C24.30 - Adhesion

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sealants are generally subjected to longitudinal and lateral shear stresses in end use applications. This test method measures the cohesive strength of sealants when subjected to shear stresses, and also provides information regarding the adhesive bond to the substrates being tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the lap shear strength of sealants. It also provides information on the adhesive bond of the sealants to the tested substrates.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 The subcommittee with jurisdiction of this standard is not aware of any similar or equivalent ISO standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tape sealants are tacky, deformable solids that are used under compression between two or more surfaces of similar or dissimilar materials in a variety of sealing applications. This procedure is not intended to simulate an actual use condition but will give some indication of the cohesive and adhesive bonding properties of the tape. It also provides an indication of the modulus and tensile strength of the sealant tape composition.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the yield strength of preformed tape sealants.  
1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There are no ISO standards similar or equivalent to this ASTM standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sealants are generally subjected to stresses in end-use applications. This test method measures the heat resistance of sealants when subjected to dead load shear stresses while under heat.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the heat resistance of sealants. This test method is conducted under dead load in a shear mode. This test method was previously written to include only hot applied sealants.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 The subcommittee with jurisdiction of this standard is not aware of any similar or equivalent ISO standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The failure of a building sealant in a joint that experiences movement is manifested by cohesive failure in the sealant or adhesive failure between the sealant and substrate, or both. This test method evaluates the performance of one-part elastomeric solvent release sealants in joints subjected to movement and temperature aging.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a laboratory procedure that determines the adhesion and cohesion performance of one-part elastomeric, solvent release sealants at high and low temperatures by the extension and compression of test specimens.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 The subcommittee with jurisdiction is not aware of any similar ISO standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see Note 2.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 EIFS are barrier-type systems that must be weatherproofed to prevent the passage of moisture, air, dust, heat, and cold from entering a structure.  
5.2 This test method is intended to determine the adhesion properties of the sealant with the EIFS substrate as determined by its tensile adhesive properties for dry, wet, frozen, heat-aged, and artificial weather-aged conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for measuring tensile adhesion properties of sealants to exterior insulation and finish systems (EIFS) under dry, wet, frozen, heat-aged, and artificial weather-aged conditions.  
1.2 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are differences in opinion among those concerned with sealant technology whether or not this adhesion-in-peel test simulates the type of strain and e-tensile stresses encountered by a sealant in normal use. Nevertheless, this test provides a valuable measurement of the ability of the cured sealant to maintain a bond to the substrate under severe peel conditions.  
5.2 Many sealant manufacturers utilize the adhesion-in-peel test for determining the adhesive characteristics of sealant/primer combinations with unusual or proprietary substrates. This test is especially useful for quality measurements comparing batches of the same sealant relative to adhesion or for studying adhesion of a given sealant to a variety of substrates.  
5.3 This test method alone is not appropriate for comparing the overall performance of different sealants in a given application. The adhesive force that determines if a given sealant is useful in a given application also depends on the modulus of elasticity and the degree to which the sealant will be strained. This test, as it exists, does not consider the modulus of elasticity, nor amount of stress that will be produced by a given strain in an actual sealant in a moving joint. No known correlations are given to relate and apply modulus values to the peel values.  
5.4 This test requires that the results indicate whether the failure mode is primarily adhesive or cohesive. It is important to note that a cohesive failure is not necessarily better than an adhesive failure, if the adhesive value is sufficient for the application. Having adhesive failure allows one to study the change of adhesion with time and with the various stress conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the strength and characteristics of the peel properties of a cured-in-place elastomeric joint sealant, single- or multicomponent, for use in building construction.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Frequently IG units are adhered with a structural sealant to a metal framing system. In such applications, only the inward lite of glass is usually adhered to the frame. As a result, a significant portion of any outward-acting or negative wind load must be carried in tension by the joint seal between the two lites of the IG unit. This test will not provide information on the integrity of the IG unit primary seal; however, it may provide data on load sharing between the primary IG vapor seal and the secondary structural sealant.  
5.2 Although this test method prescribes one environmental condition, other environmental conditions and exposure cycles can be employed for specific project evaluation. Such deviations should be described when reporting the data.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for quantitatively measuring the tensile strength, stiffness, and adhesion properties of insulating glass edge seals that are used in structural sealant glazing applications. Edge seals for these applications use a structural sealant to bond both glass lites and the edge spacer into a monolithic sealed insulating glass unit. In typical applications, the structural sealant acts to hold the outside lite in place under wind and gravity load and to maintain the edge spacer in its proper position. Hereafter, the term “insulating glass” will be abbreviated as “IG.”  
1.2 The characterization of the IG secondary sealant properties, as defined by this test method, are strongly dependent on glass and edge spacer cleaning procedures, IG spacer profile, location of spacer, and primary IG sealant application. Users of this test method must recognize that the IG edge seal assembly influences the secondary sealant properties.  
1.3 The values determined by this test method will be characteristic of the particular edge seal assembly that is tested.  
Note 1: Presently, only elastomeric, chemically curing silicone sealants specifically formulated for use as the secondary seal of IG units are recognized as having the necessary durability for use in structural sealant glazing applications.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In any sealant application, the sealant must be capable of maintaining an adhesive bond to the substrate when held in strain for its intended service life.  
5.2 This test method is an indicator of a sealant’s ability to adhere under strain to a given substrate.  
5.3 The default test strain is the movement ability (Class in accordance with Specification C920) of the sealant as designated by the manufacturer. The default joint configuration is 12.7 mm by 12.7 mm by 50.8 mm (1/2 in. by 1/2 in. by 2 in.). Other strains and joint configurations may be used and reported as noted in Section 8 and Table 1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for measuring the adhesion/cohesion properties of a sealant when subjected to tensile loads resulting from an applied specified strain. The adhesion/cohesion properties are evaluated before, during, and after water immersion.  
