Gypsum elements for suspended ceilings - Definitions, requirements and test methods

This European Standard specifies the characteristics and performance of factory made cast gypsum elements, for which the main intended uses are the construction of suspended ceilings under universal substrates.
It covers the following product performance characteristics: reaction to fire, water vapour permeability, flexural strength (expressed as breaking load) and thermal resistance (expressed as thermal conductivity).
The following performance characteristics are linked to systems assembled with gypsum elements for suspended ceilings: fire resistance, direct airborne sound insulation and acoustic absorption, which can be measured according to the corresponding European test methods. If required, tests should be done on assembled system simulating the end use conditions.
This European Standard describes the reference tests for technical specifications.
This European Standard also covers additional technical characteristics that are of importance for the use and the acceptance of the product by the construction industry and the reference tests for these characteristics.
It provides for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard.
This European Standard does not cover metal ceiling grids or plasterboard products.
This European Standard excludes stiffening timber roof truss structure applications.

Gipselemente für Unterdecken (abgehängte Decken) - Begriffe, Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren

Diese Europäische Norm legt die Merkmale und Leistungen von werkmäßig formgegossenen Gipselementen fest, deren Haupt-Anwendungsbereich der Einbau in abgehängte Unterdecken unter üblichen Deckenkonstruktionen ist.
Sie behandelt die folgenden Leistungsmerkmale: Brandverhalten, Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit, Biegezugfestigkeit (ausgedrückt als Biegebruchlast) und Wärmedurchlasswiderstand (ausgedrückt als Wärmeleitfähigkeit).
Die folgenden Leistungsmerkmale beziehen sich auf Systeme, die mit Gipselementen für Unterdecken hergestellt sind: Feuerwiderstand, Luftschalldämmung, Schallabsorption, die nach den entsprechenden europäischen Prüfverfahren gemessen werden können. Falls erforderlich, sollten die Prüfungen an zusammengebauten Systemen durchgeführt werden, die den Gebrauchszustand simulieren.
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Referenz-Prüfverfahren für die technischen Spezifikationen fest.
Diese Europäische Norm behandelt darüber hinaus zusätzliche technische Eigenschaften, die für die Anwendung und Akzeptanz der Produkte durch die Bauwirtschaft wichtig sind, sowie die Referenzprüfverfahren für diese Eigenschaften.
Sie dient der Bewertung der Konformität der Produkte mit der vorliegenden Norm.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für Metall-Rasterdecken oder Gipsplattenprodukte.
Diese Europäische Norm schließt Anwendungen unter aussteifenden Holzdachbindern aus.

Eléments en plâtre pour plafonds suspendus - Définitions, spécifications et méthodes d'essai

La présente Norme européenne définit les caractéristiques et les performances des éléments en plâtre fabriqués en usine et destinés principalement a réaliser des plafonds suspendus sous des substrats universels.
Elle couvre les caractéristiques de performance suivantes : la réaction au feu, la perméabilité a la vapeur d’eau, la résistance a la flexion (exprimée en terme de charge de rupture) et la résistance thermique (exprimée en terme de conductibilité thermique).
Les caractéristiques de performance suivantes sont liées aux systemes assemblés a l’aide d’éléments en plâtre pour plafonds suspendus : la résistance au feu, l’isolation acoustique contre les bruits aériens directs et l’absorption acoustique a mesurer conformément aux méthodes d’essai européennes correspondantes. Si nécessaire, il convient de soumettre a essai le systeme assemblé en simulant les conditions d’utilisation finale.
La présente Norme européenne décrit les essais de référence de ces spécifications techniques.
Elle couvre également les caractéristiques techniques supplémentaires qui sont importantes en vue l’utilisation et de l’acceptation du produit par l’industrie du bâtiment ainsi que les essais de référence de ces caractéristiques.
La présente Norme européenne prévoit l’évaluation de la conformité des produits a la présente norme.
Elle ne couvre pas les ossatures métalliques pour plafonds ni les plaques de plâtre.
En sont également exclues les applications destinées au raidissement des fermes de charpentes en bois.

