iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
SIST

SIST EN 1991-3:2006/A101:2011

Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 3: Actions induced by cranes and machinery - National Annex

Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 3: Actions induced by cranes and machinery - National Annex

Specifies actions, self-weights and imposed loads (models and representative values) associated with hoists, crabs and cranes on runway beams, static and dynamic actions induced in supporting structures by machinery and permanent, variable and accidental actions induced by transport vehicles (forklifts, wheeled, tracked and rail transportation vehicles, devices for maintenance and helicopters).

Eurocode 1 - Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 3: Einwirkungen infolge von Kranen und Maschinen

Eurocode 1 - Actions sur les structures - Partie 3: Actions induites par les appareils de levage et les machines

Evrokod 1: Vplivi na konstrukcije – 3. del: Vpliv žerjavov in drugih strojev - Nacionalni dodatek

Določa vplive, lastne teže in zunanje obremenitve (modele in značilne vrednosti), povezane z dvigali, vitli in žerjavi na tekalnih progah, statične in dinamične vplive strojev na podporne konstrukcije in trajne, spremenljive in naključne vplive transportnih vozil (viličarjev, vozil s kolesi ali z gosenicami in vozil za prevoz po tirih, naprav za vzdrževanje in helikopterjev).

General Information

Status
Published
Public Enquiry End Date
29-Nov-2010
Publication Date
15-Mar-2011
ICS
91.010.30 - Technical aspects
Technical Committee
KON - Structures
Current Stage
7160 - Izvirni SIST - Izdaja (Local Project)
Start Date
10-Mar-2011
Due Date
15-Mar-2011
Completion Date
16-Mar-2011
Directive
TP237 - Pravilnik o spodnjem ustroju železniških prog
Ref Project

Buy Standard

EN 1991-3:2006/A101:2011EN 1991-3:2006/A101:2011
PreviousNext
National annex
EN 1991-3:2006/A101:2011
Slovenian language
2 pages
sale 10% off
Preview
sale 10% off
Preview
e-Library read for
1 day
EN 1991-3:2006/oA101:2010EN 1991-3:2006/oA101:2010
PreviousNext
Draft
EN 1991-3:2006/oA101:2010
Slovenian language
2 pages
sale 10% off
Preview
sale 10% off
Preview
e-Library read for
1 day

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 1991-3:2006/A101 april 2011
Evrokod 1: Vplivi na konstrukcije – 3. del: Vpliv žerjavov in drugih strojev –Nacionalni dodatek
Eurocode 1 – Actions on structures – Part 3: Actions induced by cranes and machinery –
National Annex
Eurocode 1 – Actions sur les structures – Partie 3: Actions induites par les appareils de levage et les machines
Eurocode 1 – Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke – Teil 3: Einwirkungen infolge von Kranen und Maschinen
Referenčna oznaka ICS 91.010.30 SIST EN 1991-3:2006/A101:2011 (sl)
Nadaljevanje na straneh 2 in 3
© 2011-04. Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.



SIST EN 1991-3:2006/A101 : 2011 2 NACIONALNI UVOD
Dopolnilo SIST EN 1991-3:2006/A101 (sl), Evrokod 1: Vplivi na konstrukcije – 3. del: Vpliv žerjavov in drugih strojev – Nacionalni dodatek, 2011, ima status dopolnila k standardu SIST EN 1991-3:2006.
NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR
Slovenski nacionalni standard SIST EN 1991-3:2006 je privzet evropski standard EN 1991-3:2006, ki ga je pripravil tehnični odbor Evropskega komiteja za standardizacijo CEN/TC 250 Konstrukcijski evrokodi, katerega tajništvo je v pristojnosti BSI. Dopolnilo SIST EN 1991-3:2006/A101:2011 je pripravil tehnični odbor SIST/TC KON Konstrukcije. To dopolnilo se lahko uporablja skupaj s standardom SIST EN 1991-3:2006 oziroma EN 1991-3:2006, ki v poglavju Nacionalni dodatek natančno določa poglavja za nacionalno izbiro.
Nacionalna izbira je v EN 1991-3:2006 dovoljena v: – 2.1.(2) – 2.5.2.1(2)
– 2.5.3(2) – 2.7.3(3) – A.2.2(1)
– A.2.2(2)
– A.2.3(1)
Nacionalni d
...

