TC 32 - Fuses

IEC 60691:2023 is applicable to thermal-links intended for incorporation in electrical appliances, electronic equipment and component parts thereof, normally intended for use indoors, in order to protect them against excessive temperatures under abnormal conditions.
NOTE 1 The equipment is not designed to generate heat.
NOTE 2 The effectiveness of the protection against excessive temperatures logically depends upon the position and method of mounting of the thermal-link, as well as upon the current which it is carrying.
This document may be applicable to thermal-links for use under conditions other than indoors, provided that the climatic and other circumstances in the immediate surroundings of such thermal-links are comparable with those in this standard.
This document may be applicable to thermal-links in their simplest forms (e.g. melting strips or wires), provided that molten materials expelled during function cannot adversely interfere with the safe use of the equipment, especially in the case of hand-held or portable equipment, irrespective of its position.

IEC 60269-3:2024 is divided into four fuse systems, each dealing with a specific example of standardized fuses for use by unskilled persons. This part applies to “gG” fuses only. Unskilled persons do not have technical knowledge or sufficient experience. To avoid dangers, which electricity may create, the relevant part of the fuse standard shall provide requirements for maximum safety in service. IEC 60269-3 provides four systems for use by unskilled persons. Instructions for the safe operation of fuse-links are provided in the manufacturer’s literature. All systems provide their own mechanical solution to avoid the use of a fuse-link with higher current rating (non-interchangeability) whereas the protection of cables and lines is ensured. The applicant is required to take care to replace a fuse-link by the same type.

IEC 60269-1:2024 is applicable to fuses incorporating enclosed current-limiting fuse-links with rated breaking capacities of not less than 6 kA, intended for protecting power-frequency AC circuits of nominal voltages not exceeding 1 000 V or DC circuits of nominal voltages not exceeding 1 500 V.

IEC 60269-4:2024 applies with the following supplementary requirements. Fuse-links for the protection of semiconductor devices shall comply with aIl requirements of IEC 60269-1, if not otherwise indicated hereinafter, and shall also comply with the supplementary requirements laid down below. These supplementary requirements apply to fuse-links for application in equipment containing semiconductor devices for circuits of nominal voltages up to 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V DC. For some fuse‑links higher rated voltages can be used.

IEC 60127-8:2018 relates to fuse resistors with particular overcurrent protection rated up to AC 500 V and/or DC 500 V for printed circuits and other substrate systems, used for the protection of electric appliances, electronic equipment and component parts thereof, normally intended to be used indoors.
It does not apply to fuse resistors with particular overcurrent protection for appliances intended to be used under special conditions, such as in a corrosive or explosive atmosphere.
The object of this part of IEC 60127 is
a) to establish uniform requirements for fuse resistors with particular overcurrent protection so as to protect appliances or parts of appliances in the most suitable way;
b) to define the performance of the fuse resistors with particular overcurrent protection, so as to give guidance to manufacturers of electrical appliances and electronic equipment and to ensure replacement of fuse resistors with particular overcurrent protection by those of similar dimensions and characteristics;
c) to establish uniform test methods for fuse resistors with particular overcurrent protection, so as to allow verification of the values (for example rated dissipation, functioning characteristic and rated breaking capacity values) specified by the manufacturer.
This part of IEC 60127 applies in addition to the requirements of IEC 60127-1.
This first edition of IEC 60127-8 cancels and replaces IEC PAS 60127-8:2014.
This international standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60127-1.
Keywords: Miniature Fuses, Fuse-Resistors, Overcurrent Protection

