SIST-TP CEN/TR 15449:2006

Geographic information - Standards, specifications, technical reports and guidelines, required to implement Spatial Data Infrastructure

This Technical Report identifies the standards, technical specifications, technical reports and guidelines, required to implement a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) in Europe. It gives recommendations as to whether any of these items should become EN, and proposes a roadmap for future work items. It further provides recommendations for measures to be taken in order to support implementation and maintenance of a SDI. In so doing, the report addresses a range of topics, including:
-   multi-lingual aspects,
-   consistent identification of geographical items,
-   conformance testing,
-               geographic information metadata including catalogue service profile and guidelines, and
-   WMS and WFS profiles and guidelines.

Geoinformation - Normen, Spezifikationen, technische Berichte und Leitfäden zur Einführung von Geodateninfrastrukturen

Dieser Fachbericht benennt Normen und Standards, technische Spezifikationen, technische Berichte und Leitlinien, die zur Implementierung einer Geodateninfrastruktur (GDI) in Europa erforderlich sind. Er gibt Empfehlungen dazu, ob diese Dokumente Europäische Normen werden sollten und schlägt einen Fahrplan für künftige Normungsprojekte vor. Weiterhin werden Maßnahmen empfohlen, die zur Unterstützung der Implementierung und Pflege einer GDI zu treffen sind. Auf diese Weise spricht der Bericht eine Reihe von Themen an, darunter:
-   Mehrsprachigkeit;
-   einheitliche Identifizierung von Geoeinheiten;
-   Konformitätsprüfung;
-   Metadaten für geographische Informationen, einschließlich eines Profils für den Katalogdienst und Leitlinien für dessen Umsetzung;
-   WMS  und WFS-Profile und Leitlinien für deren Umsetzung.

Information géographique - Normes, spécifications, rapports techniques et lignes directrices, nécessaires a la mise en oeuvre d'une infrastructure d'information spatiale

Geografske informacije – Standardi, specifikacije, tehnična poročila in vodila, potrebna za implementacijo infrastrukture za prostorske podatke

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2006
• Withdrawal Date: 09-Oct-2011
• ICS: 07.040 - Astronomy. Geodesy. Geography
• ICS: 35.240.70 - IT applications in science
• Technical Committee: GIG - Geographic information
• Current Stage: 9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 05-Oct-2011
• Due Date: 28-Oct-2011
• Completion Date: 10-Oct-2011
• Ref Project: CEN/TR 15449:2006 - Geographic information - Standards, specifications, technical reports and guidelines, required to implement Spatial Data Infrastructure

Relations

• Replaced By: SIST-TP CEN/TR 15449:2011 - Geographic information - Standards, specifications, technical reports and guidelines, required to implement Spatial Data Infrastructures
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2011
• Replaced By: SIST-TP CEN/TR 15449:2011 - Geographic information - Standards, specifications, technical reports and guidelines, required to implement Spatial Data Infrastructures
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15449:2006
01-november-2006
*HRJUDIVNHLQIRUPDFLMH±6WDQGDUGLVSHFLILNDFLMHWHKQLþQDSRURþLODLQYRGLOD
SRWUHEQD]DLPSOHPHQWDFLMRLQIUDVWUXNWXUH]DSURVWRUVNHSRGDWNH
Geographic information - Standards, specifications, technical reports and guidelines,
required to implement Spatial Data Infrastructure
Geoinformation - Normen, Spezifikationen, technische Berichte und Leitfäden zur
Einführung von Geodateninfrastrukturen
Information géographique - Normes, spécifications, rapports techniques et lignes
directrices, nécessaires a la mise en oeuvre d'une infrastructure d'information spatiale
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 15449:2006
ICS:
07.040
35.240.70
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15449:2006 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 15449
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
August 2006
ICS 07.040; 35.240.70

English Version
Geographic information - Standards, specifications, technical
reports and guidelines, required to implement Spatial Data
Infrastructure
Information géographique - Normes, spécifications, Geoinformation - Normen, Spezifikationen, technische
rapports techniques et lignes directrices, nécessaires à la Berichte und Leitfäden zur Einführung von
mise en oeuvre d'une infrastructure d'information spatiale Geodateninfrastrukturen
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 24 June 2006. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 287.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 15449:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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CEN/TR 15449:2006 (E)
Contents Page

FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 SCOPE. 9
2 CONSIDERED STANDARDISATION INITIATIVES.9
3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS . 10
4 ABBREVIATED TERMS. 11
5 SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE AS AN IMPLEMENTATION-NEUTRAL FRAMEWORK . 13
5.1 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY . 13
5.2 STANDARDS AND INTEROPERABILITY. 13
5.3 GENERIC ARCHITECTURE MODEL. 14
5.4 DATA-CENTRIC VS SERVICE-CENTRIC . 15
5.5 SDI AS A DYNAMIC FRAMEWORK . 15
6 DATA-CENTRIC VIEW ON SDI. 16
6.1 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY . 16
6.2 DEVELOPMENT. 17
6.2.1 The model-driven approach. 17
6.2.2 Semantics. 18
6.2.3 Application schema. 18
6.2.4 Conceptual schema language . 19
6.2.5 Encoding. 20
6.2.6 Relevant standards. 20
6.3 DATA MANAGEMENT. 21
6.3.1 Metadata. 21
6.3.2 Accessing data . 22
6.3.3 Legacy datasets. 22
6.3.4 Consistent identification of geographical items. 22
6.3.5 Thematic identifiers . 24
7 SERVICE-CENTRIC VIEW ON SDI . 24
7.1 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY . 24
7.2 REGISTRIES AS THE SDI GLUE . 24
7.3 PUBLISH, FIND AND USE RESOURCES. 25
7.3.1 General . 25
7.3.2 Publishing geo-resources . 26
7.3.3 Finding geo-resources . 26
7.3.4 Using geo-resources . 26
7.4 INTEROPERABILITY. 26
7.4.1 General . 26
7.4.2 Explaining the concept. 27
7.4.3 Different types of interoperability. 27
7.5 SERVICE TAXONOMY . 27
7.6 SERVICE ARCHITECTURE . 28
7.6.1 Introduction . 28
7.6.2 Web services . 28
7.6.3 Services that do not apply Web Service Architecture . 29
7.6.4 When to apply WSA . 29
7.6.5 Other technologies. 30
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CEN/TR 15449:2006 (E)
7.6.6 UDDI or ebXML?.30
7.7 SERVICE CATALOGUE.30
7.8 SERVICE CHAINING .31
8 REFERENCE MODEL FOR A SDI .32
8.1 INTRODUCTION .32
8.2 VIEWPOINTS AND LEVELS OF ABSTRACTIONS.33
8.3 FRAMEWORK STANDARDS.36
8.3.1 General.36
8.3.2 Other geoprocessing services.36
8.4 SPATIAL DATA .36
8.4.1 General.36
8.4.2 Features.37
8.4.3 Coverages.40
8.5 METADATA AND CATALOGUE SERVICES .42
8.5.1 Overview .42
8.5.2 Abstract models.43
8.5.3 Implementation Specifications .44
8.5.4 Service metadata and registries .44
8.6 PORTRAYAL SERVICES .44
8.6.1 Overview .44
8.6.2 Abstract models.45
8.6.3 Implementation Specifications .45
8.7 GEOSPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEMS .46
8.7.1 General.46
8.7.2 Abstract models.46
8.7.3 Implementation specifications.47
8.7.4 Related services.48
9 MULTI-LINGUAL AND CULTURAL ADAPTABILITY.49
9.1 INTRODUCTION .49
9.2 MULTILINGUAL RESOURCE DISCOVERY .51
9.3 MULTILINGUAL EVALUATION OF RESOURCES .52
9.4 MULTILINGUAL ACCESS AND PROCESSING OF RESOURCES.52
9.5 CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC ADAPTABILITY IN THE COMMON UNDERSTANDING OF STANDARDS.53
10 GEO-PORTALS.53
11 IMPLEMENTATION STEERING MECHANISMS .55
11.1 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN.55
11.2 MONITORING .55
11.3 CONFORMANCE AND CONFORMANCE TESTING.56
11.3.1 General.56
11.3.2 EN ISO 19105 .56
11.3.3 Open Geospatial Consortium.57
11.3.4 Requirements for conformance testing.57
12 REQUIREMENTS NOT CURRENTLY COVERED SUFFICIENTLY BY GI STANDARDS .58
ANNEX A DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCED ISO STANDARDS, EN ISO STANDARDS, ISO PROJECTS
AND OGC SPECIFICATIONS .60
ANNEX B CROSS-REFERENCE OF CEN/TC 287 AND ISO/TC 211 STANDARDS AND REPORTS TO SDI
TOPICS.75
ANNEX C OPEN GEOSPATIAL CONSORTIUM.79
BIBLIOGRAPHY .81

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CEN/TR 15449:2006 (E)
Foreword
This Technical Report (CEN/TR 15449:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 287
“Geographic information”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.

