prEN IEC 62282-4-202:2022
(Main)Fuel cell technologies - Part 4-202: Fuel cell power systems for propulsion and auxiliary power units - Unmanned aircrafts - Performance test methods
Fuel cell technologies - Part 4-202: Fuel cell power systems for propulsion and auxiliary power units - Unmanned aircrafts - Performance test methods
Tehnologije gorivnih celic - 4-202. del: Elektroenergetski sistemi z gorivnimi celicami za brezpilotna letala - Metode za preskušanje zmogljivosti
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 62282-4-202:2023
01-januar-2023
Tehnologije gorivnih celic - 4-202. del: Elektroenergetski sistemi z gorivnimi
celicami za brezpilotna letala - Metode za preskušanje zmogljivosti
Fuel cell technologies - Part 4-202: Fuel cell power system for unmanned aircrafts -
Performance test methodsTa slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 62282-4-202:2022
ICS:
27.070 Gorilne celice Fuel cells
49.020 Letala in vesoljska vozila na Aircraft and space vehicles in
splošno general
oSIST prEN IEC 62282-4-202:2023 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN IEC 62282-4-202:2023
105/941/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 62282-4-202 ED1
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2022-11-04 2023-01-27
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
105/811/CD, 105/831A/CC
IEC TC 105 : FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
Germany Mr David Urmann
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:
Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if any, in this
CDV to the secretary.
FUNCTIONS CONCERNED:
EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY
SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel votingThe attention of IEC National Committees, members of CENELEC,
is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft for Vote (CDV) is
submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the CENELEC
online voting system.
This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware
and to provide supporting documentation.TITLE:
Fuel cell technologies – Part 4-202: Fuel cell power system for unmanned aircrafts – Performance test methods
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2026NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
Title has been slightly adjusted, taking out 'systems'.
Copyright © 2022 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to download this
electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National Committee positions.
You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without
permission in writing from IEC.---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 4
1 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 7
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................... 7
3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................... 7
4 Requirements for fuel cell power system for UAs ............................................................. 9
4.1 System configuration .............................................................................................. 9
4.2 Appearance and structure ....................................................................................... 9
4.3 General technical requirements ............................................................................ 10
5 Test preparation ............................................................................................................ 10
5.1 General ................................................................................................................. 10
5.2 Test environment .................................................................................................. 10
5.3 Test equipment and accuracy ............................................................................... 10
6 Test methods ................................................................................................................. 11
6.1 Start-up time ......................................................................................................... 11
6.2 Time to achieve rated power output ...................................................................... 11
6.3 Rated power output ............................................................................................... 11
6.4 Continuous running duration ................................................................................. 11
6.5 Peak power output ................................................................................................ 11
6.6 Output voltage range ............................................................................................ 12
6.7 Electric efficiency .................................................................................................. 12
6.8 Start-up and shutdown methods ............................................................................ 12
6.9 Shutdown time ...................................................................................................... 12
6.10 Acoustic noise level .............................................................................................. 13
6.11 Data transmission ................................................................................................. 13
6.12 Enclosure H concentration ................................................................................... 13
6.13 H2 concentration in fuel exhaust ............................................................................ 14
6.14 Enclosure IP Level ................................................................................................ 14
6.15 H2 leakage rate ..................................................................................................... 14
6.16 Warning and monitoring ........................................................................................ 14
Annex A (informative) A suggested aging test procedure for a fuel cell power system
for a UA ......................................................................................................................... 16
Annex B (informative) Guidelines for test reports ................................................................ 17
B.1 General ................................................................................................................. 17
B.2 Title page.............................................................................................................. 17
B.3 Table of contents .................................................................................................. 17
B.4 Summary report .................................................................................................... 17
B.5 Detailed report ...................................................................................................... 17
B.6 Full report ............................................................................................................. 18
Bibliography ........................................................................................................................ 19
Figure 1 – General configuration of a fuel cell power system for UAs ...................................... 9
Figure 2 – Acoustic noise measurement points for fuel cell power system ............................. 13
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IEC CDV 62282-4-202 IEC 2022 – 3 –
Table 1 – Test equipment and accuracy ................................................................................ 11
Table 2 – Acoustic noise level correction .............................................................................. 13
Table A.1 – A suggested aging test procedure for a fuel cell power system for a UA ............. 16
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
Fuel Cell Technologies –
Part 4-202: Fuel cell power system for unmanned aircrafts –
Performance test methods
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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8) Attention is drawn to the normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62282-4-202 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 105:
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:FDIS Report on voting
XX/XX/FDIS XX/XX/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
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IEC CDV 62282-4-202 IEC 2022 – 5 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
The National Committees are requested to note that for this document the stability date is ....
