SIST EN ISO 20785-2:2017
(Main)Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft - Part 2: Characterization of instrument response (ISO 20785-2:2011)
Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft - Part 2: Characterization of instrument response (ISO 20785-2:2011)
ISO 20785-1:2011 specifies methods and procedures for characterizing the responses of devices used for the determination of ambient dose equivalent for the evaluation of exposure to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft. The methods and procedures are intended to be understood as minimum requirements.
Dosimétrie de l'exposition au rayonnement cosmique dans l'aviation civile - Partie 2: Caractérisation de la réponse des instruments (ISO 20785-2:2011)
La présente partie de l'ISO 20785 spécifie les méthodes et les modes opératoires permettant de caractériser les réponses des dispositifs utilisés pour déterminer l'équivalent de dose ambiant en vue de l'évaluation de l'exposition au rayonnement cosmique à bord d'un avion civil. Les méthodes et les modes opératoires doivent être considérés comme des exigences minimales.
Dozimetrija za merjenje izpostavljenosti kozmičnemu sevanju v civilnem letalskem prometu - 2. del: Karakterizacija odziva instrumenta (ISO 20785-2:2011)
Standard ISO 20785-1:2011 določa metode in postopke za karakterizacijo odzivov naprav, ki se uporabljajo za določanje okoljskega ekvivalentnega odmerka za ocenjevanje izpostavljenosti kozmičnemu sevanju v civilnem letalskem prometu. Metode in postopke je treba obravnavati kot minimalne zahteve.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 20785-2:2017
01-december-2017
'R]LPHWULMD]DPHUMHQMHL]SRVWDYOMHQRVWLNR]PLþQHPXVHYDQMXYFLYLOQHPOHWDOVNHP
SURPHWXGHO .DUDNWHUL]DFLMDRG]LYDLQVWUXPHQWD ,62
Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft - Part 2: Characterization
of instrument response (ISO 20785-2:2011)
Dosimétrie de l'exposition au rayonnement cosmique dans l'aviation civile - Partie 2:
Caractérisation de la réponse des instruments (ISO 20785-2:2011)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 20785-2:2017
ICS:
17.240 Merjenje sevanja Radiation measurements
49.020 Letala in vesoljska vozila na Aircraft and space vehicles in
splošno general
SIST EN ISO 20785-2:2017 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 20785-2:2017
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SIST EN ISO 20785-2:2017
EN ISO 20785-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 49.020; 13.280
English Version
Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian
aircraft - Part 2: Characterization of instrument response
(ISO 20785-2:2011)
Dosimétrie de l'exposition au rayonnement cosmique
dans l'aviation civile - Partie 2: Caractérisation de la
réponse des instruments (ISO 20785-2:2011)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 September 2017.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 20785-2:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN ISO 20785-2:2017 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 20785-2:2017
EN ISO 20785-2:2017 (E)
European foreword
The text of ISO 20785-2:2011 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85 “Nuclear energy,
nuclear technologies, and radiological protection” of the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 20785-2:2017 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 430 “Nuclear
energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 20785-2:2011 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 20785-2:2017 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 20785-2:2017
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20785-2
First edition
2011-06-01
Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic
radiation in civilian aircraft —
Part 2:
Characterization of instrument response
Dosimétrie de l'exposition au rayonnement cosmique dans l'aviation
civile —
Partie 2: Caractérisation de la réponse des instruments
Reference number
ISO 20785-2:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
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SIST EN ISO 20785-2:2017
ISO 20785-2:2011(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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ISO 20785-2:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
3.1 General terms .2
3.2 Terms related to quantities and units .7
3.3 Terms related to the atmospheric radiation field.11
4 General considerations.12
4.1 The cosmic radiation field in the atmosphere.12
4.2 General considerations for the dosimetry of the cosmic radiation field in aircraft and
requirements for the characterization of instrument response .14
4.3 General considerations for measurements at aviation altitudes .15
5 Calibration fields and procedures .16
5.1 General considerations.16
5.2 Characterization of an instrument .18
5.3 Instrument-related software .21
6 Uncertainties.22
7 Remarks on performance tests.22
Annex A (informative) Representative particle fluence energy distributions for the cosmic
radiation field at flight altitudes for solar minimum and maximum conditions and for
minimum and maximum vertical cut-off rigidity .23
Annex B (informative) Radiation fields recommended for use in calibrations.25
Annex C (informative) Comparison measurements .29
Annex D (informative) Charged-particle irradiation facilities.31
Bibliography.32
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ISO 20785-2:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 20785-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and
radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiological protection.