IEC 60269-2:2013 provides supplementary requirements for fuses for use by authorized persons and are generally designed to be used in installations where the fuse-links are accessible to, and may be replaced by, authorized persons only. Fuses for use by authorized persons according to the following fuse systems also comply with the requirements of the corresponding subclauses of IEC 60269-1, unless otherwise defined in this standard. This standard is divided into fuse systems, each dealing with a specific example of standardized fuses for use by authorized persons:
- Fuse system A: Fuses with fuse-links with blade contacts (NH fuse system),
- Fuse system B: Fuses with striker fuse-links with blade contacts (NH fuse system),
- Fuse system C: Fuse-rails (NH fuse system),
- Fuse system D: Fuse-bases for busbar mounting (NH fuse system),
- Fuse system E: Fuses with fuse-links for bolted connections (BS bolted fuse system),
- Fuse system F: Fuses with fuse-links having cylindrical contact caps (NF cylindrical fuse system),
- Fuse system G: Fuses with fuse-links with offset blade contacts (BS clip-in fuse system),
- Fuse system H: Fuses with fuse-links having "gD" and "gN" characteristic (class J and class time delay and non time delay fuse types),
- Fuse system I: gU fuse-links with wedge tightening contacts,
- Fuse system J: Fuses with fuse-links having "gD class CC" and "gN class CC" characteristics (class CC time delay and non-time delay fuse types),
- Fuse system K: gK fuse-links with blade for bolted connections - High fuse-link ratings from 1 250 A up to 4 800 A (master fuse-links). This fifth edition of IEC 60269-2 cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
1. fuse systems A and B: modified values for the power dissipation of NH aM fuse-links;
2. fuse systems A and B: introduction of dimension r for NH fuse-links;
3. addition of new fuse system K: gK fuse-links with contacts for bolted connections. Key Words: fuse systems A to K, requirements for fuses
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60269-1:2006.

IEC 60127-1:2023 covers the general requirements and tests applicable to all types of miniature fuse-links (e.g. cartridge fuse-links, sub-miniature fuse-links, universal modular fuse-links and miniature fuse-links for special applications) for the protection of electric appliances, electronic equipment and component parts thereof normally intended to be used indoors. This document does not apply to fuses intended for the protection of low-voltage electrical installations. These are covered by IEC 60269, Low Voltage Fuses. Specific details covering each major subdivision are given in subsequent parts. This document does not apply to fuses for appliances intended to be used under special conditions, such as in a corrosive or explosive atmos­phere.
The object of this document is
- to establish uniform requirements for miniature fuses so as to protect appliances or parts of appliances in the most suitable way,
- to define the performance of the fuses, so as to give guidance to designers of electrical appliances and electronic equipment and to ensure replacement of fuse-links by those of similar dimensions and characteristics,
- to define methods of testing,
- to define maximum sustained dissipation of fuse-links to ensure good compatibility of stated power acceptance when used with fuse-holders according to this document (see IEC 60127-6).

IEC 60127-6:2023 is applicable to fuse-holders for miniature cartridge fuse-links according to IEC 60127-2, sub-miniature fuse-links according to IEC 60127-3, universal modular fuse-links to IEC 60127-4 and miniature fuse-links for special applications to IEC 60127-7 for the protection of electric appliances, electronic equipment and component parts thereof, normally intended for use indoors.
NOTE Requirements for fuse-holders for miniature fuse-links complying with IEC 60127-4 and IEC 60127-7 are under consideration. It does not apply to fuse holders for fuses completely covered by the subsequent parts of IEC 60269-1.

IEC 60269-7:2021 These supplementary requirements apply to fuse-links for the protection of batteries and battery systems, including, but not limited to terminology, for electricity storage in equipment for circuits of nominal voltages up to 1 500 V DC.

IEC 60269-6:2010 gives supplementary requirement to those given in IEC 60269-1 for fuse-links for protecting photovoltaic (PV) strings and photovoltaic (PV) arrays in equipment for circuits of nominal voltages up to 1 500 V d.c.
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60269-1:2006.

The contents of the corrigendum of November 2021 have been included in this copy.

