SIST EN 378-1:2008+A1:2011
(Main)Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria
Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria
This European Standard specifies the requirements relating to safety of persons and property (but not goods in storage) and the local and global environment for:
a) stationary and mobile refrigerating systems of all sizes, including heat pumps;
b) secondary cooling or heating systems;
c) location of these refrigerating systems.
NOTE 1 For secondary heating or cooling systems charged with any refrigerants listed in Annex E the charge limitations of part 1 (Annex C) apply.
For refrigerating systems with a limited mass of refrigerant only some of the parts and clauses are
applicable. The exceptions are defined in the scope and the clauses of each part of EN 378.
This European Standard is not applicable to refrigerating systems with air or water as refrigerant.
Systems using refrigerants other than those listed in Annex E are not covered by this European Standard as long as a safety class is not assigned.
NOTE 2 For the safety classification of refrigerant fluids not included in Annex E, see Annex F.
This European Standard covers the hazards mentioned in the introduction.
This European Standard is applicable to new refrigerating systems and modification of existing refrigerating systems in case the type of refrigerant changed or pressure vessels are replaced. The part dealing with main-tenance, repair, operation, recovery, reuse and disposal also applies to existing systems. Parties responsible for existing refrigerating systems should consider the safety and environmental aspects of this European Standard and implement the more stringent requirements so far as they are reasonably practicable.
Directive 94/9/EC concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres can be applicable to the type of machine or equipment covered by this European Standard. The present standard is not intended to provide means of complying with the essential health and safety requirements of Directive 94/9/EC.
Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Sicherheitstechnische und umweltrelevante Anforderungen - Teil 1: Grundlegende Anforderungen, Begriffe, Klassifikationen und Auswahlkriterien
1 Domaine d'application
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences relatives à la sécurité des personnes et des biens (mais pas
des marchandises en stock) et de l’environnement local et de l’environnement en général pour :
a) les systèmes de réfrigération mobiles et fixes de toutes tailles, incluant les pompes à chaleur ;
b) les systèmes de refroidissement ou de chauffage secondaires ;
c) les emplacements de ces systèmes de réfrigération.
NOTE 1 Pour les systèmes de refroidissement ou de chauffage secondaires chargés en fluide frigorigène listé en Annexe E,
les limitations de charge de la partie 1 (Annexe C) s’appliquent.
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Anforderungen für die Sicherheit von Personen und Sachen (nicht jedoch für eingelagerte Güter) und für die lokale und globale Umwelt fest:
a)
stationäre und ortsveränderliche Kälteanlagen aller Größen, einschließlich Wärmepumpen;
b)
indirekte Kühl- oder Heizsysteme;
c)
den Aufstellungsort dieser Kälteanlagen.
ANMERKUNG 1 Bei indirekten Kühl- oder Heizsystemen, die mit Kältemitteln nach Anhang E befüllt sind, gelten die Grenzwerte für die Kältemittel-Füllmenge nach diesem Teil 1 (Anhang C).
Für Kälteanlagen mit einer begrenzten Kältemittel-Füllmenge sind nur einige Teile und Abschnitte anzuwenden. Die Ausnahmen sind im Anwendungsbereich und in den Abschnitten der einzelnen Teile der EN 378 festgelegt.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für Kälteanlagen mit Luft oder Wasser als Kältemittel. Kälteanlagen mit anderen als in Anhang E aufgeführten Kältemitteln sind nicht Gegenstand dieser Europäischen Norm, sofern sie keiner Sicherheitsgruppe zugeordnet sind.
ANMERKUNG 2 Klassifikation von nicht in Anhang E enthaltenen Kältemitteln im Hinblick auf die Sicherheit, siehe Anhang F.
Diese Europäische Norm befasst sich mit den in der Einleitung aufgeführten Gefährdungen.
Systèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Exigences de sécurité et d'environnement - Partie 1: Exigences de base, définitions, classification et critères de choix
1 Domaine d'application
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences relatives à la sécurité des personnes et des biens (mais pas
des marchandises en stock) et de l’environnement local et de l’environnement en général pour :
a) les systèmes de réfrigération mobiles et fixes de toutes tailles, incluant les pompes à chaleur ;
b) les systèmes de refroidissement ou de chauffage secondaires ;
c) les emplacements de ces systèmes de réfrigération.
NOTE 1 Pour les systèmes de refroidissement ou de chauffage secondaires chargés en fluide frigorigène listé en Annexe E,
les limitations de charge de la partie 1 (Annexe C) s’appliquent.
Pour les systèmes de réfrigération de masse limitée de fluide frigorigène, seuls quelques parties et articles
s’appliquent. Les exceptions sont définies dans les domaine d’application et articles de chaque partie de l'EN 378.
La présente Norme européenne n’est pas applicable aux systèmes de réfrigération qui utilisent l’air ou l’eau comme
fluide frigorigène. Les systèmes utilisant des fluides frigorigènes autres que ceux énoncés dans l’Annexe E ne sont
pas couverts par la présente Norme européenne aussi longtemps qu’une classe de sécurité ne leur sera pas attribué.
NOTE 2 Pour la classification de sécurité de fluides frigorigènes non listés en annexe E, voir l’Annexe F.
La présente Norme européenne couvre les risques mentionnés dans l’introduction.
La présente Norme européenne est applicable aux systèmes de réfrigération neufs et aux modifications des
systèmes de réfrigération existants dans le cas où le groupe du fluide frigorigène aurait changé ou le récipient sous
pression serait remplacé. La partie traitant de la maintenance, la réparation, le fonctionnement, la récupération, la
réutilisation et la mise au rebut s’applique aussi aux systèmes existants.
Hladilni sistemi in toplotne črpalke - Varnostnotehnične in okoljevarstvene zahteve - 1. del: Osnovne zahteve, definicije, razvrstitve in kriteriji za izbiro
Ta evropski standard določa zahteve, povezane z varnostjo oseb in premoženja (vendar ne dobrin v skladišču), in lokalno ali globalno okolje za:
a) fiksne in mobilne hladilne sisteme vseh velikosti, vključno s toplotnimi črpalkami;
b) sekundarni hladilni ali grelni sistemi;
c) lokacijo teh hladilnih sistemov.
OPOMBA 1: Za sekundarne grelne ali hladilne sisteme, ki so napolnjeni s hladilnimi sredstvi, navedenimi v dodatku E, veljajo omejitve polnjenja iz 1. dela (dodatek C).
Za hladilne sisteme z omejeno maso hladilnega sredstva veljajo samo nekateri deli
in klavzule. Izjeme so določene na področju uporabe in v klavzulah vsakega dela EN 378.
Ta evropski standarda ne velja za hladilne sisteme z zrakom ali vodo kot hladilnim sredstvom.
Sistemi, ki uporabljajo druga hladilna sredstva od navedenih v dodatku E, niso zajeti s tem evropskim standardom, dokler ni določen varnostni razred.
OPOMBA 2: Za klasifikacijo varnosti hladilnih tekočin, ki niso vključene v dodatek E, glej dodatek F.
Ta evropski standard zajema nevarnosti, navedene v uvodu.
Ta evropski standard velja za nove hladilne sisteme in spreminjanje obstoječih hladilnih sistemov, če se je zamenjal tip hladilnega sredstva ali se uporabljajo druge tlačne posode. Del, ki obravnava vzdrževanje, popravilo, delovanje, rekuperacijo, ponovno uporabo in odstranjevanje, prav tako velja za obstoječe sisteme. Stranke, odgovorne za obstoječe hladilne sisteme, morajo upoštevati varnostne in okoljske vidike tega evropskega standarda in vpeljati strožje zahteve, dokler so razumsko izvedljive.