SLOVENSKI SIST EN 1991-3:2006/oA101

STANDARD november 2010












Evrokod 1: Vplivi na konstrukcije – 3. del: Vpliv žerjavov in drugih strojev –
Nacionalni dodatek

Eurocode 1 – Actions on structures – Part 3: Actions induced by cranes and
machinery – National Annex A101

Eurocode 1 – Actions sur les structures – Partie 3: Actions induites par les
appareils de levage et les machines

Eurocode 1 – Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke – Teil 3: Einwirkungen infolge von
Kranen und Maschinen



















Referenčna oznaka
ICS 91.010.30 SIST EN 1991-3:2006/oA101:2010 (sl)


Nadaljevanje na straneh 2 in 3



© 2010-11. Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN 1991-3:2006/oA101 : 2010
NACIONALNI UVOD

Dopolnilo SIST EN 1991-3:2006/A101 (sl), Evrokod 1: Vplivi na konstrukcije – 3. del: Vpliv žerjavov in
drugih strojev – Nacionalni dodatek, 2010, ima status dopolnila k standardu SIST EN 1991-3:2006.

NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR
Slovenski nacionalni standard SIST EN 1991-3:2006 je privzet evropski standard EN 1991-3:2006, ki ga
je pripravil tehnični odbor Evropskega komiteja za standardizacijo CEN/TC 250 Konstrukcijski
evrokodi, katerega tajništvo je v pristojnosti BSI.
Dopolnilo SIST EN 1991-3:2006/A101:2010 je pripravil tehnični odbor SIST/TC KON Konstrukcije.
To dopolnilo se lahko uporablja skupaj s standardom SIST EN 1991-3:2006 oziroma EN 1991-3:2006,
ki v poglavju Nacionalni dodatek natančno določa poglavja za nacionalno izbiro.

Nacionalna izbira je v EN 1991-3:2006 dovoljena v:
– 2.1.(2)
– 2.5.2.1(2)
– 2.5.3(2)
– 2.7.3(3)
– A.2.2(1)
– A.2.2(2)
– A.2.3(1)
Nacionalni dodatek vsebuje
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

SIST
SIST EN 1999-1-4:2023(Main)
Eurocode 9 - Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-4: Cold-formed structural sheeting
EN 1999-1-4:2023

1.1   Scope of EN 1999-1-4
(1)P   This document gives design requirements for cold-formed trapezoidal aluminium sheeting. It applies to cold-formed aluminium products made from hot rolled or cold rolled sheet or strip that have been cold-formed by such processes as cold-rolled forming or press-breaking.
NOTE 1   The rules in this part complement the rules in other parts of EN 1999-1.
NOTE 2    The execution of aluminium structures made of cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications is covered in EN 1090-5.
(2)   This document gives methods for stressed-skin design using aluminium sheeting as a structural diaphragm.
(3)   This document does not apply to cold-formed aluminium profiles like C- and Z- profiles nor cold-formed and welded circular or rectangular hollow sections.
(4)   This document gives methods for design by calculation and for design assisted by testing. The methods for the design by calculation apply only within stated ranges of material properties and geometrical properties for which sufficient experience and test evidence is available. These limitations do not apply to design by testing.
(5)   This document does not cover load arrangement for loads during execution and maintenance.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) For the design of new structures, prEN 1999 (all parts) is intended to be used, for direct application, together with EN 1990, EN 1991, EN 1992, EN 1993, EN 1994, EN 1995, EN 1997 and EN 1998.
EN 1999 (all parts) is intended to be used in conjunction with:
-   European Standards for construction products relevant for aluminium structures
-   EN 1090-1: Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures – Part 1: Requirements for conformity assessment of structural components
-   EN 1090-5: Technical requirements for cold-formed structural aluminium elements and cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications

  • Standard
    83 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
  • Draft
    82 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
SIST
SIST EN 1999-1-2:2023(Main)
Eurocode 9 - Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-2: Structural fire design
EN 1999-1-2:2023