Mavčni elementi za viseče strope – Definicije, zahteve in preskusne metode

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2006
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
01-Sep-2006
Due Date
01-Sep-2006
Completion Date
01-Sep-2006

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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Gypsum elements for suspended ceilings - Definitions, requirements and test methodsEléments en plâtre pour plafonds suspendus - Définitions, spécifications et méthodes d'essaiGipselemente für Unterdecken (abgehängte Decken) - Begriffe, Anforderungen und PrüfverfahrenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14246:2006SIST EN 14246:2006en91.100.10Cement. Mavec. Apno. MaltaCement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar91.060.30Stropi. Tla. StopniceCeilings. Floors. StairsICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14246:200601-september-2006







EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14246June 2006ICS 91.100.10 English VersionGypsum elements for suspended ceilings - Definitions,requirements and test methodsEléments en plâtre pour plafonds suspendus - Définitions,spécifications et méthodes d'essaiGipselemente für Unterdecken (abgehängte Decken) -Begriffe, Anforderungen und PrüfverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 May 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14246:2006: E



EN 14246:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.4 Introduction.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references.6 3 Terms and definitions.7 4 Types of gypsum ceiling elements for suspended ceilings.8 4.1 General.8 4.2 Gypsum units.8 4.3 Gypsum tiles.10 5 Requirements.11 5.1 Fire behaviour.11 5.2 Water vapour permeability (expressed as water vapour resistance factor).12 5.3 Flexural strength (expressed as flexural breaking load).12 5.4 Acoustic properties.12 5.5 Thermal properties — Thermal resistance (expressed as thermal conductivity).12 5.6 Regulated substances.13 5.7 Appearance.13 5.8 Dimensions and tolerances.13 5.9 Squareness.14 5.10 Flatness (not for tiles with decorative face).14 5.11 Mass per unit of surface and tolerance.14 5.12 Moisture content.14 5.13 pH.14 6 Test methods.15 6.1 Sampling.15 6.2 Preparation of the test specimens.15 6.3 Determination of flexural strength.15 6.4 Determination of surface appearance.17 6.5 Measurement of dimensions.17 6.6 Determination of squareness.20 6.7 Determination of flatness (not for gypsum elements with decorated faces).21 6.8 Determination of the mass per surface unit.21 6.9 Determination of the moisture content.22 6.10 pH measurement.22 6.11 Test report.22 7 Evaluation of conformity.23 7.1 General.23 7.2 Type testing.23 7.3 Factory production control (FPC).24 8 Designation.25 9 Marking, labelling and packaging.26 Annex A (informative)
Sampling procedure for testing.27 A.1 General.27 A.2 Sampling procedure.27



EN 14246:2006 (E) 3 Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing provisions of EU Construction Products Directive.29 ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics.29 ZA.2 Attestation and declaration of conformity of gypsum elements for suspended ceilings.31 ZA.3 CE Marking and labelling.33 Bibliography.35



EN 14246:2006 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 14246:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 241 “Gypsum and gypsum based products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2008. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.



EN 14246:2006 (E) 5 Introduction Gypsum elements for suspended ceiling are composed of gypsum plaster; they are used for suspended ceilings for interior applications as units or tiles. Diagram 1 shows the relationship between this European Standard and the package of standards prepared to support the family of gypsum products.
Diagram 1 — Family of gypsum products



EN 14246:2006 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the characteristics and performance of factory made cast gypsum elements, for which the main intended uses are the construction of suspended ceilings under universal substrates. It covers the following product performance characteristics: reaction to fire, water vapour permeability, flexural strength (expressed as breaking load) and thermal resistance (expressed as thermal conductivity). The following performance characteristics are linked to systems assembled with gypsum elements for suspended ceilings: fire resistance, direct airborne sound insulation and acoustic absorption, which can be measured according to the corresponding European test methods. If required, tests should be done on assembled system simulating the end use conditions. This European Standard describes the reference tests for technical specifications. This European Standard also covers additional technical characteristics that are of importance for the use and the acceptance of the product by the construction industry and the reference tests for these characteristics. It provides for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard. This European Standard does not cover metal ceiling grids or plasterboard products. This European Standard excludes stiffening timber roof truss structure applications. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references; the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 1: Classification using test data from reaction to fire tests EN 13501-2, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 2: Classification using data from fire resistance tests, excluding ventilation services EN ISO 140-3, Acoustics — Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 3: Laboratory measurements of airborne sound insulation of buildings elements (ISO 140-3:1995) EN ISO 354, Acoustics — Measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room (ISO 354:2003) EN ISO 717-1, Acoustics — Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 1: Airborne sound insulation (ISO 717-1:1996) EN ISO 9001:2000, Quality management systems — Requirements (ISO 9001:2000)