Direktiva 94/9/ES, ki zadeva opremo in zaščitne sisteme za uporabo v potencionalno eksplozivnih atmosferah, lahko velja za tip stroja ali opreme, zajete v tem evropskem standardu. Pričujoči standard ni namenjen za zagotavljanje sredstev za skladnost z bistvenimi zdravstvenimi in varnostnimi zahtevami Direktive 94/9/ES.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Sicherheitstechnische und umweltrelevante Anforderungen - Teil 1: Grundlegende Anforderungen, Begriffe, Klassifikationen und AuswahlkriterienSystèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Exigences de sécurité et d'environnement - Partie 1: Exigences de base, définitions, classification et critères de choixRefrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria27.200Hladilna tehnologijaRefrigerating technology27.080Heat pumps01.040.27Prenos energije in toplote (Slovarji)Energy and heat transfer engineering (Vocabularies)ICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010SIST EN 378-1:2008+A1:2011en,fr,de01-maj-2011SIST EN 378-1:2008+A1:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 378-1:2008+A1:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 378-1:2008+A1
December 2010 ICS 27.080; 27.200 Supersedes EN 378-1:2008English Version
Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria
Systèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Exigences de sécurité et d'environnement - Partie 1: Exigences de base, définitions, classification et critères de choix
Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Sicherheitstechnische und umweltrelevante Anforderungen - Teil 1: Grundlegende Anforderungen, Begriffe, Klassifikationen und Auswahlkriterien This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 October 2007 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 13 November 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010: ESIST EN 378-1:2008+A1:2011
EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3Introduction .41Scope .72Normative references .73Terms and definitions .73.1Refrigerating systems .83.2Occupancies, localities .93.3Pressures . 103.4Components of refrigerating systems . 113.5Piping and joints . 133.6Safety accessories. 143.7Fluids . 163.8Miscellaneous . 174Classification . 184.1Refrigerating systems . 184.2Occupancies . 184.3Designation and Classification of refrigerants . 194.4Examples of systems . 204.5Special requirements for skating rinks . 24Annex A (informative)
Equivalent terms in English, French and German . 25Annex B (informative)
Total equivalent warming impact (TEWI) . 29Annex C (normative)
Refrigerant charge limitations . 32Annex D (informative)
Protection for people who are inside cold rooms . 46Annex E (normative)
!Safety classification and information about refrigerants" . 48Annex F (informative)
Safety group classifications . 56Annex G (normative)
Special requirements for ice rinks . 63Bibliography . 64 SIST EN 378-1:2008+A1:2011
EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010) has been prepared by the CEN Technical Committee CEN/TC 182
"Refrigerating systems, safety and environmental requirements", the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2011. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2010-11-13. This document supersedes !EN 378-1:2008". The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags!" Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. EN 378 consists of the following parts under the general title Refrigerating systems and heat pumps — Safety and environmental requirements: Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria Part 2: Design, construction, testing, marking and documentation Part 3: Installation site and personal protection Part 4: Operation, maintenance, repair and recovery According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
SIST EN 378-1:2008+A1:2011
EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard relates to safety and environmental requirements in the design, manufacture,
construction, installation, operation, maintenance, repair and disposal of refrigerating systems and appliances in respect to the local and global environments, but not to the final destruction of the refrigerants. The term "refrigerating system" used in this European Standard includes heat pumps. The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated below. In addition, machinery should comply as
appropriate with EN ISO 12100-1 and EN ISO 12100-2 for hazards which are not covered by this European Standard. It is intended to minimize possible hazards to persons, property and the environment from refrigerating
systems and refrigerants. These hazards are associated essentially with the physical and chemical
characteristics of refrigerants as well as the pressures and temperatures occurring in refrigeration cycles. Inadequate precautions may result in: component rupture or explosion, with risk of projectiles; escape of refrigerant with the risk of environmental damage or toxicity due to a fracture, a leakage caused by bad design, incorrect operation, and inadequate maintenance, repair, charging or disposal; burning or combustion of escaping refrigerant with consequent risk of fire including the risk of toxic