1.2 This test method examines the adhesive and cohesive performance of a sealant on a specified substrate at a strain equivalent to a multiple of the strain/movement capability (Class in accordance with Specification C920) designated by the manufacturer for the given sealant in accordance with Specification C920.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 Comparable Tests—Other comparable tests are ISO 10590 and 8340.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The failure of a building sealant in an active joint is usually manifested by cohesive failure in the sealant or adhesive failure between the sealant and the substrate, or both. The method described in this test method relates only to the performance of the sealant when properly installed with recommended primers, and does not evaluate sealant failures caused by improper joint design, excessive joint movement, improper application practices, and other factors known to cause sealant failure in buildings and building areas.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is an accelerated laboratory procedure for evaluating the performance of a building sealant in a test configuration that is subjected to water immersion, cyclic movement, and temperature change.3  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the performance of a latex sealant in joints subjected to a limited amount of extension.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for the determination of the extension-recovery and adhesion of latex sealants.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: A related ISO standard is ISO 7389. Users should compare to determine how the ISO standard differs from this test method.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This test method details the standard procedures for the determination of the bond and cohesion of one-part elastomeric solvent release-type sealants after high- and low-temperature aging. The materials and apparatuses needed for this test procedure are an extension machine, a forced-draft type oven, a convection type oven, a freezer chest or cold box, mortar blocks, glass plates, aluminum alloy plates, and polyethylene spacer bars. This test method also requires the use of the following reagents: acetone or methyl ethyl ketone solvents; detergent solution; and distilled water.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the bond and cohesion of one-part, elastomeric, solvent release-type sealants after high- and low-temperature aging.  
1.2 The subcommittee with jurisdiction is not aware of any similar ISO standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Currently there is no ISO standard similar to this test method.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Many parameters contribute to the overall performance of a sealant application. Some of the most significant parameters are sealant bead size and configuration, joint movement, quality of workmanship, the quality of the adhesive bond, and the quality of the sealant material.  
4.2 A sealant usually fails to perform as a weatherseal when it experiences cohesive or adhesive failure.  
4.3 If a sealant bead fails, an evaluation of the total joint movement may be needed to determine if the joint sealant was strained beyond its intended design, or if the sealant failed within the design parameters.  
4.4 If a sealant bead fails adhesively, there is no straightforward procedure for determining the cause. The adhesive failure may be due to workmanship, the specific surface preparation used, the specific sealant used, poor “installed” joint design, poor bond chemistry and other causes.  
4.5 Because of the complex nature of the performance of a sealant bead, an understanding of the quality of the adhesive bond is instrumental in any evaluation of sealant performance. It is critical that the evaluation procedures used truly evaluate the quality of the adhesive bond and do not simply take advantage of the tear resistance of the sealant.  
4.6 This method does not evaluate the performance of a sealant bead as a weatherseal. It only evaluates the characteristics of the adhesive bond relative to the cohesive strength of the sealant in a particular installation. Since any failures that result from use of these procedures are intentionally induced, they do not necessarily mean that the sealant bead will not perform as a weatherseal.  
4.7 The results of these methods are most useful in identifying sealant beads with poor adhesion. The continuous inspection procedure is also useful in the identification of places of poor joint configuration. Obvious cohesive failures are also identified. The results of these methods can be used to assess the likely performance of the seal...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes destructive and non-destructive procedures.  
1.2 The destructive procedure stresses the sealant in such a way as to cause either cohesive or adhesive failure of the sealant or cohesive failure of the substrate where deficient substrate conditions exist. The objective is to characterize the adhesive/cohesive performance of the sealant on the specific substrate by applying a strain that correlates to the strain that the sealant bead may experience when subjected to its maximum published movement capability, when known; or a reasonable strain when the movement capability is unknown. It is possible that the strain applied to the sealant bead may result in no failure of the sealant or the substrate, failure of a deficient substrate before effecting a failure in the sealant, or a failure of the sealant.
Note 1: The destructive procedure requires immediate repair of the sealant bead. Appropriate materials and equipment should be available for this purpose.
Note 2: Sealant formulations may fail in cohesion or adhesion when properly installed, and evaluated by this method. The sealant manufacturer should be consulted to determine the appropriate guidelines for using this method.  
1.3 The non-destructive procedure places strain on the sealant and a stress on the adhesive bond. Though termed non-destructive, this procedure may result in an adhesive failure of a deficient sealant bead, but should not cause a cohesive failure in the sealant. The results of this procedure should be either adhesive failure or no failure.
Note 3: The non-destructive procedure may require immediate repair of the sealant bead, if sealant failure is experienced. Appropriate materials and equipment should be available for this purpose.  
1.4 The non-destructive procedure can be used for continuous inspection of 100 % of the sealant bead(s), or for any areas where deficient conditions, which are inconsistent with the pr...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method uses elevated temperature in an attempt to accelerate the degradation of a sealant and its adhesion to a substrate. This test method is an accelerated method and will only be a predictor of long-term durability if the actual service temperature is significantly lower than the elevated test temperature.  
5.2 This test method can be used as an indicator of longevity but direct correlation to actual use will be difficult for many applications.  
5.3 The correlation of data from this test method to applications where the sealant joint will have wet and dry cycles will be difficult since, with some sealants on some substrates, adhesion that is lost during wet periods is regained during dry periods.  
5.4 This test method is performed in a hot liquid and may be considered an acceleration of deterioration of the sealant or the sealant's adhesion to a substrate. Compared to how the sealant will be used in some applications, in some cases, this test may be less severe than the actual application. The benefit from the use of this test method will depend on the comparison of the conditions of this test to the actual conditions of use (temperature, duration, nature of substrate, composition of the liquid).  