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CEN/TR 15449:2006 (E)
Introduction
Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs)
The proposal of the European Commission for a Directive establishing a spatial data infrastructure for Europe
(INSPIRE) (European Commission 2004) defines a SDI as the metadata, spatial data sets and spatial data
services; network services and technologies; agreements on sharing, access and use; and coordination and
monitoring mechanisms, processes and procedures, established, operated or made available in an
interoperable manner.
This Technical Report focuses on the technical aspects of a SDI, thereby limiting the term SDI to mean a
platform- and implementation-neutral technological infrastructure for geospatial data and services, based upon
standards and specifications. This report does not consider a SDI as a carefully designed and dedicated
information system; rather, it is viewed as a collaborative framework of disparate information systems that
contain resources that stakeholders desire to share. The common denominator of SDI resources, which can
be data or services, is their spatial nature. It is understood that the framework is in constant evolution, and that
therefore the requirements for standards and specifications supporting SDI implementations evolve.
Intended readership
The intended readership of this report are those people who are responsible for creating frameworks for SDI,
experts contributing to INSPIRE, experts in information and communication technologies and e-government
that have to familiarize themselves with geographic information and SDI concepts, and standards developers
and writers.
Aim of the report
The aims of this report are three-fold:
 to identify the standards, specifications, technical reports and guidelines, required to implement a SDI in
Europe;
 to give recommendations as to whether any of these items should become EN, and to propose a
roadmap for future work items;
 to provide recommendations for measures to be taken in order to support implementation and
maintenance of a SDI.
Structure of the report
Existing material about SDIs abounds. This report structures and refers to this existing material. The criteria
used for determining if a given standard or specification is referred to in this report are:
• the publication is non- proprietary of nature, and
• the publication addresses an aspect of the SDI.
Based on the above considerations, and based on discussion within CEN/TC 287 Working Group SDI, the
following reports have been taken into account:
 documents produced by ISO/TC 211 (ISO/TC 211, 2005);
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CEN/TR 15449:2006 (E)
 documents produced by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), including the OpenGIS Reference
Model (ORM) (OGC, 2003);
 INSPIRE Architecture and Standards Position Paper (Smits, 2002);
 Geospatial Interoperability Reference Model (GIRM) (Evans, 2003);
 internal report of CEN/TC 287/WG5 Spatial Data Infrastructure on the use of standards in SDI projects
(August 2004);
 existing national guidelines based on the (EN) ISO 19100 series of standards.
Clauses 1 to 5 are introductory of nature, with the first four focusing on the scope, the considered
standardization initiatives, the terms and definitions, and the symbols and abbreviated terms, respectively.
Clause 5 explains what a SDI is.
The subsequent clauses cover the main concerns of a SDI in Europe. Clauses 6 and 7 give a data-centric and
a service-centric view on SDI. The data- and service-centric views are brought together in the Reference
Model for a SDI (Clause 8). Clause 9 addresses concerns related to multi-lingual and cultural adaptability,
followed by a clause dedicated to geo-portals (Clause 10). Clause 11 provides considerations that are
relevant for the implementation of SDI. Clause 12 identifies SDI aspects currently not covered by standards.
Management summary
In order for standards and specifications to be useful for implementing a SDI in Europe, it needs to be
straightforward to identify which standards are relevant in a particular situation, and the interpretation of
standards should be unambiguous. This Technical Report provides a framework for the identification of
standards, and gives a number of recommendations with the aim to enhance interoperability between
information systems that provide data and services in support of a SDI. The following paragraphs summarize
the recommendations of this Technical Report.
Recommended standards and documents
Standards and documents that are recommended for use within SDIs in Europe appear underlined in the
Reference Model (Clause 8). Standards that are not underlined are standards that are used or could be very
useful in some communities, but are not considered as a main component in a European SDI.
This Technical Report encourages the geographic information software industry to support standards for the
creation and management of geographic information and to implement appropriate interface specifications in
their products. At the same token, it is recommended that relevant standards be used in public procurement,
and that any findings related to the implementation of standards are fed back to the relevant standardization
bodies.
Registries
For the realisation of SDI in Europe, it is recommended to establish one or more registration authorities.
A SDI needs, like any other distributed information system, a reference frame. A reference frame is the
aggregation of the data needed by different components of the information systems. In a SDI context, the
reference frame concerns:
 the units of measures;
 the coordinate reference systems;
 the codelist definitions;
 the feature data dictionaries (see ISO 19126);
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CEN/TR 15449:2006 (E)
 the feature catalogues (see ISO 19110);
 the portrayal catalogues and related symbology registers.
It is recommended that registries are established for the above-listed information elements and geographical
items, and for:
