer. In other word,

132 any device that is needed to regulate the main DC power from the fuel cell power system to

133 propel the UA is not part of the fuel cell power system in this document. However, the power

134 management subsystem provides unregulated or regulated DC or AC power for the internal

135 power need of the fuel cell power system.
136 4.2 Appearance and structure

137 1) The appearance of the fuel cell power system shall show no signs of mechanical damage,

138 cracks, dents, rust, and obvious deformation.

139 2) There shall have no sharp edges and corners that can cause injury to human beings.

140 3) During the normal operation of the fuel cell power system, parts, modules, subsystems,

141 and connections within the system shall be sturdy and reliable, without loss of stability,

142 deformation, breaking and abrasion.
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143 4) The communications connection ports, the power connection ports, the user interfaces,

144 and the hydrogen inlet and outlet ports of the fuel cell power system shall be labelled

145 clearly.

146 5) The positive voltage terminal and the negative voltage terminal of the fuel cell power

147 system shall be labelled clearly.
148 4.3 General technical requirements

149 1) The fuel cell power system shall be operational under the following environment conditions:

150 temperature: -5~40 ˚C; pressure: 86~106kPa, relative humidity: ≥60%.

151 2) The fuel cell power system shall be able to provide enough electric power to the propulsion

152 system, ancillaries, payload, etc. of the UA from take-off to landing during normal flights.

153 3) The fuel cell power system itself or the communications system of the UA shall be able to

154 communicate with the ground control system, and provide information on the fuel cell

155 system’s state-of-health, remaining fuel, battery’s voltage, alarm conditions, etc., provided

156 the tele-message transmission is under a normal condition.

157 4) In situations that the UA loses communication with the ground control system, the fuel cell

158 power system shall be able to continue providing electric power to the propulsion system,

159 ancillaries, payload, etc. of the UA, and carry out pre-designated plans under such

160 circumstances.

161 5) The key operational parameters of the fuel cell power system shall be able to be monitored

162 and controlled in-situ.
163 Test preparation
164 5.1 General

165 According to the guideline or instructions from the fuel cell power system manufacturer, put the

166 fuel cell power system in the testing environment, make all the connections both mechanical

167 and electrical, and connect the fuel cell power system to an electric load bank and other

168 measuring and monitoring devices.

169 If the environment temperature is out of 15~25˚C range, leave the fuel cell power system in the

170 environment for at least 2 hours before the test is started.
171 During the tests, the results are read and recorded every second.
172 5.2 Test environment
173 The normal test environment conditions are as follows:
174 - Temperature: 20±5˚C;
175 - Pressure: 86-106 kPa;
176 - Relative humidity: ≥60%.

177 If the fuel cell powered UA is going to be used out of the above environmental conditions, the

178 parties involved should put those factors into consideration, and if necessary and agreed, the

179 fuel cell power system should be tested under the intended conditions.
180 Detailed testing conditions should be given in the test reports.

181 Note: Both the power output of the fuel cell power system and the lifting force of the UA decline with increase in

182 altitude.
183 5.3 Test equipment and accuracy

184 The major equipment and the accuracy used for the performance test are given in Table 1.

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185 Table 1 – Test equipment and accuracy
Equipment Unit Accuracy
Barometer kPa ±1% (full scale)
Humidity meter % ±3% (RH)
Temperature sensor ˚C ±1.0
Pressure sensor kPa ±1% (full scale)
Flow meter L/min, g/min ±1% (full scale)
Flow rate controller L/min, g/min ±1% (full scale)
Voltmeter V ±1% (full scale)
Current meter A ±1% (full scale)
H2 concentration sensor %vol ±1% (full scale)
Noise meter dB ±1
186 Test methods
187 6.1 Start-up time

188 After the fuel cell power system is setup and all the test equipment is in place, start the fuel cell

189 power system by sending a start-up signal to the fuel cell power system, and measure the time

190 duration from the moment the start-up signal is sent out to the moment the fuel cell power

191 system has net electric power output.
192 6.2 Time to achieve rated power output

193 After the start-up is completed as described in 6.1, set the load of the load bank to the rated

194 power of the fuel cell power system, apply the load, and measure the time duration from the

195 moment the rated power load is applied to the moment the fuel cell power system reaches the

196 rated power output.
197 6.3 Rated power output

198 Operate the fuel cell power system continuously with a fixed load equivalent to the rated power

199 output given by the fuel cell power system manufacturer for a time duration as long as the

200 continuous running duration given by the fuel cell power system manufacturer, read and record

201 the output voltage of the fuel cell power system. If the output voltage is within the output voltage

202 range given by the fuel cell power system manufacturer, then the rated power output and the

203 continuous running duration given by the fuel cell power system manufacturer are confirmed.

204 Note 1: Allowable variation of rated power output during the test is ±2%.

205 Note 2: If the fuel cell power system cannot operate at the rated power output for the continuous running duration

206 given by the fuel cell power system manufacturer, then either the rated power output or the continuous running

207 duration given by the fuel cell power system manufacturer is incorrect.

208 Note 3: If the fuel cell power system can operate at the rated power output for the continuous running duration given

209 by the fuel cell power system manufacturer, but the voltage output drifts out of the output voltage range given by the

210 fuel cell system manufacturer, then either the rated power output or the continuous running duration or the output

211 voltage range given by the fuel cell power system manufacturer is incorrect.
212 6.4 Continuous running duration

213 After the fuel cell power system is started, increase its power output to the rated power output,

214 set up the load to the fixed power output mode, measure the time duration from the moment the

215 fuel cell power system enables to provide the rated power output to the moment the output

216 voltage of the fuel cell power system drifts out of the output voltage range.

217 Note: If test of 6.3 confirms the continuous running duration given by the fuel cell system manufacturer, test 6.4 may

218 not need to be carried out.
219 6.5 Peak power output

220 Operate the fuel cell power system at the peak power output given by the fuel cell power system

221 manufacturer for the time duration provided by the fuel cell power system manufacturer, if the

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