5.5 To determine the ability of a sealant to perform in a given application; modification of this procedure will often be required and is permissible, as mutually agreed upon by interested parties.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure that assists in determining the durability of a sealant and its adhesion to a substrate while continuously immersed in a liquid. This method tests the influence of a liquid on the sealant and its adhesion to a substrate. It does not test the added influence of constant stress from hydrostatic pressure that is often present with sealants used in submerged and below-grade applications, nor does it test the added influence of stress from joint movement while immersed. This method also does not (in its standard form) test the added influence of acids or caustics or other materials that may be in the liquid, in many applications.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Frequently, glass or other glazing or panel materials are structurally adhered with a sealant to a metal framing system. The sealants used for these applications are designed to provide a structural link between the glazing or panel and the framing system.  
4.2 Although this test method is conducted at one prescribed environmental condition, other environmental conditions and duration cycles can be employed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for quantitatively measuring the tensile adhesion properties of structural sealants, hereinafter referred to as the “sealant”.  
1.2 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Two ISO standards are known that develop similar information to C1135; ISO 8339 and ISO 8340.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Preformed tape sealants are tacky, deformable solids, that are used under compression between two or more substrates, in various sealing applications where the surfaces may be of similar or dissimilar materials. This procedure measures the tensile strength of the preformed tape sealant. It also provides an indication of the cohesive nature and adhesive bonding properties of the preformed tape sealant. This procedure is not intended to simulate actual use conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the tensile adhesive strength of a preformed tape sealant. The type of failure can be determined, and the degree of cohesive/adhesive failure can be estimated.  
1.2 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 The subcommittee with jurisdiction is not aware of any similar ISO standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Seals are manufactured in flat extruded shapes and are primarily used to span joint openings. The seal is adhered to construction substrates utilizing a liquid applied adhesive, to seal building openings such as panel joints, metal flashing joints or other joints in place of conventional liquid applied sealants. In actual use, failure of an applied seal in an active joint is usually manifested by cohesive failure of the seal; adhesive failure between the adhesive and the substrate; adhesive failure between the adhesive and the seal; cohesive failure of the substrate or tear propagation parallel to the joint length.
FIG. 1 Standard Substrate Test Specimen Assemblies  
FIG. 2 Beveled Bridge Joint Configuration  
FIG. 3 U-joint Configuration  
FIG. 4 Test Specimen Showing 5 mm Cut in the Middle of the Seal for Tear Propagation Testing  
FIG. 5 Partial Tear  
Tear propagates perpendicular to the length of the joint as shown above, left; or at any angle leading to the joint wall as shown above, right. In each case tear stops at the joint wall with an intact unbroken joint length on both sides of at least 12.5 mm.
FIG. 6 Tear  
Tear propagates parallel to the joint wall and opens one side or both sides.  
5.2 This test method can be used for testing the adhesion of the adhesive to the substrate and to the seal, tensile load at various strains and tear resistance at various strains after the specimens are exposed to wet, cold, hot and artificial weathering conditionings. All or some of these properties are experienced on actual job sites.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for measuring modulus, tear, joint movement ability and adhesion properties of applied, Precured Elastomeric Joint Sealants, hereinafter referred to as “applied seal” and if not applied, hereinafter referred to as “seal,” on portland cement mortar as a standard substrate and or other substrates. It tests these properties after dry, wet, frozen, heat aged or artificially weather-aged conditionings, or both.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any similar standard published by another committee or organization.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Many parameters contribute to the overall performance of a sealant application. Some of the most significant parameters are sealant bead size and configuration, joint movement, quality of workmanship, the quality of the adhesive bond, and the quality of the sealant material.  
4.2 A sealant usually fails to perform as a weatherseal when it experiences cohesive or adhesive failure.  
4.3 If a sealant bead fails, an evaluation of the total joint movement may be needed to determine if the joint sealant was strained beyond its intended design, or if the sealant failed within the design parameters.  
4.4 If a sealant bead fails adhesively, there is no straightforward procedure for determining the cause. The adhesive failure may be due to workmanship, the specific surface preparation used, the specific sealant used, poor “installed” joint design, poor bond chemistry and other causes.  
4.5 Because of the complex nature of the performance of a sealant bead, an understanding of the quality of the adhesive bond is instrumental in any evaluation of sealant performance. It is critical that the evaluation procedures used truly evaluate the quality of the adhesive bond and do not simply take advantage of the tear resistance of the sealant.  
4.6 This method does not evaluate the performance of a sealant bead as a weatherseal. It only evaluates the characteristics of the adhesive bond relative to the cohesive strength of the sealant in a particular installation. Since any failures that result from use of these procedures are intentionally induced, they do not necessarily mean that the sealant bead will not perform as a weatherseal.  
4.7 The results of these methods are most useful in identifying sealant beads with poor adhesion. The continuous inspection procedure is also useful in the identification of places of poor joint configuration. Obvious cohesive failures are also identified. The results of these methods can be used to assess the likely performance of the seal...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes destructive and non-destructive procedures.  
1.2 The destructive procedure stresses the sealant in such a way as to cause either cohesive or adhesive failure of the sealant or cohesive failure of the substrate where deficient substrate conditions exist. The objective is to characterize the adhesive/cohesive performance of the sealant on the specific substrate by applying a strain that correlates to the strain that the sealant bead may experience when subjected to its maximum published movement capability, when known; or a reasonable strain when the movement capability is unknown. It is possible that the strain applied to the sealant bead may result in no failure of the sealant or the substrate, failure of a deficient substrate before effecting a failure in the sealant, or a failure of the sealant.
Note 1: The destructive procedure requires immediate repair of the sealant bead. Appropriate materials and equipment should be available for this purpose.
Note 2: Sealant formulations may fail in cohesion or adhesion when properly installed, and evaluated by this method. The sealant manufacturer should be consulted to determine the appropriate guidelines for using this method.  
1.3 The non-destructive procedure places strain on the sealant and a stress on the adhesive bond. Though termed non-destructive, this procedure may result in an adhesive failure of a deficient sealant bead, but should not cause a cohesive failure in the sealant. The results of this procedure should be either adhesive failure or no failure.
Note 3: The non-destructive procedure may require immediate repair of the sealant bead, if sealant failure is experienced. Appropriate materials and equipment should be available for this purpose.  