EN 14246:2006 (E) 7 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 suspended ceiling sub-structural building element fixed and installed under load bearing components of a building or structure with the objective to provide final characteristics and performance 3.2 ceiling substructure suspended frame which support the gypsum ceiling element 3.3 gypsum element for suspended ceilings factory made building element produced from calcium sulphate and water. It may incorporate additives, aggregates and protected mineral fibre, tissue or glass fibre NOTE Gypsum elements for suspended ceilings include: units (see 4.2) and tiles (see 4.3), and can be manufactured with reinforced edges and profiles. 3.4 face surface intended to be exposed when installed 3.5 back surface intended to be concealed. It may be plain and smooth or rough with ribs to improve the strength 3.6 grid metal profile sections, assembled in geometric formations to provide support for units or tiles NOTE Specifications of grids are indicated in EN 13964. 3.7 reinforcement internal component of the gypsum ceiling element to improve cohesion, strength and durability 3.8 integral hanger metal wire or strap attached to or embedded in the rough surface (back). Conforming to EN 13964, used to hang the gypsum ceiling element on the anchorage elements of the substructure 3.9 fixing pad scrim comprising natural fibres impregnated with gypsum plaster and extended to form a grip or handle 3.10 mineral fibre mat material incorporated in the product providing cohesion, to improve spanning characteristics and durability 3.11 dimensions  length (L): longest side of the element;  width (W): shortest side of the element;



EN 14246:2006 (E) 8  total thickness (a) (see Table 2): distance between the face and the back; 
minimum thickness on the edge: distance between the back and the surface of bearing. 4 Types of gypsum ceiling elements for suspended ceilings 4.1 General Two general kinds of gypsum elements for suspended ceilings are defined: 4.2 Gypsum units 4.2.1 General Rectangular gypsum elements with a flat and smooth face used to make a flat and continuous ceiling. Two types are defined: 4.2.2 Traditional unit Unit with four straight edges. It may be available with bevelled edges (see Figure 1). These units always incorporate integral hangers. NOTE Edges can be square or bevelled.



EN 14246:2006 (E) 9 Figure 1 — Ceiling unit (traditional) 4.2.3 Unit with rebated edges Unit with the longitudinal edges rebated and the rim edges reinforced (see Figure 2). These units have also reinforced rim edges and protruding ribs on the rough face and may incorporate integral hangers. NOTE Edges can be square or bevelled.



EN 14246:2006 (E) 10
Figure 2 — Ceiling unit (with rebated edges) 4.3 Gypsum tiles 4.3.1 General Gypsum elements square or rectangular, the surface of which may be plain, patterned or textured. The surface may be perforated to improve sound absorption properties. Perforated tiles may be backed with a protected mineral fibre mat. These tiles are used on metallic grids fixed to the substructure. Following types are defined according with the edges and profiles: 4.3.2 Square edge, type A: exposed grid (see Figure 3).



EN 14246:2006 (E) 11
Figure 3 — Square edge tiles 4.3.3 Rebated, bevelled edge, type B: semi-concealed grid (see Figure 4).
Figure 4 — Rebated, bevelled edge tiles 4.3.4 Kerfed, rebated edge, type C: concealed grid (see Figure 5).
Figure 5 — Kerfed, rebated edge tiles 5 Requirements 5.1 Fire behaviour 5.1.1 Reaction to fire When the intended use of gypsum ceiling elements for suspended ceilings is for exposed situations in building construction work, gypsum ceiling elements are classified A.1 (no contribution to fire) without testing when they content less than 1 % by weight or volume (whichever is the more onerous) of organic material.