IEC/TR 60269-5:2014 serves as an application guide for low-voltage fuses, shows how current-limiting fuses are easy to apply to protect today's complex and sensitive electrical and electronic equipment. This guidance specifically covers low-voltage fuses up to 1 000 V a.c. and 1 500 V d.c. designed and manufactured in accordance with IEC 60269 series. This guidance provides important facts about as well as information on the application of fuses. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- recommendations for fuse operations in high altitudes added,
- more details for operational voltages added,
- recommendations for photovoltaic system protection added,
- numerous details improved Keywords: application guide for low-voltage fuses, current-limiting fuses

IEC 60127-2:2014 relates to special requirements applicable to cartridge fuse-links for miniature fuses with dimensions measuring 5 mm x 20 mm and 6,3 mm x 32 mm for the protection of electric appliances, electronic equipment and component parts thereof, normally intended for use indoors. It does not apply to cartridge fuse-links for appliances intended to be used under special conditions, such as in corrosive or explosive atmospheres. This standard applies in addition to the requirements of IEC 60127-1. The object of this standard is to define special and additional test methods for cartridge fuse-links applying in addition to the requirements of IEC 60127-1. This third edition of IEC 60127-2 cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2010. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: add 4 new standard sheets 7 up to 10. Keywords: cartridge fuse-links for miniature fuses, protection of electric appliances, electronic equipment and component
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60127-1:2006.

IEC 60127-3:2015 is applicable to sub-miniature fuse-links adapted to printed circuits and used for the protection of electric appliances, electronic equipment and component parts thereof, normally intended to be used indoors. It does not apply to sub-miniature fuse-links for appliances intended to be used under special conditions, such as in a corrosive or explosive atmosphere. This standard applies in addition to the requirements of IEC 60127-1. The object of this standard is to define special and additional test methods for sub-miniature fuse-links applying in addition to the requirements of IEC 60127-1. This third edition of IEC 60127-3 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1988, its Amendment 1 (1991) and Amendment 2 (2002). This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- add a rectangular shape fuse-link as alternative in standard sheets 3 and 4;
- add a small cartridge fuse-link as alternative in standard sheets 2, 3 and 4;
- add the rated currents up to 10A in standard sheets 2, 3 and 4;
- add Subclause 6.5;
- add Subclause 9.7;
- the extra samples for termination test (E1 to E6) will be chosen by random and not sorted by voltage drop in Table 1, 2, 3, and 4. Keywords: sub-miniature fuse-links adapted to printed circuits, protection of electric appliances, electronic equipment and component parts
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60127-1:2006.

IEC 60282-4:2020 applies to expulsion fuses complying with IEC 60282-2 and specifies additional testing requirements for fuses employing a cutout fuse-base that utilizes polymeric insulators.

IEC 60282-1:2020 applies to all types of high-voltage current-limiting fuses designed for use outdoors or indoors on alternating current systems of 50 Hz and 60 Hz and of rated voltages exceeding 1 000 V.
This eighth edition cancels and replaces the seventh edition published in 2009.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
– additional information concerning thermally operated strikers;
– the division of ratings, characteristics and type tests into those applicable to all fuses and those applicable to particular fuse-link types and applications;
– adjustment of Series II voltages and tests to meet present North American standard system voltages and applications;
– clarification of requirements for fuse-links used in surrounding temperatures above 40 °C; and
– clarification of homogeneous requirements for fuse-links containing one element.