1.4 The non-destructive procedure can be used for continuous inspection of 100 % of the sealant bead(s), or for any areas where deficient conditions, which are inconsistent with the pr...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sealants are generally subjected to stresses in end-use applications. This test method measures the heat resistance of sealants when subjected to dead load shear stresses while under heat.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the heat resistance of sealants. This test method is conducted under dead load in a shear mode. This test method was previously written to include only hot applied sealants.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 The subcommittee with jurisdiction of this standard is not aware of any similar or equivalent ISO standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The failure of a building sealant in an active joint is usually manifested by cohesive failure in the sealant or adhesive failure between the sealant and the substrate, or both. The method described in this test method relates only to the performance of the sealant when properly installed with recommended primers, and does not evaluate sealant failures caused by improper joint design, excessive joint movement, improper application practices, and other factors known to cause sealant failure in buildings and building areas.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is an accelerated laboratory procedure for evaluating the performance of a building sealant in a test configuration that is subjected to water immersion, cyclic movement, and temperature change.3  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are differences in opinion among those concerned with sealant technology whether or not this adhesion-in-peel test simulates the type of strain and e-tensile stresses encountered by a sealant in normal use. Nevertheless, this test provides a valuable measurement of the ability of the cured sealant to maintain a bond to the substrate under severe peel conditions.  
5.2 Many sealant manufacturers utilize the adhesion-in-peel test for determining the adhesive characteristics of sealant/primer combinations with unusual or proprietary substrates. This test is especially useful for quality measurements comparing batches of the same sealant relative to adhesion or for studying adhesion of a given sealant to a variety of substrates.  
5.3 This test method alone is not appropriate for comparing the overall performance of different sealants in a given application. The adhesive force that determines if a given sealant is useful in a given application also depends on the modulus of elasticity and the degree to which the sealant will be strained. This test, as it exists, does not consider the modulus of elasticity, nor amount of stress that will be produced by a given strain in an actual sealant in a moving joint. No known correlations are given to relate and apply modulus values to the peel values.  
5.4 This test requires that the results indicate whether the failure mode is primarily adhesive or cohesive. It is important to note that a cohesive failure is not necessarily better than an adhesive failure, if the adhesive value is sufficient for the application. Having adhesive failure allows one to study the change of adhesion with time and with the various stress conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the strength and characteristics of the peel properties of a cured-in-place elastomeric joint sealant, single- or multicomponent, for use in building construction.  
1.2 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Frequently IG units are adhered with a structural sealant to a metal framing system. In such applications, only the inward lite of glass is usually adhered to the frame. As a result, a significant portion of any outward-acting or negative wind load must be carried in tension by the joint seal between the two lites of the IG unit. This test will not provide information on the integrity of the IG unit primary seal; however, it may provide data on load sharing between the primary IG vapor seal and the secondary structural sealant.  
5.2 Although this test method prescribes one environmental condition, other environmental conditions and exposure cycles can be employed for specific project evaluation. Such deviations should be described when reporting the data.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for quantitatively measuring the tensile strength, stiffness, and adhesion properties of insulating glass edge seals that are used in structural sealant glazing applications. Edge seals for these applications use a structural sealant to bond both glass lites and the edge spacer into a monolithic sealed insulating glass unit. In typical applications, the structural sealant acts to hold the outside lite in place under wind and gravity load and to maintain the edge spacer in its proper position. Hereafter, the term “insulating glass” will be abbreviated as “IG.”  
1.2 The characterization of the IG secondary sealant properties, as defined by this test method, are strongly dependent on glass and edge spacer cleaning procedures, IG spacer profile, location of spacer, and primary IG sealant application. Users of this test method must recognize that the IG edge seal assembly influences the secondary sealant properties.  
1.3 The values determined by this test method will be characteristic of the particular edge seal assembly that is tested.  
Note 1: Presently, only elastomeric, chemically curing silicone sealants specifically formulated for use as the secondary seal of IG units are recognized as having the necessary durability for use in structural sealant glazing applications.  
1.4 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are approximate equivalents, provided for information purposes.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the performance of a latex sealant in joints subjected to a limited amount of extension.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for the determination of the extension-recovery and adhesion of latex sealants.  
1.2 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: A related ISO standard is ISO 7389. Users should compare to determine how the ISO standard differs from this test method.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Preformed tape sealants are tacky, deformable solids, that are used under compression between two or more substrates, in various sealing applications where the surfaces may be of similar or dissimilar materials. This procedure measures the tensile strength of the preformed tape sealant. It also provides an indication of the cohesive nature and adhesive bonding properties of the preformed tape sealant. This procedure is not intended to simulate actual use conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the tensile adhesive strength of a preformed tape sealant. The type of failure can be determined, and the degree of cohesive/adhesive failure can be estimated.  
1.2 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 The subcommittee with jurisdiction is not aware of any similar ISO standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 EIFS are barrier-type systems that must be weatherproofed to prevent the passage of moisture, air, dust, heat, and cold from entering a structure.  
5.2 This test method is intended to determine the adhesion properties of the sealant with the EIFS substrate as determined by its tensile adhesive properties for dry, wet, frozen, heat-aged, and artificial weather-aged conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for measuring tensile adhesion properties of sealants to exterior insulation and finish systems (EIFS) under dry, wet, frozen, heat-aged, and artificial weather-aged conditions.  
1.2 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In any sealant application, the sealant must be capable of maintaining an adhesive bond to the substrate when held in strain for its intended service life.  
5.2 This test method is an indicator of a sealant’s ability to adhere under strain to a given substrate.  
5.3 The default test strain is the movement ability of the sealant as designated by the manufacturer. The default joint configuration is 12.7 × 12.7 × 50.8 mm (1/2 × 1/2 × 2 in.). Other strains and joint configurations may be used and reported as noted in Section 8 and Table 1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for measuring the adhesion/cohesion properties of a sealant when subjected to tensile loads resulting from an applied specified strain. The adhesion/cohesion properties are evaluated before, during, and after water immersion.  