THIS TEXT IS INCLUDED FOR THE INFORMATION OF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEES AND WILL BE DELETED
AT THE PUBLICATION STAGE.---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
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1 INTRODUCTION
2 This part of IEC 62282-4 provides consistent and repeatable test methods for the
3 electric/thermal and environmental performance of fuel cell power systems for unmanned
4 aircrafts.5 The IEC 62282-4 series deals with categories such as safety, performance, and
6 interchangeability of fuel cell power systems for propulsion other than road vehicles and
7 auxiliary power units (APUs). Among the categories mentioned above, this document (IEC
8 62282-4-202) focuses on fuel cell power systems for unmanned aircrafts because such an
9 application is urgently demanded in the world.10 This part of IEC 62282-4 describes type tests and their test methods only. No routine tests are
11 required or identified, and no performance targets are set in this standard.12 The purpose of this document is to evaluate the fuel cell system in the various combinations of
13 fuel cell and unmanned aircrafts. This document will provide a framework for designing and
14 evaluating a fuel cell system for use specifically in an unmanned aircraft.15 This part of IEC 62282-4 is to be used by manufacturers of fuel cell power systems used for
16 unmanned aircrafts and/or those who evaluate the performance of their systems for certification
17 purposes.18 Users of this document selectively execute test items that are suitable for their purposes from
19 those described in this document. This document is not intended to exclude any other methods.
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21 Scope
22 This document covers performance test methods of fuel cell power systems intended for being
23 used to power unmanned aircrafts, including general requirements, start-up, shutdown, power
24 output, continuous running time, electric efficiency, data transmission, warning and monitoring,
25 environmental compatibility, etc.26 The scope of the document is limited to electric powered unmanned aircrafts with a maximum
27 take-off mass not exceeding 150 kg (i.e., level 5 or lower UAs).28 The document applies to fuel cell power systems with a rated output voltage not exceeding 220
29 V DC for outdoor use.30 The document applies only to compressed gaseous hydrogen-fuelled fuel cell power systems.
31 The document does not apply to reformer-equipped fuel cell power systems.32 Normative references
33 The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
34 are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the cited edition applies. For
35 undated references, the latest edition applies including any amendments.36 IEV 60050-485: fuel cell technologies
37 IEC 62282-3-200:2015, Stationary fuel cell power system – Performance test methods
38 IEC 62282-3-201:2017, Stationary fuel cell power systems – Performance test methods for
39 small fuel cell power systems40 IEC 62282-4-102:2017, Fuel cell power systems for industrial electric trucks – Performance test
41 methods42 IEC 62282-6-200:2016, Micro fuel cell power systems – Performance test methods
43 IEC 60529:1989+AMD1:1999+AMD2:2013, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP
44 Code)45 ISO 21384-4:2020 Unmanned aircraft systems — Part 4: Vocabulary
46 Terms and definitions
47 Following terms and definitions, and those listed in IEV 60050-485: fuel cell technologies, are
48 applicable to this document. Some terms and definitions defined here are covered by IEV
49 60050-485 or elsewhere, but some details are added in order to suite for this document to avoid
50 ambiguity.51 3.1
52 unmanned aircraft (UA)
53 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
54 remotely piloted aircraft (RPA)
55 An aircraft without a human pilot aboard with its flight being controlled either autonomously by
56 onboard control systems or by the remote control of a pilot on the ground.57 Note 1 to entry: ISO 21384-4:2020 Unmanned aircraft systems — Part 4: Vocabulary: aircraft which is designed to
58 be operated remotely or autonomously.59 3.2
60 fuel cell power system for UA
61 A fuel cell power system onboard an UA that provides electric power for propulsion and non-
62 propulsion needs of the UA during its flight.---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
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63 3.3
64 start-up time
65 The time duration from the moment a signal is sent out or an action is taken to start up the fuel
66 cell power system to the moment the fuel cell power system enables to provide net electric
67 power output.68 Note 1 to entry: IEV 60050-485: fuel cell technologies: duration required for transitioning from cold or storage state
69 to net electric power output.70 3.4
71 shutdown time
72 The time duration from the moment a signal is sent out or an action is taken to shut down the
73 fuel cell power system to the moment the fuel cell power system enters the shutdown state.