IEC 60691:2015 is applicable to thermal-links intended for incorporation in electrical appliances, electronic equipment and component parts thereof, normally intended for use indoors, in order to protect them against excessive temperatures under abnormal conditions. This standard may be applicable to thermal-links for use under conditions other than indoors, provided that the climatic and other circumstances in the immediate surroundings of such thermal-links are comparable with those in this standard. This standard may be applicable to thermal-links in their simplest forms (e.g. melting strips or wires), provided that molten materials expelled during function cannot adversely interfere with the safe use of the equipment, especially in the case of hand-held or portable equipment, irrespective of its position. Annex H of this standard is applicable to thermal-link packaged assemblies where the thermal-link(s) has already been approved to this standard but packaged in a metallic or non-metallic housing and provided with terminals/wiring leads. This standard is applicable to thermal-links with a rated voltage not exceeding 690 V a.c. or d.c. and a rated current not exceeding 63 A. The objectives of this standard are: to establish uniform requirements for thermal-links, to define methods of test, to provide useful information for the application of thermal-links in equipment. This standard is not applicable to thermal-links used under extreme conditions such as corrosive or explosive atmospheres. This standard is not applicable to thermal-links to be used in circuits on a.c. with a frequency lower than 45 Hz or higher than 62 Hz. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2002, Amendment 1:2006 and Amendment 2:2010. This fourth edition constitutes a technical revision. This fourth edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- requirements for thermal-link packaged assemblies;
- renew the requirements and definitions for Th-test;
- change starting temperature for interrupt current test;
- clarify requirements for marking (packing label);
- minimum Proof Tracking Index 175 instead 120. Keywords: thermal protection of equipment, thermal-links The contents of the corrigendum of August 2016 have been included in this copy.

IEC 60127-5:2016 gives a guide for tests for assessing the quality of miniature fuse-links other than type tests, for the case where there is no complete agreement between the user and the manufacturer on what such tests apply. This document provides guidelines and limits generally acceptable for quality control purposes by large scale users and manufacturers of miniature fuse-links. This document has validity for large scale series with lot sizes of 10 000 and more. It is also applicable for smaller lot sizes, if necessary. Periodic inspections by reduced type tests (Clause 5) are intended to be carried out periodically in order to ensure that the level of technical performance previously verified by complete type tests as given in subsequent parts of the IEC 60127 series is maintained. The frequency of periodic in relation to lot-by-lot inspections is not established in this document. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1988. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- addition of new tables in 4.3;
- addition of new tables in Clause 5.
Keywords: quality of miniature fuse-links

Provides general rules for all electrotechnical components installed in power circuits, control and indicating circuits on rail rolling stock. It supplements the rules given in part 1 of IEC 60077. This part and the part 1 replaces IEC 60077 published in 1968.

IEC 60127-7:2015 covers requirements for miniature fuse-links for special applications. This part of IEC 60127 is applicable to fuse-links with a rated voltage not exceeding 1 000 V, a rated current not exceeding 20 A and a rated breaking capacity not exceeding 50 kA. It does not apply to fuses completely covered by the subsequent parts of IEC 60269-1. It does not apply to miniature fuse-links for appliances intended to be used under special conditions, such as in corrosive or explosive atmospheres. This part of IEC 60127 applies in addition to the requirements of IEC 60127-1. Miniature fuse-links for special applications are not intended to be replaced by the end-user of an electrical/electronic appliance. The object of this part of IEC 60127 is to establish uniform test methods for miniature fuse-links for special applications, so as to allow verification of the values (for example melting time and breaking capacity values) specified by the manufacturer. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- defining a test board for surface mount fuse-links, Figure 2;
- defining test schedules for homogenous series.
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60127-1:2006. Keywords: fuse-links with a rated voltage not exceeding 1 000 V, a rated current not exceeding 20 A and a rated breaking capacity not exceeding 50 kA.

This part of IEC 60127 covers the general requirements and tests applicable to all types of miniature fuse-links (e.g. cartridge fuse-links, sub-miniature fuse-links and universal modular fuse-links) for the protection of electric appliances, electronic equipment and component parts thereof normally intended to be used indoors.