1.2 This test method examines the adhesive and cohesive performance of a sealant on a specified substrate at a strain equivalent to a multiple of the strain/movement capability designated by the manufacturer for the given sealant per Specification C920.  
1.3 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 Comparable Test:  
1.5.1 ISO 10590, Building construction - Jointing products - Sealants - Determination of adhesion/cohesion properties at maintained extension after immersion in water  
1.5.2 ISO 8340, Building construction - Jointing products - Sealants - Determination of tensile properties at maintained extension

ABSTRACT
This test method details the standard procedures for the determination of the bond and cohesion of one-part elastomeric solvent release-type sealants after high- and low-temperature aging. The materials and apparatuses needed for this test procedure are an extension machine, a forced-draft type oven, a convection type oven, a freezer chest or cold box, mortar blocks, glass plates, aluminum alloy plates, and polyethylene spacer bars. This test method also requires the use of the following reagents: acetone or methyl ethyl ketone solvents; detergent solution; and distilled water.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the bond and cohesion of one-part, elastomeric, solvent release-type sealants after high- and low-temperature aging.  
1.2 The subcommittee with jurisdiction is not aware of any similar ISO standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Currently there is no ISO standard similar to this test method.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Frequently, glass or other glazing or panel materials are structurally adhered with a sealant to a metal framing system. The sealants used for these applications are designed to provide a structural link between the glazing or panel and the framing system.  
4.2 Although this test method is conducted at one prescribed environmental condition, other environmental conditions and duration cycles can be employed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for quantitatively measuring the tensile adhesion properties of structural sealants, hereinafter referred to as the “sealant”.  
1.2 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Two ISO standards are known that develop similar information to C1135; ISO 8339 and ISO 8340.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sealants are generally subjected to longitudinal and lateral shear stresses in end use applications. This test method measures the cohesive strength of sealants when subjected to shear stresses, and also provides information regarding the adhesive bond to the substrates being tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the lap shear strength of sealants. It also provides information on the adhesive bond of the sealants to the tested substrates.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 The subcommittee with jurisdiction of this standard is not aware of any similar or equivalent ISO standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tape sealants are tacky, deformable solids that are used under compression between two or more surfaces of similar or dissimilar materials in a variety of sealing applications. This procedure is not intended to simulate an actual use condition but will give some indication of the cohesive and adhesive bonding properties of the tape. It also provides an indication of the modulus and tensile strength of the sealant tape composition.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the yield strength of preformed tape sealants.  
1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There are no ISO standards similar or equivalent to this ASTM standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are differences in opinion among those concerned with sealant technology whether or not this adhesion-in-peel test simulates the type of strain and e-tensile stresses encountered by a sealant in normal use. Nevertheless, this test provides a valuable measurement of the ability of the cured sealant to maintain a bond to the substrate under severe peel conditions.  
5.2 Many sealant manufacturers utilize the adhesion-in-peel test for determining the adhesive characteristics of sealant/primer combinations with unusual or proprietary substrates. This test is especially useful for quality measurements comparing batches of the same sealant relative to adhesion or for studying adhesion of a given sealant to a variety of substrates.  
5.3 This test method alone is not appropriate for comparing the overall performance of different sealants in a given application. The adhesive force that determines if a given sealant is useful in a given application also depends on the modulus of elasticity and the degree to which the sealant will be strained. This test, as it exists, does not consider the modulus of elasticity, nor amount of stress that will be produced by a given strain in an actual sealant in a moving joint. No known correlations are given to relate and apply modulus values to the peel values.  
5.4 This test requires that the results indicate whether the failure mode is primarily adhesive or cohesive. It is important to note that a cohesive failure is not necessarily better than an adhesive failure, if the adhesive value is sufficient for the application. Having adhesive failure allows one to study the change of adhesion with time and with the various stress conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the strength and characteristics of the peel properties of a cured-in-place elastomeric joint sealant, single- or multicomponent, for use in building construction.  
1.2 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are differences in opinion among those concerned with sealant technology whether or not this adhesion-in-peel test simulates the type of strain and e-tensile stresses encountered by a sealant in normal use. Nevertheless, this test provides a valuable measurement of the ability of the cured sealant to maintain a bond to the substrate under severe peel conditions.  
5.2 Many sealant manufacturers utilize the adhesion-in-peel test for determining the adhesive characteristics of sealant/primer combinations with unusual or proprietary substrates. This test is especially useful for quality measurements comparing batches of the same sealant relative to adhesion or for studying adhesion of a given sealant to a variety of substrates.  
5.3 This test method alone is not appropriate for comparing the overall performance of different sealants in a given application. The adhesive force that determines if a given sealant is useful in a given application also depends on the modulus of elasticity and the degree to which the sealant will be strained. This test, as it exists, does not consider the modulus of elasticity, nor amount of stress that will be produced by a given strain in an actual sealant in a moving joint. No known correlations are given to relate and apply modulus values to the peel values.  
5.4 This test requires that the results indicate whether the failure mode is primarily adhesive or cohesive. It is important to note that a cohesive failure is not necessarily better than an adhesive failure, if the adhesive value is sufficient for the application. Having adhesive failure allows one to study the change of adhesion with time and with the various stress conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the strength and characteristics of the peel properties of a cured-in-place elastomeric joint sealant, single- or multicomponent, for use in building construction.  
1.2 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In any sealant application, the sealant must be capable of maintaining an adhesive bond to the substrate when held in strain for its intended service life.  
5.2 This test method is an indicator of a sealant’s ability to adhere under strain to a given substrate.  
5.3 The default test strain is the movement ability of the sealant as designated by the manufacturer. The default joint configuration is 12.7 × 12.7 × 50.8 mm (1/2 × 1/2 × 2 in.). Other strains and joint configurations may be used and reported as noted in Section 8 and Table 1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for measuring the adhesion/cohesion properties of a sealant when subjected to tensile loads resulting from an applied specified strain. The adhesion/cohesion properties are evaluated before, during, and after water immersion.  