products of combustion from non-flammable refrigerants. Refrigerants, their mixtures and combinations with oils, water or other materials, which are present in the
refrigerating system, intended or unintended, affect the internal surrounding materials chemically and
physically for example due to pressure and temperature. They can, if they have detrimental properties,
endanger persons, property and the environment directly or indirectly due to global long term effects (ODP,GWP) when escaping from the refrigerating system. Refrigerants shall be selected with due regard to their potential influence on the global environment as well as their possible effects on the local environment. Evaluation of the environmental performance however requires a life cycle approach. With regard to global climate change the Total Equivalent Warming Impact approach is generally used as the basis (see Annex B). Reference should be made to the EN ISO 14040 series to address other environmental aspects. Many factors influence environmental impacts such as: location of the system; energy efficiency of the system; type of refrigerant; service frequency; refrigerant leaks; sensitivity of charge on efficiency; minimisation of heat load; control methods. The cost of the system will have an indirect influence on the environmental performance. Additional
investments may be directed towards reducing leaks, increasing energy efficiency or modifying the design in order to use a different refrigerant. Only a life cycle approach is capable of identifying where additional
investments will have the most beneficial effects. SIST EN 378-1:2008+A1:2011
EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010 (E) 5 Hazards due to the states of pressure and temperature in refrigerating systems are essentially due to the
simultaneous presence of the liquid and vapour phases. Furthermore, the state of the refrigerant and the stresses that it exerts on the various components do not depend solely on the processes and functions inside the plant, but also on external factors. The following hazards are worthy of note: a) from the direct effect of extreme temperature, for example: brittleness of materials at low temperatures; freezing of enclosed liquid (water, brine or similar); thermal stresses; changes of volume due to temperature changes; injurious effects to persons caused by low temperatures; touchable hot surfaces. b) from excessive pressure due to, for example: increase in the pressure of condensation, caused by inadequate cooling or the partial pressure of non condensable gases or an accumulation of oil or liquid refrigerant; increase in the pressure of saturated vapour due to excessive external heating, for example of a
liquid cooler, or when defrosting an air cooler or high ambient temperature when the plant is at a standstill; expansion of liquid refrigerant in a closed space without the presence of vapour, caused by a rise in external temperature; fire. c) from the direct effect of the liquid phase, for example: excessive charge or flooding of equipment; presence of liquid in compressors, caused by syphoning, or condensation in the compressor; liquid hammer in piping; loss of lubrication due to dilution of oil; condensation-induced shock. d) from the escape of refrigerants, for example: fire; explosion; toxicity including products of combustion; caustic effects; freezing of skin; SIST EN 378-1:2008+A1:2011
EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010 (E) 6 asphyxiation; panic; depletion of the ozone layer; global warming. e) from the moving parts of machinery, for example: injuries; hearing loss from excessive noise; damage due to vibration. Attention is drawn to hazards common to all compression systems, such as excessive temperature at
discharge, liquid slugging, erroneous operation and reduction in mechanical strength caused by corrosion, erosion, thermal stress, liquid hammer or vibration. Corrosion, however, should have special consideration as conditions peculiar to refrigerating systems arise due to alternate frosting and defrosting or the covering of equipment by insulation. The above analysis of the hazards applying to refrigerating systems explains the plan on which this European Standard has been based. SIST EN 378-1:2008+A1:2011
EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the requirements relating to safety of persons and property (but not goods in storage) and the local and global environment for: a) stationary and mobile refrigerating systems of all sizes, including heat pumps; b) secondary cooling or heating systems; c) location of these refrigerating systems. NOTE 1 For secondary heating or cooling systems charged with any refrigerants listed in Annex E the charge
limitations of part 1 (Annex C) apply. For refrigerating systems with a limited mass of refrigerant only some of the parts and clauses are
applicable. The exceptions are defined in the scope and the clauses of each part of EN 378. This European Standard is not applicable to refrigerating systems with air or water as refrigerant.