ISO 20785 consists of the following parts, under the general title Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation
in civilian aircraft:
⎯ Part 1: Conceptual basis for measurements
⎯ Part 2: Characterization of instrument response
A Part 3 dealing with measurements at aviation altitudes is in preparation.
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Introduction
Aircraft crews are exposed to elevated levels of cosmic radiation of galactic and solar origin and secondary
radiation produced in the atmosphere, the aircraft structure and its contents. Following recommendations of
[1] [2]
the International Commission on Radiological Protection in Publication 60 , confirmed by Publication 103 ,
[3]
the European Union (EU) introduced a revised Basic Safety Standards Directive which included exposure to
natural sources of ionizing radiation, including cosmic radiation, as occupational exposure. The Directive
requires account to be taken of the exposure of aircraft crew liable to receive more than 1 mSv per year. It
then identifies the following four protection measures: (i) to assess the exposure of the crew concerned; (ii) to
take into account the assessed exposure when organizing working schedules with a view to reducing the
doses of highly exposed crew; (iii) to inform the workers concerned of the health risks their work involves; and
(iv) to apply the same special protection during pregnancy to female crew in respect of the “child to be born”
as to other female workers. The EU Council Directive has already been incorporated into laws and regulations
of EU member states and is being included in the aviation safety standards and procedures of the Joint
Aviation Authorities and the European Air Safety Agency. Other countries, such as Canada and Japan, have
issued advisories to their airline industries to manage aircraft crew exposure.
For regulatory and legislative purposes, the radiation protection quantities of interest are equivalent dose (to
the foetus) and effective dose. The cosmic radiation exposure of the body is essentially uniform, and the
maternal abdomen provides no effective shielding to the foetus. As a result, the magnitude of equivalent dose
to the foetus can be put equal to that of the effective dose received by the mother. Doses on board aircraft are
generally predictable, and events comparable to unplanned exposure in other radiological workplaces cannot
normally occur (with the rare exceptions of extremely intense and energetic solar particle events). Personal
dosemeters for routine use are not considered necessary. The preferred approach for the assessment of
doses of aircraft crew, where necessary, is to calculate directly the effective dose per unit time, as a function
of geographic location, altitude and solar cycle phase, and to combine these values with flight and staff roster
information to obtain estimates of effective doses for individuals. This approach is supported by guidance from
[4]
the European Commission and the ICRP in Publication 75 .
The role of calculations in this procedure is unique in routine radiation protection, and it is widely accepted that
[5]
the calculated doses should be validated by measurement . Effective dose is not directly measurable. The
operational quantity of interest is the ambient dose equivalent, H*(10). In order to validate the assessed doses
obtained in terms of effective dose, calculations can be made of ambient dose equivalent rates or route doses
in terms of ambient dose equivalent, and values of this quantity determined by measurements traceable to
national standards. The validation of calculations of ambient dose equivalent for a particular calculation
method may be taken as a validation of the calculation of effective dose by the same computer code, but this
step in the process might need to be confirmed. The alternative is to establish, a priori, that the operational
quantity ambient dose equivalent is a good estimator of effective dose and equivalent dose to the foetus for
the radiation fields being considered, in the same way that the use of the operational quantity personal dose
equivalent is justified for the estimation of effective dose for radiation workers.
The radiation field in aircraft at altitude is complex, with many types of ionizing radiation present, with energies
ranging up to many GeV. The determination of ambient dose equivalent for such a complex radiation field is
difficult. In many cases, the methods used for the determination of ambient dose equivalent in aircraft are
similar to those used at high-energy accelerators in research laboratories. Therefore, it is possible to
recommend dosimetric methods and methods for the calibration of dosimetric devices, as well as the
techniques for maintaining the traceability of dosimetric measurements to national standards. Dosimetric
measurements made to evaluate ambient dose equivalent need to be performed using accurate and reliable
methods that ensure the quality of readings provided to workers and regulatory authorities. The purpose of
this part of ISO 20785 is to specify procedures for the determination of the responses of instruments in
different reference radiation fields, as a basis for proper characterization of instruments used for the
determination of ambient dose equivalent in aircraft at altitude.
Requirements for the determination and recording of the cosmic radiation exposure of aircraft crew have been
introduced into the national legislation of EU member states and other countries. Harmonization of methods
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SIST EN ISO 20785-2:2017
ISO 20785-2:2011(E)
used for determining ambient dose equivalent and for calibrating instruments is desirable to ensure the
compatibility of measurements performed with such instruments.