EN 14246:2006 (E) 12 If they contain more than 1 % by weight or volume of organic material, they shall be tested in accordance with EN 13501-1. 5.1.2 Resistance to fire NOTE Resistance to fire is a characteristic dependant on an assembled system and not of the product in isolation. When required, the fire resistance of a system including gypsum ceiling elements shall be determined and classified in accordance with EN 13501-2. 5.2 Water vapour permeability (expressed as water vapour resistance factor) When the intended use of gypsum ceiling element is for moisture diffusion control, tabulated design values of water resistance factor given in EN 12524 may be used. 5.3 Flexural strength (expressed as flexural breaking load) Gypsum ceiling elements when tested according to the method given in 6.3, shall support without damage the following loads:  gypsum ceiling tiles: 6 kg;  gypsum units: 4 kg. 5.4 Acoustic properties 5.4.1 Direct airborne sound insulation NOTE Direct airborne sound insulation is a characteristic dependant on an assembled system and not of the product in isolation. When required, the direct airborne sound insulation of an installed system including gypsum ceiling elements shall be calculated according to EN ISO 717-1 starting from the results of measurements obtained by the frequency bands according to the test methods of EN ISO 140-3. 5.4.2 Acoustic absorption NOTE Acoustic absorption is a characteristic dependant on an assembled system and not of the product in isolation. When gypsum ceiling elements are intended to be used for acoustic conditioning, acoustic absorption shall be measured in accordance with EN ISO 354. 5.5 Thermal properties — Thermal resistance (expressed as thermal conductivity) When the intended use of gypsum ceilings elements is to contribute to thermal resistance in building construction works the design values of thermal conductivity are given in Table 1.



EN 14246:2006 (E) 13 Table 1 — Design values of thermal conductivity of gypsum plaster Gross dry density d Thermal conductivity of the product (when in equilibrium at 23 °C and 50 % RH) kg/m3 W/m⋅⋅⋅⋅K 600 0,18 700 0,22 800 0,26 900 0,30 1 000 0,34 1 100 0,39 1 200 0,43 1 300 0,47 1 400 0,51 1 500 0,56 NOTE
Volume is calculated from length, width and thickness determined in 6.5. 5.6 Regulated substances Materials used in products shall not release any dangerous substances in excess of the maximum permitted levels specified in a relevant document for the material or permitted in the national regulations of the member state of destination. 5.7 Appearance The face of gypsum ceiling elements shall be free from visible surface imperfections such as cavities, stains and efflorescences. 5.8 Dimensions and tolerances Gypsum ceiling elements for suspended ceilings dimensions shall be determined by their length, width and thickness(s) and shall be declared by the producer as nominal dimensions. Tables 2 and 3 give the common dimensions and tolerances for gypsum ceilings units and gypsum tiles according to their type and the edge profiles, when determined in accordance with 6.5. Dimensions of each specimen (as defined in 6.1) shall be within the tolerances given in Tables 2 and 3. Table 2 — Gypsum ceiling units - Dimensions and tolerances Gypsum ceiling units Preferred nominal dimensions
Tolerance
mm mm Length 1 000 to 1 500 ± 3 Width 600 to 1 000 ± 3 Total thickness 12 - 15 or 20 ± 2