IEC 60127-6:2014 is applicable to fuse-holders for miniature cartridge fuse-links according to IEC 60127-2 and sub-miniature fuse-links according to IEC 60127-3 for the protection of electric appliances, electronic equipment and component parts thereof, normally intended for use indoors. Examples of fuse-holder types with different features are given. This part of IEC 60127 applies to fuse-holders with:
- a maximum rated current of 16 A; and
- a maximum rated voltage of 1 500 V d.c. or 1 000 V a.c.; and
- for use up to 2 000 m above sea-level, unless otherwise specified. The object of this standard is to establish uniform requirements for safety and the assessment of electrical, mechanical, thermal and climatic properties of fuse-holders and the compatibility between fuse-holders and fuse-links. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1994, its Amendment 1 (1996) and Amendment 2 (2002). This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- modify the arrangement of the fuse-holder samples in the planes in 13.1.1;
- add a new test 13.2.2: Glow-wire ignition test;
- change maximum gauge size for standard sheets 3 and 4 from 0,70 to 0,63 in table 5;
- change minimum gauge size for standard sheets 3 and 4 from 0,55 to 0,56 in table 5. Keywords: fuse-holders for miniature cartridge fuse-links, sub-miniature fuse-links, protection of electric appliances, electronic equipment and component parts.

IEC/TR 62655:2013 provides information for understanding the construction, operation and application of high-voltage fuses in general. Current-limiting, expulsion, electronic, and other, non-current-limiting, fuses rated above 1 kV a.c. are all covered, as are North American, European and other application practices. As a technical report, this document contains no requirement and is informative only. Key words: high-voltage fuses

IEC 60549:2013 applies to external fuses used with high-voltage capacitors according to IEC 60871-1, Shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated voltage above 1 000 V - Part 1: General. IEC 60871-1 is applicable to both capacitor units and capacitor banks intended to be used, particularly, for power-factor correction of a.c. power systems, and also to capacitors intended for use in power filter circuits. Fuses according to IEC 60549:2013 are intended to clear either faults inside a capacitor unit to permit continued operation of the remaining parts of the bank in which the unit is connected (unit fuses) or faults on the whole capacitor bank to isolate the bank from the system (line fuses). This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1976. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- alignment of the document with current IEC document structure requirements;
- clarification of certain test requirements. Keywords: external fuses used with high-voltage capacitors, shunt capacitors for a.c.power system

IEC 60127-7:2013 covers requirements for miniature fuse-links for special applications. It does not apply to fuses completely covered by the subsequent parts of IEC 60269-1. It does not apply to miniature fuse-links for appliances intended to be used under special conditions, such as in corrosive or explosive atmospheres. This standard applies in addition to the requirements of IEC 60127-1. This standard is applicable to fuse-links with a rated voltage not exceeding 1000 V, a rated current not exceeding 20 A and a rated breaking capacity not exceeding 50 kA. Miniature fuse-links for special applications are not intended to be replaced by the end-user of an electrical/electronic appliance. The object of this standard is to establish uniform test methods for miniature fuse-links for special applications, so as to allow verification of the values (for example melting time and breaking capacity values) specified by the manufacturer. Keywords: requirements for miniature fuse-links
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60127-1:2006.

The contents of the corrigendum of March 2013 and of June 2013 have been included in this copy.

Specifications for:[
]-single-core non-sheathed cable with rigid conductor for general purposes;[
]-single-core non-sheathed cable with flexible conductor for general purposes;[
]-single-core non-sheathed cable with solid conductor for internal wiring for a conductor temperature of 70°C and 105°C[
]-single-core non-sheathed cable with flexible conductor for internal wiring for a conductor temperature of 70°C and 105°C.

IEC/TR 60269-5:2010 serves as an application guide for low-voltage fuses, shows how current-limiting fuses are easy to apply to protect today's complex and sensitive electrical and electronic equipment. This guidance specifically covers low-voltage fuses up to 1 000 V a.c. and 1 500 V d.c. designed and manufactured in accordance with IEC 60269 series. This guidance provides important facts about as well as information on the application of fuses.

Relates to special requirements applicable to cartridge fuse-links for miniature fuses with dimensions of 5 mm x 20 mm and 6.3 mm x 32 mm for the protection of electric appliances, electronic equipment and component parts thereof, normally intended for use indoors.