74 Note 1 to entry: IEV 60050-485: fuel cell technologies: duration between the instant when the load is removed and
75 the instant when the shutdown is completed.76 3.5
77 rated power output
78 The maximum continuous DC power output of the fuel cell power system when operated under
79 the normal condition specified by the fuel cell power system manufacturer.80 Note1 to entry: A continuous running duration of the fuel cell power system at rated power output may be agreed
81 upon by the related parties.82 3.6
83 peak power output
84 The maximum DC power output of the fuel cell power system that can last for a short time.
85 Note1 to entry: It is recommended that the time duration should be more than 2 minutes.
86 Note2 to entry: The time duration can also be agreed upon by the related parties based on actual situations.
87 3.788 output voltage range
89 Under the normal operational condition specified by the fuel cell power system manufacturer,
90 the range from the lowest output voltage to the highest output voltage of the fuel cell power
91 system in the entire process from start-up, to operation, to shutdown.92 Note1 to entry: It is important that the DC output voltage of the fuel cell power system is always within the input
93 voltage range of the DC/DC or DC/AC converter or the Electronic Speed Controller (ESC) used on the UA by the UA
94 manufacturer.95 3.8
96 continuous running duration
97 Under the normal operational condition specified by the fuel cell power system manufacturer,
98 the time duration the fuel cell power system can last at the rated power output with its output
99 voltage within the output voltage range described in 3.7.100 Note1 to entry: The DC/DC or DC/AC converter or the electronic speed controller used on the UA may either be
101 damaged or not function effectively when the output DC voltage from the fuel cell power system is out of the input
102 voltage range of the DC/DC or DC/AC converter or the electronic speed controller.
103 3.9104 H management subsystem
105 Combination of all the parts, apparatus, devices, pipes, connectors and controls that is
106 responsible for sending hydrogen from the H storage vessel to the fuel cell module.
107 Note1 to entry: The fuel management subsystem may include all or part of the followings: stop valve, filter,
108 electromagnetic valve, pressure regulator, fusible valve, excess flow valve, pressure release valve, unidirectional
109 valve, ejector, recirculation pump, pressure sensor, temperature sensor, pressure gage, flow meter, controls.
110 Note 2 to entry: The hydrogen storage vessel is not included in the H management subsystem. Parts that
111 accompany the hydrogen storage vessel to be supplied to the fuel cell power system manufacturer can be
112 considered not the responsibility of the fuel cell power system manufacturer.
113 3.10114 H leakage rate
115 The ratio of the amount of hydrogen leaking out of the fuel cell power system to the amount of
116 hydrogen theoretically required by the fuel cell power system at the rated power output.
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117 3.11
118 power management subsystem
119 A device or system that manages the DC power from both the fuel cell module and the energy
120 storage subsystem, sends unregulated main DC power to the UA’s propulsion system, and
121 sends either regulated or unregulated minor DC or AC power to the power consuming devices
122 within the fuel cell power system for the internal power need.123 Requirements for fuel cell power system for UAs
124 4.1 System configuration
125 Figure 1 illustrates the general fuel cell power system configuration subject to this document,
126 and shows the system boundary and physical items entering and leaving the system.
127 The fuel cell power system may contain part or all of the subsystems.128
129 Figure 1 – General configuration of a fuel cell power system for UAs
130 The power management subsystem provides unregulated DC power to the DC/DC or DC/AC
131 converter or the electronic speed controller provided by the UA manufacturer. In other word,
132 any device that is needed to regulate the main DC power from the fuel cell power system to
133 propel the UA is not part of the fuel cell power system in this document. However, the power
134 management subsystem provides unregulated or regulated DC or AC power for the internal
135 power need of the fuel cell power system.136 4.2 Appearance and structure
137 1) The appearance of the fuel cell power system shall show no signs of mechanical damage,
138 cracks, dents, rust, and obvious deformation.139 2) There shall have no sharp edges and corners that can cause injury to human beings.
140 3) During the normal operation of the fuel cell power system, parts, modules, subsystems,
141 and connections within the system shall be sturdy and reliable, without loss of stability,
142 deformation, breaking and abrasion.---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
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143 4) The communications connection ports, the power connection ports, the user interfaces,
144 and the hydrogen inlet and outlet ports of the fuel cell power system shall be labelled
145 clearly.146 5) The positive voltage terminal and the negative voltage terminal of the fuel cell power
147 system shall be labelled clearly.148 4.3 General technical requirements
149 1) The fuel cell power system shall be operational under the following environment conditions:
150 temperature: -5~40 ˚C; pressure: 86~106kPa, relative humidity: ≥60%.151 2) The fuel cell power system shall be able to provide enough electric power to the propulsion
152 system, ancillaries, payload, etc. of the UA from take-off to landing during normal flights.