EN 14246:2006 (E) 14 Table 3 — Gypsum ceiling tiles - Dimensions and tolerances Modular preferred dimensions and tolerances mm Types of tile edges and profiles A B C Gypsum ceiling tiles Dimensions
Tolerance Dimensions Tolerance Dimensions Tolerance Length
600 or 1 200 ± 2 600 or 1 200 ± 2 600 ± 2 Width
600 ± 2 600 ± 2 600 ± 2 Total thickness
15 ± 2 22 ± 2 30 ± 2 Minimum thickness (on the edge) 8 8 8 NOTE Dimensions of gypsum ceiling tiles should conform to dimensions of metallic grids defined by EN 13964. 5.9 Squareness The deviation from the squareness of the gypsum ceiling elements when determined in accordance with 6.6 shall be less than 1 mm on any side. 5.10 Flatness (not for tiles with decorative face) The deviation from the horizontal face when tested in accordance with 6.7 shall not be greater than 1 mm in 1 000 mm length on the diagonal. 5.11 Mass per unit of surface and tolerance The producer declares the mass per unit of surface (mass per square meter) of his gypsum ceiling element. When determined in accordance with 6.8, the mean mass per unit of surface of the gypsum ceilings elements shall not deviate by more than 5 % from the declared value. 5.12 Moisture content The mean moisture content of the gypsum elements for suspended ceilings shall be measured at the time of the departure from the plant. When sampled in accordance with 6.1 and tested in accordance with 6.9, the mean moisture content shall not exceed 6 %, with no individual value exceeding 8 %. 5.13 pH When sampled in accordance with 6.1 and tested in accordance with 6.10 the surface pH of each gypsum element shall be between 6,5 and 10,5.



EN 14246:2006 (E) 15 6 Test methods 6.1 Sampling A minimum of three specimens of gypsum elements for suspended ceilings shall be subjected to the physical, chemical and mechanical tests (6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, and 6.10). 6.2 Preparation of the test specimens Before testing weigh all the specimens and then dry to constant mass for the determination of the residual moisture content. The drying to constant mass1) shall be carried out according to one of the following methods: A - Storage in a ventilated room at (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % of relative humidity. B - Storage in a drying cabinet at (40 ± 2) °C prior to cooling to room temperature. 6.3 Determination of flexural strength 6.3.1 Principle The flexural strength of the gypsum ceiling element is determined by its ability to support a load under defined conditions without damage. 6.3.2 Apparatus (see Figure 6) a) test frame consisting of two parallel an level supports adjusted to the size of the gypsum ceiling element to be tested and about 500 mm above the floor; b) loading roller (600 ± 25) mm long and with a mass of 4 000 g ± 100 g; c) loading roller (600 ± 25) mm long and a mass of 6 000 g ± 100 g. 6.3.3 Procedure Dry the gypsum ceiling element to constant mass using one of the methods given in 6.2 and place it with its face on the supports. The spacing of the supports is given in Table 4. Place the loading roller on the centre of the tile and parallel to the supports. After 30 min remove the roller and examine the tile.
1) Constant mass is defined as two successive weightings 24 h apart differing by less than 0,1 %.



EN 14246:2006 (E) 16 Table 4 — Spacing of supports Type of gypsum element
Loading roller Spacing of supports
kg mm Tile with exposed grid (width of the profile:24mm) 6
576 a Tile with semi-concealed grid (width of the profile15 mm) 6
585 a Tile with concealed grid (width of the profile 15 mm) 6 585 a
1 176 Units b 4
976 a For tiles the spacing of supports: length or width of the tile minus width of the profile: e.g.: 600-15=585. b For units the spacing of the supports: length (1 200 or 1 000 ) minus 24. When units have tongues and grooves, spacing support will be calculated without tongues and groves.
Figure 6 — Determination of flexural strength
6.3.4 Expression of results The gypsum ceiling element complies with, if it supports the load without breaking or cracking.



EN 14246:2006 (E) 17 All effects observed during the test shall be recorded. 6.4 Determination of surface appearance Observe the face of each piece at a distance of 300 mm. Record any changes. 6.5 Measurement of dimensions 6.5.1 Length 6.5.1.1 Principle The longer dimension of the face of gypsum elements for suspended ceilings is measured. 6.5.1.2 Apparatus Metal rule or a metal tape permitting readings to 1 mm. 6.5.1.3 Procedure Measure the length of each specimen parallel to the edges on the ends and in the centre (see Figure 7 a). 6.5.1.4 Expression of results The length of each specimen is the mean value of the three measurements and expressed in mm. 6.5.2 Width 6.5.2.1 Principle The shorter dimension of the face of gypsum elements for suspended ceilings is measured. 6.5.2.2 Apparatus Metal rule or a metal tape graduated in mm permitting a reading to 1 mm. 6.5.2.3 Procedure Measure the width of each specimen parallel to the edges on the ends and in the centre (see Figure 7 b). 6.5.2.4 Expression of results The width of each specimen is the mean value of the tree measurements and expressed in mm. 6.5.3 Thickness 6.5.3.1 Total thickness 6.5.3.1.1 Principle The distance between the face and the back is measured.