1.1   Scope of EN 1999-1-2
(1)   EN 1999-1-2 deals with the design of aluminium structures for the accidental situation of fire exposure and is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1999-1-1, EN 1999-1-2, EN 1999-1-3, EN 1999-1-4 and EN 1999-1-5. This document only identifies differences from, or supplements to, normal temperature design.
(2)   EN 1999-1-2 applies to aluminium structures required to fulfil a load bearing function.
(3)   EN 1999-1-2 gives principles and application rules for the design of structures for specified requirements in respect of the aforementioned function and the levels of performance.
(4)   EN 1999-1-2 applies to structures, or parts of structures, that are within the scope of EN 1999 1 1 and are designed accordingly.
(5)   The methods given in EN 1999-1-2 are applicable to the following aluminium alloys:
EN AW-3004 - H34   EN AW-5083 - O and H12   EN AW-6063 - T5 and T6
EN AW-5005  -  O and H34   EN AW-5454 - O and H34   EN AW-6082 - T4 and T6
EN AW-5052  - H34      EN AW-6061 - T6   
(6)   The methods given in EN 1999-1-2 are applicable also to other aluminium alloy/tempers of EN 1999 1-1, if reliable material properties at elevated temperatures are available or the simplified assumptions in 5.2.1 are applied.
1.2   Assumptions
(1)   In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990, the following assumptions apply:
-   the choice of the relevant design fire scenario is made by appropriate qualified and experienced personnel, or is given by the relevant national regulation.
-   any active and passive fire protection systems taken into account in the design will be adequately maintained.
(2)   For the design of new structures, EN 1999 is intended to be used, for direct application, together with EN 1990, EN 1991, EN 1992, EN 1993, EN 1994, EN 1995, EN 1997, EN 1998 and EN 1999.
(3)   EN 1999 is intended to be used in conjunction with:
-   European Standards for construction products relevant for aluminium structures
-   EN 1090-1, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 1: Requirements for conformity assessment of structural components
-   EN 1090-3, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 3: Technical requirements for aluminium structures

  • Standard
    55 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
  • Draft
    53 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
SIST
SIST EN 1999-1-1:2023(Main)
Eurocode 9 - Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-1: General rules
EN 1999-1-1:2023

EN 1999 applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering and structural works made of aluminium. It complies with the principles and requirements for the safety and serviceability of structures, the basis of their design and verification that are given in EN 1990 – Basis of structural design.
EN 1999 is only concerned with requirements for resistance, serviceability, durability and fire resistance of aluminium structures. Other requirements, e.g. concerning thermal or sound insulation, are not considered.
EN 1999 is intended to be used in conjunction with:
—   EN 1990 Basis of structural design
—   EN 1991 Actions on structures
—   European Standards for construction products relevant for aluminium structures
—   EN 1090-1: Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures – Part 1: Requirements for conformity assessment of structural components
—   EN 1090-3: Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures – Part 3: Technical requirements for aluminium structures.
EN 1999-1-1 gives basic design rules for structures made of wrought aluminium alloys and limited guidance for cast alloys.
The following limits are recommended – if not otherwise explicitly stated in this standard:
   components with material thickness not less than 0,6 mm;
   welded components with material thickness not less than 1,5 mm;
   connections with:
—   steel bolts and pins with diameter not less than 5 mm;
—   aluminium bolts and pins with diameter not less than 8 mm;
—   rivets and thread forming screws with diameter not less than 3,9 mm

  • Standard
    371 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
  • Draft
    364 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
SIST
SIST EN 1990:2023(Main)
Eurocode - Basis of structural and geotechnical design
EN 1990:2023

(1) This document establishes principles and requirements for the safety, serviceability, robustness and durability of structures, including geotechnical structures, appropriate to the consequences of failure.
(2) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the other Eurocodes for the design of buildings and civil engineering works, including temporary structures.
(3) This document describes the basis for structural and geotechnical design and verification according to the limit state principle.
(4) Design and verification in this document are based primarily on the partial factor method.
NOTE 1   Alternative methods are given in the other Eurocodes for specific applications.
NOTE 2   The Annexes to this document also provide general guidance concerning the use of alternative methods.
(5) This document is applicable for:
—   structural appraisal of existing construction;
—   developing the design of repairs, improvements and alterations;
—   assessing changes of use.
(6) This document is applicable for the design of structures where materials or actions outside the scope of EN 1991 to EN 1999 are involved.
NOTE   In this case additional or amended provisions can be necessary.

  • Standard
    172 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
  • Draft
    115 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
SIST
SIST EN 1999-1-5:2023(Main)
Eurocode 9 - Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-5: Shell structures
EN 1999-1-5:2023