This part of ISO 20785 is intended for the use of primary and secondary calibration laboratories for ionizing
radiation, by radiation protection personnel employed by governmental agencies, and by industrial
corporations concerned with the determination of ambient dose equivalent for aircraft crew.
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SIST EN ISO 20785-2:2017
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20785-2:2011(E)
Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian
aircraft —
Part 2:
Characterization of instrument response
1 Scope
This part of ISO 20785 specifies methods and procedures for characterizing the responses of devices used for
the determination of ambient dose equivalent for the evaluation of exposure to cosmic radiation in civilian
aircraft. The methods and procedures are intended to be understood as minimum requirements.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC Guide 98-1, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 1: Introduction to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM:1995)
ISO 4037-1, X and gamma reference radiation for calibrating dosemeters and doserate meters and for
determining their response as a function of photon energy — Part 1: Radiation characteristics and production
methods
ISO 6980-1, Nuclear energy — Reference beta-particle radiation — Part 1: Methods of production
ISO 8529-1:2001, Reference neutron radiations — Part 1: Characteristics and methods of production
ISO 12789-1, Reference radiation fields — Simulated workplace neutron fields — Part 1: Characteristics and
methods of production
ISO 12789-2, Reference radiation fields — Simulated workplace neutron fields — Part 2: Calibration
fundamentals related to the basic quantities
ISO 20785-1, Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft — Part 1: Conceptual basis for
measurements
ISO 29661, Reference radiation fields for radiation protection — Definitions and fundamental concepts
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ISO 20785-2:2011(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
angle of radiation incidence
α
angle between the direction of radiation incidence and the reference direction of the instrument
3.1.2
calibration
operation that, under specified conditions, establishes a relation between the conventional quantity, H , and
0
the indication, G
NOTE 1 A calibration can be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve or
calibration table. In some cases, it can consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated
measurement uncertainty.
NOTE 2 It is important not to confuse calibration with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called
“self-calibration”, or with verification of calibration.
3.1.3
calibration coefficient
N
coeff
quotient of the conventional quantity value to be measured and the corrected indication of the instrument
NOTE 1 The calibration coefficient is equivalent to the calibration factor multiplied by the instrument constant.
NOTE 2 The reciprocal of the calibration coefficient, N , is the response.
coeff
NOTE 3 For the calibration of some instruments, e.g. ionization chambers, the instrument constant and the calibration
factor are not identified separately but are applied together as the calibration coefficient.
NOTE 4 It is necessary, in order to avoid confusion, to state the quantity to be measured, for example: the calibration
coefficient with respect to fluence, N , the calibration coefficient with respect to kerma, N , the calibration coefficient with
Φ K
respect to absorbed dose, N .
D
3.1.4
calibration conditions
conditions, within the range of standard test conditions, actually prevailing during the calibration
3.1.5
calibration factor
N
fact
factor by which the product of the corrected indication and the associated instrument constant of the
instrument is multiplied to obtain the conventional quantity value to be measured under reference conditions
NOTE 1 The calibration factor is dimensionless.
NOTE 2 The corrected indication is the indication of the instrument corrected for the effect of influence quantities,
where applicable.
NOTE 3 The value of the calibration factor can vary with the magnitude of the quantity to be measured. In such cases,
a detector assembly is said to have a non-constant response.
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3.1.6
measured quantity value
measured value of a quantity
measured value
M
quantity value representing a measurement result
NOTE 1 For a measurement involving replicate indications, each indication can be used to provide a corresponding
measured quantity value. This set of measured quantity values can be used to calculate a resulting measured quantity
value, such as an average or a median value, usually with a decreased associated measurement uncertainty.
NOTE 2 When the range of the true quantity values believed to represent the measurand is small compared with the
measurement uncertainty, a measured quantity value can be considered to be an estimate of an essentially unique true
quantity value and is often an average or a median of individual measured quantity values obtained through replicate
measurements.
NOTE 3 In the case where the range of the true quantity values believed to represent the measurand is not small
compared with the measurement uncertainty, a measured value is often an estimate of an average or a median of the set
of true quantity values.
NOTE 4 In ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, the terms “result of measurement” and “estimate of the value of the measurand”
or just “estimate of the measurand” are used for “measured quantity value”.
3.1.7
conventional quantity value
conventional value of a quantity
conventional value
H
0
quantity value attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose
NOTE 1 The term “conventional true quantity value” is sometimes used for this concept, but its use is discouraged.