 cultural and linguistic adaptability of metadata elements;
 European common data models;
 national data which are of interest in a cross border community or in a multilingual community.
Appropriate standards for registries for information elements and geographical items would need to be
identified or developed. Registries should be conformant to ISO 19135, Geographic information — Procedures
for registration of geographic information items.
In order to enable the cultural and linguistic adaptability (CLA) of metadata and common data models, it is
recommended to use unique names and codes for the information elements and the geographical items (e.g.
feature type). A number of practical suggestions related to CLA are given in Clause 9.
Data
 The model-driven approach is promoted for ESDI.
 Unique identifiers for use in a European SDI should be composed of a namespace and a Universally
Unique Identifier (UUID).
 ISO 19109 and referred standards are promoted as ESDI rules for specifying data structures and
semantics.
 UML class diagrams used according to ISO/TS 19103 is promoted as an ESDI conceptual schema
language.
 ISO 19136 (GML) is promoted as the ESDI encoding method when transferring geographic data.
 ISO 19139 is promoted as the ESDI encoding method when transferring information related to geographic
data such as metadata, feature catalogues, data dictionaries, …
Services
This Technical Report recommends that all services be categorized according to the ISO 19119 taxonomy.
This Technical Report recommends applying the Web Service Architecture (WSA), including WSDL, SOAP,
UDDI and XML when the following issues are considered to be important:
 components of information systems run on different platforms;
 the system consists of components from different vendors;
 the service is to be published and available on the internet;
 wrapping of existing services where these are exposed as web services;
 make existing services available for other applications on other platforms.
It is inappropriate to apply WSA when transferring large datasets.
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CEN/TR 15449:2006 (E)
Conceptual Schema Languages
This Technical Report encourages the use of UML.
If an information community applies a Conceptual Schema Language other than UML, it is the responsibility of
that information community to map the ISO general feature model to the meta-model of the Conceptual
Schema Language of choice, and to maintain the mapping rules, following the ISO/TS 19103 conformance
statement:
Non-UML schemas shall be considered conformant if there is a well-defined mapping from a model in the
source language into an equivalent model in UML and that this model in UML is conformant.
In order to provide a GML application schema, an application schema should be made by applying a
conceptual schema language, and the GML application schema should be derived from that conceptual model,
applying the rules for mapping from UML as described in Annex E of ISO 19136.
Conformance testing
It is recommended to establish a conformance authority charged with the conformance testing of
implementations of SDI elements in Europe.
Roadmap for new work
It is recommended that CEN/TC 287, in collaboration with ISO/TC 211 and OGC, start new work on the
following items:
 catalogue server;
 XML encoding of portrayal;
 quality aspects of services;
 standards for registries for geographical items, depending on the progress on ISO 19126;
 Digital Rights Management;
 the use of web services for the transfer of large datasets.
It is further recommended that before a given standard or specification be made mandatory in a European or
national legislation, the standard be implemented and tested.
Practical experience with the implementation of a given standard may reveal that a European profile thereof is
needed.
For example, based on interoperability experiments, CEN/TC 287 has identified that European profiles of
EN ISO 19115 (metadata) and ISO 19128 (Web Map Server interface) are needed in order to enhance
interoperability in Europe and started new work on these topics.
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CEN/TR 15449:2006 (E)
1 Scope
This Technical Report identifies the standards, technical specifications, technical reports and guidelines,
required to implement a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) in Europe. It gives recommendations as to whether
any of these items should become EN, and proposes a roadmap for future work items. It further provides
recommendations for measures to be taken in order to support implementation and maintenance of a SDI. In
so doing, the report addresses a range of topics, including:
 multi-lingual aspects,
 consistent identification of geographical items,
 conformance testing,
 geographic information metadata including catalogue service profile and guidelines, and
 WMS and WFS profiles and guidelines.
2 Considered standardisation initiatives
Being embedded in information and communication technology with a strong focus on geographic information,
a SDI will rely on a variety of standards (Figure 1). This Technical Report considers primarily material
produced by the following organisations and initiatives:
 International Organization for Standardization (ISO), including but not limited to ISO/TC 211 Geographic
Information / Geomatics;
 European Committee for Standardization (CEN), including CEN/TC 287 Geographic Information;
 Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC);
 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).

Figure 1 – The stack of standards in support of SDIs
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CEN/TR 15449:2006 (E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
conceptual formalism
set of modelling concepts used to describe a conceptual model
[EN ISO 19101:2005]
EXAMPLE UML meta model, EXPRESS meta model.
NOTE One conceptual formalism can be expressed in several conceptual schema languages.
3.2
conceptual model
model that defines concepts of a universe of discourse
[EN ISO 19101:2005]
3.3
conceptual schema
formal description o
...