1.1   Scope of EN 1999 1 5
(1)   EN 1999 1 5 applies to the structural design of aluminium structures, stiffened and unstiffened, that have the form of a shell of revolution or of a round panel in monocoque structures.
(2)   EN 1999 1 5 covers additional provisions to those given in the relevant parts of EN 1999 for design of aluminium structures.
NOTE    Supplementary information for certain types of shells is given in EN 1993 1 6 and the relevant application parts which include:
-   Part 3-1 for towers and masts;
-   Part 3-2 for chimneys;
-   Part 4-1 for silos;
-   Part 4-2 for tanks;
-   Part 4-3 for pipelines.
(4)   The provisions in EN 1999 1 5 apply to axisymmetric shells (cylinders, cones, spheres) and associated circular or annular plates, beam section rings and stringer stiffeners, where they form part of the complete structure.
(5)   Single shell panels (cylindrical, conical or spherical) are not explicitly covered by EN 1999 1 5. However, the provisions can be applicable if the appropriate boundary conditions are duly taken into account.
(6)   Types of shell walls covered in EN 1999 1 5 can be (see Figure 1.1):
-   shell wall constructed from flat rolled sheet with adjacent plates connected with butt welds, termed ‘isotropic’;
-   shell wall with lap joints formed by connecting adjacent plates with overlapping sections, termed lap-jointed;
-   shell wall with stiffeners attached to the outside, termed ‘externally stiffened’ irrespective of the spacing of stiffeners;
-   shell wall with the corrugations running up the meridian, termed ‘axially corrugated’;
-   shell wall constructed from corrugated sheets with the corrugations running around the shell circumference, termed ‘circumferentially corrugated’.
(7)   The provisions of EN 1999 1 5 are intended to be applied within the temperature range defined in EN 1999 1 1. The maximum temperature is restricted so that the influence of creep can be neglected. For structures subject to elevated temperatures associated with fire see EN 1999 1 2.
(8)   EN 1999 1 5 does not cover the aspect of leakage.
1.2   Assumptions
(1)   The general assumptions of EN 1990 apply.
(2)   The provisions of EN 1999 1 1 apply.
(3)   The design procedures are valid only when the requirements for execution in EN 1090 3 or other equivalent requirements are complied with.
(4)   For the design of new structures, prEN 1999 (all parts) is intended to be used, for direct application, together with EN 1990, EN 1991, EN 1992, EN 1993, EN 1994, EN 1995, EN 1997 and EN 1998.
(5)   EN 1999 (all parts) is intended to be used in conjunction with:
-   European Standards for construction products relevant for aluminium structures
-   EN 1090 1: Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 1: Requirements for conformity assessment of structural components
-   EN 1090 3: Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures – Part 3: Technical requirements for aluminium structures

  • Standard
    75 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
  • Draft
    73 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
SIST
SIST EN 1999-1-3:2023(Main)
Eurocode 9 - Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-3: Structures susceptible to fatigue
EN 1999-1-3:2023

1.1 Scope of EN 1999-1-3
(1) This document gives the basis for the design of aluminium alloy structures subject to fatigue in the ultimate limit state.
(2) This document gives rules for:
- safe life design;
- damage tolerant design;
- design assisted by testing.
(3) This document does not cover pressurized containment vessels or pipework.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The general assumptions of EN 1990 apply.
(2) The provisions of EN 1999-1-1 apply.
(3) EN 1999-1-3 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), relevant parts in EN 1992 to EN 1999, EN 1090-1 and EN 1090-3 for requirements for execution, and ENs, EADs and ETAs for construction products relevant to aluminium structures.

  • Standard
    125 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
  • Draft
    125 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
SIST
SIST EN 1993-1-1:2023(Main)
Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
EN 1993-1-1:2022

1.1   Scope of EN 1993 1 1
(1) EN 1993 1 1 gives basic design rules for steel structures.
(2) It also gives supplementary provisions for the structural design of steel buildings. These supplementary provisions are indicated by the letter "B" after the paragraph number, thus (  )B.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to EN 1993 1 1.
(2) EN 1993 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), the parts of EN 1992 to EN 1999 where steel structures or steel components are referred to within those documents, EN 1090 2, EN 1090 4 and ENs, EADs and ETAs for construction products relevant to steel structures.

  • Standard
    120 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
  • Draft
    118 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
SIST
SIST-TS CEN/TS 19101:2023(Main)
Design of fibre-polymer composite structures
CEN/TS 19101:2022