NOTE 2 Sometimes, a conventional quantity value is an estimate of a true quantity value.
NOTE 3 A conventional quantity value is generally accepted as being associated with a suitably small measurement
uncertainty, which might be zero.
NOTE 4 In ISO 20785, the conventional quantity value is the best estimate of the value of the quantity to be measured,
determined by a primary or a secondary standard which is traceable to a primary standard.
3.1.8
correction factor
k
factor applied to the indication to correct for deviation of measurement conditions from reference conditions
NOTE If the correction of the effect of the deviation of an influence quantity requires a factor, the influence quantity is
of type F.
3.1.9
correction summand
G
S
summand applied to the indication to correct for the zero indication or the deviation of the measurement
conditions from the reference conditions
NOTE If the correction of the effect of the deviation of an influence quantity requires a summand, the influence
quantity is of type S.
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3.1.10
indication
G
quantity value provided by a measuring instrument or a measuring system
NOTE 1 An indication can be presented in visual or acoustic form or can be transferred to another device. An indication
is often given by the position of a pointer on the display for analogue outputs, a displayed or printed number for digital
outputs, a code pattern for code outputs, or an assigned quantity value for material measures.
NOTE 2 An indication and a corresponding value of the quantity being measured are not necessarily values of
quantities of the same kind.
3.1.11
influence quantity
quantity that, in a direct measurement, does not affect the quantity that is actually measured, but affects the
relation between the indication and the measurement result
NOTE 1 An indirect measurement involves a combination of direct measurements, each of which may be affected by
influence quantities.
NOTE 2 In ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, the concept “influence quantity” is defined as in ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007,
covering not only the quantities affecting the measuring system, as in the definition above, but also those quantities that
affect the quantities actually measured. Also, in ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, this concept is not restricted to direct measurements.
NOTE 3 The correction of the effect of the influence quantity can require a correction factor (for an influence quantity of
type F) and/or a correction summand (for an influence quantity of type S) to be applied to the indication of the detector
assembly, e.g. in the case of microphonic or electromagnetic disturbance.
EXAMPLE The indication given by an unsealed ionization chamber is influenced by the temperature and pressure of
the surrounding atmosphere. Although needed for determining the value of the dose, the measurement of these two
quantities is not the primary objective.
3.1.12
instrument constant
c
i
quantity value by which the indication of the instrument, G (or, if corrections or normalization were carried out,
G ), is multiplied to give the value of the measurand or of a quantity to be used to calculate the value of the
corr
measurand
NOTE If the instrument's indication is already expressed in the same units as the measurand, as is the case with
area dosemeters, for instance, the instrument constant, c, is dimensionless. In such cases, the calibration factor and the
i
calibration coefficient can be the same. Otherwise, if the indication of the instrument has to be converted to the same units
as the measurand, the instrument constant has a dimension.
3.1.13
measurand
quantity intended to be measured
3.1.14
point of test
point in the radiation field at which the conventional quantity value is known
NOTE The reference point of a detector assembly is placed at the point of test for calibration purposes or for the
determination of the response.
3.1.15
primary measurement standard
primary standard
measurement standard established using a primary reference measurement procedure or created as an
artifact, chosen by convention
NOTE A primary standard has the highest metrological quality in a given field.
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3.1.16
quantity value
number and reference together expressing the magnitude of a quantity
NOTE A quantity value is either a product of a number and a measurement unit (the unit “one” is generally not
indicated for quantities of dimension “one”) or a number and a reference to a measurement procedure.
3.1.17
reference conditions
conditions of use prescribed for testing the performance of a detector assembly or for comparing the results of
measurements
NOTE 1 The reference conditions represent the values of the set of influence quantities for which the calibration result
is valid without any correction.
NOTE 2 The value of the measurand can be chosen freely in agreement with the properties of the detector assembly to
be calibrated. The quantity to be measured is not an influence quantity but can influence the calibration result and the
response (see also Note 1).
3.1.18
reference direction
direction, in the coordinate system of the detector assembly, with respect to which the angle of the direction of
radiation incidence is measured in reference fields
NOTE At the angle of incidence of 0°, the reference direction of the detector assembly is parallel to the direction of
radiation incidence. At the angle of 180°, the reference direction of the detector assembly is anti-parallel to the direction of
radiation incidence.
3.1.19
reference orientation
orientation of the detector assembly for which the direction of the incident rad
...
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