Systems using refrigerants other than those listed in Annex E are not covered by this European Standard as long as a safety class is not assigned. NOTE 2 For the safety classification of refrigerant fluids not included in Annex E, see Annex F. This European Standard covers the hazards mentioned in the introduction. This European Standard is applicable to new refrigerating systems and modification of existing refrigerating systems in case the type of refrigerant changed or pressure vessels are replaced. The part dealing with main-tenance, repair, operation, recovery, reuse and disposal also applies to existing systems. Parties
responsible for existing refrigerating systems should consider the safety and environmental aspects of this European Standard and implement the more stringent requirements so far as they are reasonably practicable. Directive 94/9/EC concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive
atmospheres can be applicable to the type of machine or equipment covered by this European Standard. The present standard is not intended to provide means of complying with the essential health and safety
requirements of Directive 94/9/EC. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated refer-ences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 378-2, Refrigerating systems and heat pumps — Safety and environmental requirements — Part 2: De-sign, construction, testing, marking and documentation 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE See informative Annex A for equivalent terms in English, French and German. SIST EN 378-1:2008+A1:2011
EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010 (E) 8 3.1 Refrigerating systems 3.1.1 refrigerating system (heat pump) combination of interconnected refrigerant-containing parts constituting one closed refrigerant circuit in which the refrigerant is circulated for the purpose of extracting and rejecting heat (i.e. cooling, heating) 3.1.2 self-contained system complete factory-made refrigerating system in a suitable frame and/or enclosure, that is fabricated and
transported in one or more sections and in which no refrigerant containing parts are connected on site other than by companion or block valves 3.1.3 unit system self-contained system that has been assembled, filled ready for use and tested prior to its installation and is installed without need for connecting any refrigerant containing parts NOTE A unit system can include factory assembled companion or block valves. 3.1.4 limit charged system refrigerating system in which the internal volume and total refrigerant charge are such that, with the system idle, the allowable pressure will not be exceeded if complete evaporation of the refrigerant charge occurs 3.1.5 absorption or adsorption system refrigerating system in which refrigeration is achieved by evaporation of a refrigerant, the vapour then being absorbed or adsorbed by an absorbent or adsorbent medium respectively, from which it is subsequently
expelled at a higher partial vapour pressure by heating and then liquefied by cooling 3.1.6 secondary cooling or heating system system employing a fluid which transfers heat from the product or spaces to be cooled or heated or from
another cooling or heating system to the refrigerating system without compression and expansion of the fluid 3.1.7 closed system refrigerating system in which all refrigerant-containing parts are made tight by flanges, screwed fittings or
similar connections 3.1.8 sealed system refrigerating system in which all refrigerant containing parts are made tight by welding, brazing or a similar permanent connection NOTE A connection that is tightness tested for a leakage rate of less than 3 g refrigerant per year under a pressure of at least 0,25 × PS and where the mechanical joints are prevented from improper use by the need of a special tool, glue etc.) is considered as a similar permanent connection. This may include valves with seal cap and capped service ports. 3.1.9 high pressure side part of a refrigerating system operating at approximately the condenser or gascooler pressure 3.1.10 low pressure side part of a refrigerating system operating at approximately the evaporator pressure SIST EN 378-1:2008+A1:2011
EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010 (E) 9 3.1.11 mobile system refrigerating system which is normally in transit during operation NOTE Mobile systems include the following: refrigerating systems in vessels, e.g. refrigerated cargo systems in ships, refrigerating systems in fishing boats, air conditioning on board, refrigerating systems for provisions; transport
