ASTM B243-16
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: B243 − 16
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
4.1 Processes 3.5.1
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are
5 Miscellaneous
helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metal- 5.1 Definitions 3.6.1
5.2 Processes 3.6.7
lurgy terms.
5.3 Materials 3.6.14
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 Definitions: Powder— Terms associated with
2.1 ASTM Standards:
production,characterization,use,andtestingofmetalpowders.
B331Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in
3.2.1 General:
Uniaxial Compaction
agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
3. Terminology
metal powder, n—particles of elemental metals or alloys,
normally less than 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
3.1 Table of Contents
particulate matter, n—see powder.
1 Powders
PM, n— the acronym for powder metallurgy.
1.0 General 3.2.1
1.1 Processes to Produce Powder 3.2.8
powder, n—particlesthatareusuallylessthan1000µm(1mm)
1.2 Types of Powder 3.2.20
1.3 Shapes of Powder Particles 3.2.44 in size.
1.4 Additives to Powder 3.2.53
1.5 Treatment of Powder 3.2.60 powder metallurgy, n—theproductionandutilizationofmetal
1.6 Properties of Powder 3.2.65
powders.
1.7 Procedures to Evaluate Powder 3.2.92
1.8 Equipment to Evaluate Powder 3.2.96
3.2.8 Processes to Produce Powder
air classification, n—the separation of powder into particle
2 Forming
size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled
2.0 General 3.3.1
2.1 Processes for Compacting 3.3.13
velocity.
2.2 Conditions of Compacting
2.3 Tools Used for Compacting 3.3.30
atomization, n—thedispersionofamoltenmetalintoparticles
2.4 Phenomena Resulting from 3.3.44
by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechanical
Compaction
means.
2.5 Properties of Compacts 3.3.60
2.6 Forging 3.3.65
chemical deposition, n—the precipitation of one metal from a
2.7 Metal Injection Molding 3.3.73
solution of its salts by the addition of another metal or
3 Sintering
reagent to the solution.
3.1 Process for Sintering 3.4.1
3.2 Conditions During Sintering 3.4.13
chemically precipitated metal powder, n—powder produced
3.3 Phenomena Resulting from Sintering 3.4.20
by the reduction of a metal from a solution of its salts either
3.4 Properties of Sintered Parts 3.4.41
3.5 Procedure to Evaluate Sintered 3.4.59
by the addition of another metal higher in the electromotive
Parts
series or by other reducing agent.
3.6 Removal of Binders 3.4.61
classification, n—separationofapowderintofractionsaccord-
4 Postsinter Treatments
ing to particle size.
disintegration, n—the reduction of massive material to pow-
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal
der.
Powders and Metal Powder Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
tee B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
gas classification, n—the separation of powder into particle
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2016.PublishedJuly2016.Originallyapproved
size fractions by means of a gas stream of controlled
in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as B243–13. DOI: 10.1520/
B0243-16. velocity.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B243 − 16
granulation, n—the production of coarse metal particles by nanopowder, n—apowderconsistingofparticlestypicallyless
pouring the molten metal through a screen into water than 100 nm in size.
(shotting) or by violent agitation of the molten metal while
partially alloyed powder, n—a powder in which the alloy
solidifying.
addition or additions are metallurgically bonded to an
milling, n—the mechanical treatment of metal powder, or
elemental or pre-alloyed powder.
metal powder mixtures, as in a ball mill, to alter the size or
powder mixture, n—a powder made by mixing two or more
shapeoftheindividualparticlesortocoatonecomponentof
powders of differing chemical composition, particle size
the mixture with another.
distribution, particle shape, or a combination of these char-
pulverization, n—the reduction in particle size of metal
acteristics.
powder by mechanical means, a specific type of disintegra-
pre-alloyed powder, n—powder composed of two or more
tion.
elements that are alloyed in the powder manufacturing
reduced metal powder, n—metal powder produced, without
process in which the particles are of the same nominal
melting, by the chemical reduction of metal oxides or other
composition throughout. Synonymous with completely al-
compo
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B243 − 13 B243 − 16
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metallurgy
terms.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B331 Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in Uniaxial Compaction
3. Terminology
3.1 Table of Contents
1 Powders
1.0 General 3.2.1
1.1 Processes to Produce Powder 3.2.8
1.2 Types of Powder 3.2.20
1.3 Shapes of Powder Particles 3.2.44
1.4 Additives to Powder 3.2.53
1.5 Treatment of Powder 3.2.60
1.6 Properties of Powder 3.2.65
1.7 Procedures to Evaluate Powder 3.2.92
1.8 Equipment to Evaluate Powder 3.2.96
2 Forming
2.0 General 3.3.1
2.1 Processes for Compacting 3.3.13
2.2 Conditions of Compacting
2.3 Tools Used for Compacting 3.3.30
2.4 Phenomena Resulting from Compaction 3.3.44
2.5 Properties of Compacts 3.3.60
2.6 Forging 3.3.65
2.7 Metal Injection Molding 3.3.73
3 Sintering
3.1 Process for Sintering 3.4.1
3.2 Conditions During Sintering 3.4.13
3.3 Phenomena Resulting from Sintering 3.4.20
3.4 Properties of Sintered Parts 3.4.41
3.5 Procedure to Evaluate Sintered Parts 3.4.59
3.6 Removal of Binders 3.4.61
4 Postsinter Treatments
4.1 Processes 3.5.1
5 Miscellaneous
5.1 Definitions 3.6.1
5.2 Processes 3.6.7
5.3 Materials 3.6.14
3.2 Definitions: Powder— Terms associated with production, characterization, use, and testing of metal powders.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013July 1, 2016. Published December 2013July 2016. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 as
B243 – 12.B243 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/B0243-13.10.1520/B0243-16.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B243 − 16
3.2.1 General:
agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
metal powder, n—particles of elemental metals or alloys, normally less than 1000 μm (1 mm) in size.
particulate matter, n—see powder.
PM, n— the acronym for powder metallurgy.
powder, n—particles that are usually less than 1000 μm (1 mm) in size.
powder metallurgy, n—the production and utilization of metal powders.
3.2.8 Processes to Produce Powder
air classification, n—the separation of powder into particle size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled velocity.
atomization, n—the dispersion of a molten metal into particles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechanical means.
chemical deposition, n—the precipitation of one metal from a solution of its salts by the addition of another metal or reagent to
the solution.
chemically precipitated metal powder, n—powder produced by the reduction of a metal from a solution of its salts either by the
addition of another metal higher in the electromotive series or by other reducing agent.
classification, n—separation of a powder into fractions according to particle size.
disintegration, n—the reduction of massive material to powder.
gas classification, n—the separation of powder into particle size fractions by means of a gas stream of controlled velocity.
granulation, n—the production of coarse metal particles by pouring the molten metal through a screen into water (shotting) or by
violent agitation of the molten metal while solidifying.
milling, n—the mechanical treatment of metal powder, or metal powder mixtures, as in a ball mill, to alter the size or shape of
the individual particles or to coat one component of the mixture with another.
pulverization, n—the reduction in particle size of metal powder by mechanical means, a specific type of disintegration.
reduced metal powder, n—metal powder produced, without melting, by the chemical reduction of metal oxides or other
compounds.
3.2.20 Types of Powder:
atomized metal powder, n—metal powder produced by the dispersion of a molten metal by a rapidly moving gas, or liquid stream,
or by mechanical dispersion
carbonyl powder, n—a metal powder prepared b
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.