EN 14246:2006 (E) 18 6.5.3.1.2 Apparatus Vernier caliper permitting a reading to 0,1 mm. 6.5.3.1.3 Procedure Measure the total thickness two times on each edge of the gypsum element as indicated in Figure 7 c. 6.5.3.1.4 Expression of results The total thickness of each specimen is the mean value of the two measurements and expressed in mm. 6.5.3.2 Thickness on the edge 6.5.3.2.1 Principle The distance between the face and the back on the edge is measured. 6.5.3.2.2 Apparatus Vernier caliper permitting a reading to 0,1 mm. 6.5.3.2.3 Procedure Measure the thickness on the edge two times on each edge of the gypsum element as indicated in Figure 7 c. 6.5.3.2.4 Expression of results The thickness on the edge of each specimen is the mean value of the two measurements and expressed in millimetres.



EN 14246:2006 (E) 19
a) — Measurement of length
b) — Measurement of width
c) — Measurement of thickness Figure 7 — Measurement of dimensions



EN 14246:2006 (E) 20 6.6 Determination of squareness 6.6.1 Principle The squareness of the gypsum elements for suspended ceilings is determined by comparing each of the four angles with the angle of a steel straight edge set square. 6.6.2 Apparatus Steel set square. One perpendicular edge of the square shall be 500 mm long; micrometer permitting readings to 0,1 mm. 6.6.3 Procedure Place each element on a flat surface. Place on each of the four angles the steel set square and measure the deviations at 500 mm on the vertical (see Figure 8).
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 8 — Squareness measurement



EN 14246:2006 (E) 21 6.6.4 Expression of results Record the deviations indicating if they are greater, equal or less than 1 mm. 6.7 Determination of flatness (not for gypsum elements with decorated faces) 6.7.1 Principle The gypsum element is placed on a flat surface and the maximum distance between the face of the element and the flat surface is measured. 6.7.2 Apparatus Metal rule with a straightness tolerance of ± 0,05 mm; flat and smooth surface; feeler gauges. 6.7.3 Procedure Place the gypsum ceiling element on the flat and smooth surface. Apply the rule parallel to the flat surface on the diagonals of the element and introduce the gauges in the gap between the rule and the tile face. Measure the three largest gaps on each diagonal. 6.7.4 Expression of results The deviation from the flatness is the mean of the measured values expressed in millimetres of the three specimens. 6.8 Determination of the mass per surface unit 6.8.1 Principle Three specimens are weighed prior to conditioning (mass M1) and after conditioning (mass M2). 6.8.2 Apparatus Balance permitting readings to 10 g. 6.8.3 Procedure Weigh the specimen, note the mass M1 and then submit them to conditioning according to 6.2. Weigh again and note the mass M2. 6.8.4 Expression of results The mass in kilograms per square meter is given by the expression: M2 / L × W × 100 where M2 is the mass in kilograms determined according to 6.8.3; L is the length in mm (see 6.5.1);



EN 14246:2006 (E) 22 W is the width in mm (see 6.5.2). The mass per square meter is the mean of the three values obtained. 6.9 Determination of the moisture content 6.9.1 Principle The mass of a gypsum element for suspended ceilings is measured prior and after drying to constant mass in accordance with 6.2. 6.9.2 Expression of the results The moisture content of each specimen is calculated as a percentage of the mass M2 on the basis of the values M1 and M2 measured as indicated in 6.8.3 by the following equation: 100M2M2)(M3 moisture %×−= The moisture content is the mean of the three determined values. 6.10 pH measurement 6.10.1 Principle The pH value is measured on a dispersion in water of specimens taken from three gypsum elements. 6.10.2 Appara
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