refrigerating systems, e.g. transport of refrigerated cargo by road, train and containers. 3.1.12 cascade system two or more independent refrigeration circuits where the condenser of one systems rejects heat directly to the evaporator of another 3.1.13 transcritical cycle refrigerating cycle whose compressor discharges refrigerant at a condition (pressure) above the critical point 3.1.14 assembly discrete unit with defined function (e.g. a condensing unit) made up from several components. Assemblies are often connected together on-site to make a complete system 3.1.15 component individual functional item or sub-assembly of a refrigerating system NOTE Does not include parts of sub-assemblies e.g. seals, fasteners. 3.2 Occupancies, localities 3.2.1 machinery room (location) complete enclosed room or space, vented by mechanical ventilation and only accessible to authorised
persons, which is intended for the installation of components of the refrigerating system or of the complete refrigerating system. Other equipment may also be installed provided it is compatible with the safety
requirements for the refrigerating system 3.2.2 special machinery room (location) machinery room intended only for the installation of the complete refrigerating system or components of the refrigerating system. It is accessible only to competent personnel for the purposes of maintenance and repair 3.2.3 occupied space (occupancy) complete enclosed space which is occupied for a significant period by people. Where the spaces around the apparent occupied space are, by construction or design, not adequately tight, these are also considered as part of the occupied space. These can be for example voids above false ceilings, crawl ways, ducts and
movable partitions. The occupied space may be accessible to the public (for example supermarket) or only to trained persons (for example cutting up of meat). In an occupied space, both parts of a refrigerating system or the complete refrigerating system may be located/installed 3.2.4 air lock isolating chamber provided with separate entrance and exit doors allowing passage from one place to another whilst isolating one from the other 3.2.5 lobby entrance hall or large hallway serving as a waiting room SIST EN 378-1:2008+A1:2011
EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010 (E) 10 3.2.6 hallway corridor for the passage of people 3.2.7 exit opening in the outer wall, with or without a door or gate 3.2.8 exit passageway passageway immediately in the vicinity of the exit through which people leave the building 3.2.9 cold room room or cabinet, maintained by a refrigerating system at a temperature lower than ambient temperature 3.2.10 direct connection connection between rooms where the dividing wall contains an opening, including those which can optionally be shut by a door, window or hatch 3.2.11 open air unenclosed space, whether roofed or not 3.2.12 escape duct duct indicated as an emergency exit 3.2.13 crawl space space that is in general accessed for maintenance only and where it is not possible to walk or access by
walking 3.3 Pressures 3.3.1 gauge pressure pressure for which the value is equal to the difference between the absolute pressure and atmospheric
pressure NOTE All pressures are gauge pressures, unless otherwise indicated. 3.3.2 maximum allowable pressure maximum pressure for which the equipment is designed, as specified by the manufacturer NOTE 1 Limit to the operating pressure which should not be exceeded either when the system is working or not. NOTE 2 The Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC identifies the maximum allowable pressure by the symbol "PS". NOTE 3 The subscript “max” is added to the symbol for maximum values. 3.3.3 design pressure pressure chosen for the derivation of the calculation pressure of each component NOTE It is used for determining the necessary materials, thickness and construction for components with regard to their ability to withstand pressure. SIST EN 378-1:2008+A1:2011
EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010 (E) 11 3.3.4 strength test pressure pressure that is applied to test the strength of a refrigerating system or any part of it 3.3.5 tightness test pressure pressure that is applied to test a system or any part of it for pressure tightness 3.3.6 surge limit pressure at which the volume flow of a centrifugal compressor becomes unstable 3.4 Components of refrigerating systems 3.4.1 refrigerating installation assembly of components of a refrigerating system and all the apparatus necessary for its operation 3.4.2 refrigerating equipment components forming a part of the refrigerating system, e.g. compressor, condenser, generator, absorber,