1.2 This test method examines the adhesive and cohesive performance of a sealant on a specified substrate at a strain equivalent to a multiple of the strain/movement capability designated by the manufacturer for the given sealant per Specification C920.  
1.3 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 Comparable Test:  
1.5.1 ISO 10590, Building construction - Jointing products - Sealants - Determination of adhesion/cohesion properties at maintained extension after immersion in water  
1.5.2 ISO 8340, Building construction - Jointing products - Sealants - Determination of tensile properties at maintained extension

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The failure of a building sealant in an active joint is usually manifested by cohesive failure in the sealant or adhesive failure between the sealant and the substrate, or both. The method described in this test method relates only to the performance of the sealant when properly installed with recommended primers, and does not evaluate sealant failures caused by improper joint design, excessive joint movement, improper application practices, and other factors known to cause sealant failure in buildings and building areas.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is an accelerated laboratory procedure for evaluating the performance of a building sealant in a test configuration that is subjected to water immersion, cyclic movement, and temperature change.3  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method uses elevated temperature to accelerate the degradation of a sealant and its adhesion to a substrate. This test method is an accelerated method and will only be a predictor of long-term durability if the actual service temperature is significantly lower than the elevated test temperature.  
5.2 This test method can be used as an indicator of longevity but direct correlation to actual use will be difficult for many applications.  
5.3 The correlation of data from this test method to applications where the sealant joint will have wet and dry cycles will be difficult since, with some sealants on some substrates, adhesion that is lost during wet periods is regained during dry periods.  
5.4 This test method is performed in a hot liquid and may be considered an acceleration of deterioration of the sealant or the sealant's adhesion to a substrate. Compared to how the sealant will be used in some applications, in some cases, this test may be less severe than the actual application. The benefit from the use of this test method will depend on the comparison of the conditions of this test to the actual conditions of use (temperature, duration, nature of substrate, composition of the liquid).  
5.5 To determine the ability of a sealant to perform in a given application; modification of this procedure will often be required and is permissible, as mutually agreed upon by purchaser and seller.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure that assists in determining the durability of a sealant and its adhesion to a substrate while continuously immersed in a liquid. This test method tests the influence of a liquid on the sealant and its adhesion to a substrate. It does not test the added influence of constant stress from hydrostatic pressure that is often present with sealants used in submerged and below-grade applications, nor does it test the added influence of stress from joint movement while immersed. This test method also does not (in its standard form) test the added influence of acids or caustics or other materials that may be in the liquid, in many applications.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The failure of a building sealant in an active joint is usually manifested by cohesive failure in the sealant or adhesive failure between the sealant and the substrate, or both. The method described in this test method relates only to the performance of the sealant when properly installed with recommended primers, and does not evaluate sealant failures caused by improper joint design, excessive joint movement, improper application practices, and other factors known to cause sealant failure in buildings and building areas.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is an accelerated laboratory procedure for evaluating the performance of a building sealant in a test configuration that is subjected to water immersion, cyclic movement, and temperature change.3  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The failure of a building sealant in a joint that experiences movement is manifested by cohesive failure in the sealant or adhesive failure between the sealant and substrate, or both. This test method evaluates the performance of one-part elastomeric solvent release sealants in joints subjected to movement and temperature aging.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a laboratory procedure that determines the adhesion and cohesion performance of one-part elastomeric, solvent release sealants at high and low temperatures by the extension and compression of test specimens.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The subcommittee with jurisdiction is not aware of any similar ISO standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see Note 2.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Many parameters contribute to the overall performance of a sealant application. Some of the most significant parameters are sealant bead size and configuration, joint movement, quality of workmanship, the quality of the adhesive bond, and the quality of the sealant material.  
4.2 A sealant usually fails to perform as a weatherseal when it experiences cohesive or adhesive failure.  
4.3 If a sealant bead fails, an evaluation of the total joint movement may be needed to determine if the joint sealant was strained beyond design or if the sealant failed within design parameters.  
4.4 If a sealant bead fails adhesively, there is no straightforward procedure for determining the cause. The adhesive failure may be due to workmanship, the specific surface preparation used, the specific sealant used, poor “installed” joint design, poor bond chemistry and other causes.  
4.5 Because of the complex nature of the performance of a sealant bead, an understanding of the quality of the adhesive bond is instrumental in any evaluation of sealant performance. It is critical that the test procedures used truly evaluate the quality of the adhesive bond and do not simply take advantage of the tear resistance of the sealant.  
4.6 This method does not evaluate the performance of a sealant joint as a weatherseal. It only evaluates the characteristics of the adhesive bond relative to the cohesive strength of the sealant in a particular installation. Since any failures that result from use of this test method are intentionally induced, they do not necessarily mean that the sealant joint will not perform as a weatherseal.  
4.7 The results of these methods are most useful in identifying sealant joints with poor adhesion. The continuous inspection procedure is also useful in the identification of places of poor joint configuration. Obvious cohesive failures are also identified. The results of these methods can be used to assess the likely performance of the sealant joint and to comp...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes destructive and nondestructive procedures.  
1.2 The destructive procedure stresses the sealant in such a way as to cause either cohesive or adhesive failure of the sealant or cohesive failure of the substrate where deficient substrate conditions exist. The objective is to characterize the adhesive/cohesive performance of the sealant on the specific substrate by applying whatever strain is necessary to effect failure of the sealant bead. It is possible that the strain applied to the sealant bead may result in the failure of a deficient substrate before effecting a failure in the sealant.Note 1—The destructive procedure requires immediate repair of the sealant bead. Appropriate materials and equipment should be available for this purpose.Note 2—Sealant formulations may fail in cohesion or adhesion when properly installed, and tested by this method. The sealant manufacturer should be consulted to determine the appropriate guidelines for using this method.  