1.1   Scope of FprCEN/TS 19101
(1) This document applies to the design of buildings, bridges and other civil engineering structures in fibre-polymer composite materials, including permanent and temporary structures. It complies with the principles and requirements for the safety, serviceability and durability of structures, the basis of their design and verification that are given in EN 1990.
NOTE   In this document, fibre-polymer composite materials are referred to as composite materials or as composites.
(2) This document is only concerned with the requirements for resistance, serviceability, durability and fire resistance of composite structures.
NOTE 1   Specific requirements concerning seismic design are not considered.
NOTE 2   Other requirements, e.g. concerning thermal or acoustic insulation, are not considered.
(3) This document gives a general basis for the design of composite structures composed of (i) composite members, or (ii) combinations of composite members and members of other materials (hybrid-composite structures), and (iii) the joints between these members.
(4) This document applies to composite structures in which the values of material temperature in members, joints and components in service conditions are (i) higher than -40 °C and (ii) lower than   - 20 °C, where   is the glass transition temperature of composite, core and adhesive materials, defined according to 5.1(1).
(5) This document applies to:
(i) composite members, i.e. profiles and sandwich panels, and
(ii) bolted, bonded and hybrid joints and their connections.
NOTE 1   Profiles and sandwich panels can be applied in structural systems such as beams, columns, frames, trusses, slabs, plates and shells.
NOTE 2   Sandwich panels include homogenous core and web-core panels. In web-core panels, the cells between webs can be filled (e.g. with foam) or remain empty (e.g. panels from pultruded profiles).
NOTE 3   This document does not apply to sandwich panels made of metallic face sheets.
NOTE 4   Built-up members can result from the assembly of two or more profiles, through bolting and/or adhesive bonding.
NOTE 5   The main manufacturing processes of composite members include pultrusion, filament winding, hand layup, resin transfer moulding (RTM), resin infusion moulding (RIM), vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM).
NOTE 6   This document does not apply to composite cables or special types of civil engineering works (e.g. pressure vessels, tanks or chemical storage containers).
(6) This document applies to:
(i) the composite components of composite members, i.e. composite plies, composite laminates, sandwich cores and plates or profiles, and
(ii) the components of joints or their connections, i.e. connection plates or profiles (e.g. cleats), bolts, and adhesive layers.
NOTE 1   Composite components are composed of composite materials (i.e. fibres and matrix resins) and core materials. Components of joints and their connections are also composed of composite, steel or adhesive materials.
NOTE 2   The fibre architecture of composite components can comprise a single type of fibres or a hybrid of two or more types of fibres.
NOTE 3   This document does not apply to composite components used for internal reinforcement of concrete structures (composite rebars) or strengthening of existing structures (composite rebars, strips or sheets).
(7) This document applies to composite materials, comprising:
(i) glass, carbon, basalt or aramid fibres, and
(ii) a matrix based on unsaturated polyester, vinylester, epoxy or phenolic thermoset resins.

  • Technical specification
    238 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
  • Draft
    238 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
SIST
SIST-TS CEN/TS 1993-1-101:2023(Main)
Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-101: Alternative interaction method for members in bending and compression
CEN/TS 1993-1-101:2022

(1) This document provides an alternative method for the stability verification of steel members under compression axial force and bending moment, with reference to EN 1993 1 1.
NOTE   For the applicability of this document, see Clause 4.
(2) The method given in this document applies to uniform steel members with double symmetric cross-section under axial compression force and bi-axial bending.

  • Technical specification
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
  • Technical specification
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
  • Draft
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
SIST
SIST EN 1996-1-1:2022(Main)
Eurocode 6 - Design of masonry structures - Part 1-1: General rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry structures
EN 1996-1-1:2022

(1) The basis for the design of building and civil engineering works in masonry is given in this Part 1-1 of EN 1996, which deals with unreinforced masonry, reinforced masonry and confined masonry. Principles for the design of prestressed masonry are also given. This Part 1-1 of EN 1996 is not valid for masonry elements with a plan area of less than 0,04 m2.
(2) For those types of structures not covered entirely, for new structural uses for established materials, for new materials, or where actions and other influences outside normal experience have to be resisted, the provisions given in this Part 1-1 of EN 1996 may be applicable, but may need to be supplemented.
(3) Part 1-1 of EN 1996 gives detailed rules which are mainly applicable to ordinary buildings. The applicability of these rules may be limited, for practical reasons or due to simplifications; any limits of applicability are given in the text where necessary.
(4) Part 1-1 of EN 1996 does not cover:
—   resistance to fire (which is dealt with in EN 1996-1-2);
—   particular aspects of special types of building (for example, dynamic effects on tall buildings);
—   particular aspects of special types of civil engineering works (such as masonry bridges, dams, chimneys or liquid-retaining structures);
—   particular aspects of special types of structures (such as arches or domes);
—   masonry where gypsum, with or without cement, mortars are used;
—   masonry where the units are not laid in a regular pattern of courses (rubble masonry);
—   masonry reinforced with other materials than steel.

  • Standard
    137 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day
  • Draft
    135 pages
    English language
    sale 10% off
    e-Library read for
    1 day