adsorber, liquid receiver, evaporator, surge drum 3.4.3 compressor device for mechanically increasing the pressure of a refrigerant vapour 3.4.4 motorcompressor fixed combination of electrical motor and compressor in one unit 3.4.4.1 hermetic motorcompressor combination of a compressor and electrical motor, both of which are enclosed in the same housing, with no external shaft or shaft seals, the electrical motor operating in a mixture of oil and refrigerant vapour 3.4.4.2 semihermetic (accessible hermetic) motorcompressor combination consisting of a compressor and electrical motor, both of which are enclosed in the same housing, having removable covers for access, but having no external shaft or shaft seals, the electrical motor operating in a mixture of oil and refrigerant vapour 3.4.4.3 canned rotor motorcompressor motorcompressor within a sealed housing not enclosing the motor windings and having no external shaft 3.4.5 open compressor compressor having a drive shaft penetrating the refrigerant-tight housing 3.4.6 positive displacement compressor compressor in which compression is obtained by changing the internal volume of the compression chamber 3.4.7 non-positive displacement compressor compressor in which compression is obtained without changing the internal volume of the compression
chamber SIST EN 378-1:2008+A1:2011
EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010 (E) 12 3.4.8 pressure vessel any refrigerant containing parts of a refrigerating system other than: semihermetic and open type compressors; coils (including their headers) consisting of pipes with air as secondary fluid; piping and its valves, joints and fittings; control devices; pressure switches, gauges, liquid indicators; safety valves, fusible plugs, bursting discs; pumps NOTE 1 This definition is in aligned to directive 97/23/EC. NOTE 2 The semihermetic and open type compressors used in refrigerating systems may be subject to the exclusion article 1.3.10 of the directive 97/23/EC of M29/05/1997 by referring to the working party group guidelines WPG 1/11, 1/12 and 2/34. 3.4.9 condenser heat exchanger in which vaporised refrigerant is liquefied by removal of heat 3.4.10 gas cooler heat exchanger in a transcritical system in which supercritical refrigerant is cooled by removal of heat 3.4.11 liquid receiver vessel permanently connected to a system by inlet and outlet pipes for accumulation of liquid refrigerant 3.4.12 accumulator vessel capable of holding liquid refrigerant and permanently connected between the exit of the evaporator and suction of the compressor 3.4.13 evaporator heat exchanger in which liquid refrigerant is vaporised by absorbing heat from the substance to be cooled 3.4.14 coil (grid) part of the refrigerating system constructed from bent or straight pipes or tubes suitably connected and
serving as a heat exchanger (evaporator or condenser) 3.4.15 compressor unit combination of one or more compressors and the regularly furnished accessories 3.4.16 condensing unit combination of one or more compressors, condensers, liquid receivers (when required) and the regularly
furnished accessories SIST EN 378-1:2008+A1:2011
EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010 (E) 13 3.4.17 surge drum vessel containing refrigerant at low pressure and temperature and connected by liquid feed and vapour
return pipes to an evaporator(s) 3.4.18 internal gross volume volume calculated from the internal dimensions of a vessel, no account being taken of the volume of any
internal parts 3.4.19 internal net volume volume calculated from the internal dimensions of a vessel, and excluding the volume of the permanent
internal parts 3.4.20 type approved component component for which examination is performed on one or more samples of this component in accordance with a recognised standard for type approval 3.5 Piping and joints 3.5.1 piping all piping covered in the scope of EN 14276-2 such as pipes or tubes (including hoses, bellows, fittings, or flexible pipes) for interconnecting the various parts of a refrigerating system 3.5.2 joint connection made between two parts 3.5.3 welded joint joint obtained by the joining of metal parts in the plastic or molten state 3.5.4 brazed joint joint obtained by the joining of metal parts with alloys which melt at temperatures in general higher than 450 °C but less than the melting temperatures of the joined parts 3.5.5 soldered joint joint obtained by the joining of metal parts with metallic mixtures or alloys which melt at temperatures in
general less than 450 °C 3.5.6 soft soldered joint joint obtained by joining of metal parts with metallic mixtures or alloys which melt below 200 °C 3.5.7 flanged joint joint made by bolting together a pair of flanged ends 3.5.8 flared joint metal-to-metal compression joint in which a conical spread is made on the end of the tube SIST EN 378-1:2008+A1:2011
EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010 (E) 14 3.5.9 compression joint joints which achieve tightness by deforming a compressing ring 3.5.10 pipe thread end pipe end with straight or tapered threads that achieves tightness with filling material or deformation of thread mount 3.5.11 header pipe or tube component of a refrigerating system to which several other pipes or tubes are connec
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