1.3 The nondestructive procedure places strain on the sealant and a stress on the adhesive bond. Though termed nondestructive, this procedure may result in an adhesive failure of a deficient sealant bead, but should not cause a cohesive failure in the sealant. The results of this procedure should be either adhesive failure or no failure.Note 3—The nondestructive procedure may require immediate repair of the sealant bead, if failure is experienced. Appropriate materials and equipment should be available for this purpose.  
1.4 The non-destructive procedure can be used for continuous inspection of 100 % of the joint(s) or for any areas where deficient conditions, which are inconsistent with the practices of Guide C1193, are suspected.  
1.5 The committee with jurisdiction over this practice is not aware of any comparable practices published by other organizations or committees.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Preformed tape sealants are tacky, deformable solids, that are used under compression between two or more substrates, in various sealing applications where the surfaces may be of similar or dissimilar materials. This procedure measures the tensile strength of the preformed tape sealant. It also provides an indication of the cohesive nature and adhesive bonding properties of the preformed tape sealant. This procedure is not intended to simulate actual use conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the tensile adhesive strength of a preformed tape sealant. The type of failure can be determined, and the degree of cohesive/adhesive failure can be estimated.  
1.2 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 The subcommittee with jurisdiction is not aware of any similar ISO standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method evaluates the performance of a latex sealant in joints subjected to a limited amount of extension.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for the determination of the extension-recovery and adhesion of latex sealants.
1.2 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—A related ISO standard is ISO 7389. Users should compare to determine how the ISO standard differs from this test method.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Sealants are generally subjected to stresses in end-use applications. This test method measures the heat resistance of sealants when subjected to dead load shear stresses while under heat.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the heat resistance of sealants. This test method is conducted under dead load in a shear mode. This test method was previously written to include only hot applied sealants.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 The subcommittee with jurisdiction of this standard is not aware of any similar or equivalent ISO standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Sealants are generally subjected to longitudinal and lateral shear stresses in end use applications. This test method measures the cohesive strength of sealants when subjected to shear stresses, and also provides information regarding the adhesive bond to the substrates being tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the lap shear strength of sealants. It also provides information on the adhesive bond of the sealants to the tested substrates.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 The subcommittee with jurisdiction of this standard is not aware of any similar or equivalent ISO standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tape sealants are tacky, deformable solids that are used under compression between two or more surfaces of similar or dissimilar materials in a variety of sealing applications. This procedure is not intended to simulate an actual use condition but will give some indication of the cohesive and adhesive bonding properties of the tape. It also provides an indication of the modulus and tensile strength of the sealant tape composition.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the yield strength of preformed tape sealants.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There are no ISO standards similar or equivalent to this ASTM standard.

ABSTRACT
This test method details the standard procedures for the determination of the bond and cohesion of one-part elastomeric solvent release-type sealants after high- and low-temperature aging. The materials and apparatuses needed for this test procedure are an extension machine, a forced-draft type oven, a convection type oven, a freezer chest or cold box, mortar blocks, glass plates, aluminum alloy plates, and polyethylene spacer bars. This test method also requires the use of the following reagents: acetone or methyl ethyl ketone solvents; detergent solution; and distilled water.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the bond and cohesion of one-part, elastomeric, solvent release-type sealants after high- and low-temperature aging.
1.2 The subcommittee with jurisdiction is not aware of any similar ISO standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—Currently there is no ISO standard similar to this test method.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Frequently IG units are adhered with a structural sealant to a metal framing system. In such applications, only the inward lite of glass is usually adhered to the frame. As a result, a significant portion of any outward-acting or negative wind load must be carried in tension by the joint seal between the two lites of the IG unit. This test will not provide information on the integrity of the IG unit primary seal; however, it may provide data on load sharing between the primary IG vapor seal and the secondary structural sealant.
Although this test method prescribes one environmental condition, other environmental conditions and exposure cycles can be employed for specific project evaluation. Such deviations should be described when reporting the data.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for quantitatively measuring the tensile strength, stiffness, and adhesion properties of insulating glass edge seals that are used in structural sealant glazing applications. Edge seals for these applications use a structural sealant to bond both glass lites and the edge spacer into a monolithic sealed insulating glass unit. In typical applications, the structural sealant acts to hold the outside lite in place under wind and gravity load and to maintain the edge spacer in its proper position. Hereafter, the term “insulating glass” will be abbreviated as “IG.”
1.2 The characterization of the IG secondary sealant properties, as defined by this test method, are strongly dependent on glass and edge spacer cleaning procedures, IG spacer profile, location of spacer, and primary IG sealant application. Users of this test method must recognize that the IG edge seal assembly influences the secondary sealant properties.
1.3 The values determined by this test method will be characteristic of the particular edge seal assembly that is tested.
Note 1—Presently, only elastomeric, chemically curing silicone sealants specifically formulated for use as the secondary seal of IG units are recognized as having the necessary durability for use in structural sealant glazing applications.  
1.4 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are approximate equivalents, provided for information purposes.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
EIFS are barrier-type systems that must be weatherproofed to prevent the passage of moisture, air, dust, heat, and cold from entering a structure.
This test method is intended to determine the adhesion properties of the sealant with the EIFS substrate as determined by its tensile adhesive properties for dry, wet, frozen, heat-aged, and artificial weather-aged conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for measuring tensile adhesion properties of sealants to exterior insulation and finish systems (EIFS) under dry, wet, frozen, heat-aged, and artificial weather-aged conditions.
1.2 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Frequently, glass or other glazing or panel materials are structurally adhered with a sealant to a metal framing system. The sealants used for these applications are designed to provide a structural link between the glazing or panel and the framing system.
Although this test method is conducted at one prescribed environmental condition, other environmental conditions and duration cycles can be employed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for quantitatively measuring the tensile adhesion properties of structural sealants, hereinafter referred to as the “sealant”.