153 3) The fuel cell power system itself or the communications system of the UA shall be able to
154 communicate with the ground control system, and provide information on the fuel cell
155 system’s state-of-health, remaining fuel, battery’s voltage, alarm conditions, etc., provided
156 the tele-message transmission is under a normal condition.157 4) In situations that the UA loses communication with the ground control system, the fuel cell
158 power system shall be able to continue providing electric power to the propulsion system,
159 ancillaries, payload, etc. of the UA, and carry out pre-designated plans under such
160 circumstances.161 5) The key operational parameters of the fuel cell power system shall be able to be monitored
162 and controlled in-situ.163 Test preparation
164 5.1 General
165 According to the guideline or instructions from the fuel cell power system manufacturer, put the
166 fuel cell power system in the testing environment, make all the connections both mechanical
167 and electrical, and connect the fuel cell power system to an electric load bank and other
168 measuring and monitoring devices.169 If the environment temperature is out of 15~25˚C range, leave the fuel cell power system in the
170 environment for at least 2 hours before the test is started.171 During the tests, the results are read and recorded every second.
172 5.2 Test environment
173 The normal test environment conditions are as follows:
174 - Temperature: 20±5˚C;
175 - Pressure: 86-106 kPa;
176 - Relative humidity: ≥60%.
177 If the fuel cell powered UA is going to be used out of the above environmental conditions, the
178 parties involved should put those factors into consideration, and if necessary and agreed, the
179 fuel cell power system should be tested under the intended conditions.180 Detailed testing conditions should be given in the test reports.
181 Note: Both the power output of the fuel cell power system and the lifting force of the UA decline with increase in
182 altitude.183 5.3 Test equipment and accuracy
184 The major equipment and the accuracy used for the performance test are given in Table 1.
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185 Table 1 – Test equipment and accuracy
Equipment Unit Accuracy
Barometer kPa ±1% (full scale)
Humidity meter % ±3% (RH)
Temperature sensor ˚C ±1.0
Pressure sensor kPa ±1% (full scale)
Flow meter L/min, g/min ±1% (full scale)
Flow rate controller L/min, g/min ±1% (full scale)
Voltmeter V ±1% (full scale)
Current meter A ±1% (full scale)
H2 concentration sensor %vol ±1% (full scale)
Noise meter dB ±1
186 Test methods
187 6.1 Start-up time
188 After the fuel cell power system is setup and all the test equipment is in place, start the fuel cell
189 power system by sending a start-up signal to the fuel cell power system, and measure the time
190 duration from the moment the start-up signal is sent out to the moment the fuel cell power
191 system has net electric power output.192 6.2 Time to achieve rated power output
193 After the start-up is completed as described in 6.1, set the load of the load bank to the rated
194 power of the fuel cell power system, apply the load, and measure the time duration from the
195 moment the rated power load is applied to the moment the fuel cell power system reaches the
196 rated power output.197 6.3 Rated power output
198 Operate the fuel cell power system continuously with a fixed load equivalent to the rated power
199 output given by the fuel cell power system manufacturer for a time duration as long as the
200 continuous running duration given by the fuel cell power system manufacturer, read and record
201 the output voltage of the fuel cell power system. If the output voltage is within the output voltage
202 range given by the fuel cell power system manufacturer, then the rated power output and the
203 continuous running duration given by the fuel cell power system manufacturer are confirmed.
204 Note 1: Allowable variation of rated power output during the test is ±2%.205 Note 2: If the fuel cell power system cannot operate at the rated power output for the continuous running duration
206 given by the fuel cell power system manufacturer, then either the rated power output or the continuous running
207 duration given by the fuel cell power system manufacturer is incorrect.208 Note 3: If the fuel cell power system can operate at the rated power output for the continuous running duration given
209 by the fuel cell power system manufacturer, but the voltage output drifts out of the output voltage range given by the
210 fuel cell system manufacturer, then either the rated power output or the continuous running duration or the output
211 voltage range given by the fuel cell power system manufacturer is incorrect.212 6.4 Continuous running duration
213 After the fuel cell power system is started, increase its power output to the rated power output,
214 set up the load to the fixed power output mode, measure the time duration from the moment the
215 fuel cell power system enables to provide the rated power output to the moment the output
216 voltage of the fuel cell power system drifts out of the output voltage range.
217 Note: If test of 6.3 confirms the continuous running duration given by the fuel cell system manufacturer, test 6.4 may
218 not need to be carried out.219 6.5 Peak power output
220 Operate the fuel cell power system at the peak power output given by the fuel cell power system
221 manufacturer for the time duration provided by the fuel cell power system manufacturer, if the
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