1.2 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—Two ISO standards are known that develop similar information to C1135; ISO 8339 and ISO 8340.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
There are differences in opinion among those concerned with sealant technology whether or not this adhesion-in-peel test simulates the type of strain and e-tensile stresses encountered by a sealant in normal use. Nevertheless, this test provides a valuable measurement of the ability of the cured sealant to maintain a bond to the substrate under severe peel conditions.
Many sealant manufacturers utilize the adhesion-in-peel test for determining the adhesive characteristics of sealant/primer combinations with unusual or proprietary substrates. This test is especially useful for quality measurements comparing batches of the same sealant relative to adhesion or for studying adhesion of a given sealant to a variety of substrates.
This test method alone is not appropriate for comparing the overall performance of different sealants in a given application. The adhesive force that determines if a given sealant is useful in a given application also depends on the modulus of elasticity and the degree to which the sealant will be strained. This test, as it exists, does not consider the modulus of elasticity, nor amount of stress that will be produced by a given strain in an actual sealant in a moving joint. No known correlations are given to relate and apply modulus values to the peel values.
This test requires that the results indicate whether the failure mode is primarily adhesive or cohesive. It is important to note that a cohesive failure is not necessarily better than an adhesive failure, if the adhesive value is sufficient for the application. Having adhesive failure allows one to study the change of adhesion with time and with the various stress conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the strength and characteristics of the peel properties of a cured-in-place elastomeric joint sealant, single- or multicomponent, for use in building construction.
1.2 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The failure of a building sealant in an active joint is usually manifested by cohesive failure in the sealant or adhesive failure between the sealant and the substrate, or both. The method described in this test method relates only to the performance of the sealant when properly installed with recommended primers, and does not evaluate sealant failures caused by improper joint design, excessive joint movement, improper application practices, and other factors known to cause sealant failure in buildings and building areas.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is an accelerated laboratory procedure for evaluating the performance of a building sealant in a test configuration that is subjected to water immersion, cyclic movement, and temperature change.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Seals are manufactured in flat extruded shapes and are primarily used to span joint openings. The seal is adhered to construction substrates utilizing a liquid applied adhesive, to seal building openings such as panel joints, metal flashing joints or other joints in place of conventional liquid applied sealants. In actual use, failure of an applied seal in an active joint is usually manifested by cohesive failure of the seal; adhesive failure between the adhesive and the substrate; adhesive failure between the adhesive and the seal; cohesive failure of the substrate or tear propagation parallel to the joint length.
This test method can be used for testing the adhesion of the adhesive to the substrate and to the seal, tensile load at various strains and tear resistance at various strains after the specimens are exposed to wet, cold, hot and artificial weathering conditionings. All or some of these properties are experienced on actual job sites.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for measuring modulus, tear, joint movement ability and adhesion properties of applied, Precured Elastomeric Joint Sealants, hereinafter referred to as “applied seal” and if not applied, hereinafter referred to as “seal,” on portland cement mortar as a standard substrate and or other substrates. It tests these properties after dry, wet, frozen, heat aged or artificially weather-aged conditionings, or both.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any similar standard published by another committee or organization.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Many parameters contribute to the overall performance of a sealant application. Some of the most significant parameters are sealant bead size and configuration, joint movement, quality of workmanship, the quality of the adhesive bond, and the quality of the sealant material.
A sealant usually fails to perform as a weatherseal when it experiences cohesive or adhesive failure.
If a sealant bead fails, an evaluation of the total joint movement may be needed to determine if the joint sealant was strained beyond design or if the sealant failed within design parameters.
If a sealant bead fails adhesively, there is no straightforward procedure for determining the cause. The adhesive failure may be due to workmanship, the specific surface preparation used, the specific sealant used, poor “installed” joint design, poor bond chemistry and other causes.
Because of the complex nature of the performance of a sealant bead, an understanding of the quality of the adhesive bond is instrumental in any evaluation of sealant performance. It is critical that the test procedures used truly evaluate the quality of the adhesive bond and do not simply take advantage of the tear resistance of the sealant.
This method does not evaluate the performance of a sealant joint as a weatherseal. It only evaluates the characteristics of the adhesive bond relative to the cohesive strength of the sealant in a particular installation. Since any failures that result from use of this test method are intentionally induced, they do not necessarily mean that the sealant joint will not perform as a weatherseal.
The results of these methods are most useful in identifying sealant joints with poor adhesion. The continuous inspection procedure is also useful in the identification of places of poor joint configuration. Obvious cohesive failures are also identified. The results of these methods can be used to assess the likely performance of the sealant joint and to compare performance against other seal...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes destructive and nondestructive procedures.
1.2 The destructive procedure stresses the sealant in such a way as to cause either cohesive or adhesive failure of the sealant or cohesive failure of the substrate where deficient substrate conditions exist. The objective is to characterize the adhesive/cohesive performance of the sealant on the specific substrate by applying whatever strain is necessary to effect failure of the sealant bead. It is possible that the strain applied to the sealant bead may result in the failure of a deficient substrate before effecting a failure in the sealant.
Note 1—The destructive procedure requires immediate repair of the sealant bead. Appropriate materials and equipment should be available for this purpose.
Note 2—Sealant formulations may fail in cohesion or adhesion when properly installed, and tested by this method. The sealant manufacturer should be consulted to determine the appropriate guidelines for using this method.
1.3 The nondestructive procedure places strain on the sealant and a stress on the adhesive bond. Though termed nondestructive, this procedure may result in an adhesive failure of a deficient sealant bead, but should not cause a cohesive failure in the sealant. The results of this procedure should be either adhesive failure or no failure.
Note 3—The nondestructive procedure may require immediate repair of the sealant bead, if failure is experienced. Appropriate materials and equipment should be available for this purpose.
1.4 The non-destructive procedure can be used for continuous inspection of 100 % of the joint(s) or for any areas where deficient conditions, which are inconsistent with the practices of Guide C1193, are suspected.
1.5 The committee with jurisdiction over this practice is not aware of any comparable practices published by other organizations or committees.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be r...