ASTM C1941-24

• Abstract:

  SCOPE; 1.1 This specification covers the manufacturing requirements for precast reinforced concrete monolithic box sections that are intended to be installed using jacking techniques. The typical use of this type of product is for the construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water, industrial wastes and sewage. ; 1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to supplement the existing manufacturing standards for precast reinforced concrete box sections and provide the additional manufacturing details required for box sections that will be installed using jacking techniques. The parent manufacturing standard for the precast reinforced concrete box sections is denoted as the “designated precast reinforced concrete box section manufacturing standard” throughout this document. The requirements included within shall supplement and supersede the designated precast reinforced concrete box section manufacturing standard when the box sections are to be used for jacking. ; Note 1: This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification for precast reinforced concrete box sections installed using jacking techniques, to be utilized in conjunction with the designated precast reinforced concrete box section manufacturing standard. It is possible that such box sections will require a special design to withstand the anticipated longitudinal loading. Additional calculations and information beyond what are required for a non-jacked installed box section are required to establish maximum jacking forces. For calculating allowable jacking forces, ASCE 28 may be referenced. ; Note 2: This standard may be used to supplement existing standards for precast reinforced concrete box sections when the box sections will be installed using trenchless methods. Such “designated precast reinforced concrete box section manufacturing standards” include, but are not limited, to ASTM C1433, ASTM C1577, and AASHTO M259. ; 1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. ; 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ; 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2023
• Technical Committee: C13 - Concrete Pipe
• Drafting Committee: C13.07 - Acceptance Specifications and Precast Concrete Box Sections

• Refers: ASTM C990-09(2019) - Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019

Overview

ASTM C1941-24 is the Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers for Jacking. This specification establishes the manufacturing requirements for precast reinforced concrete box sections that are specifically intended for installation using jacking techniques. These techniques allow for trenchless installation, commonly applied in infrastructure projects involving culverts, stormwater conveyance, industrial waste management, and sewer systems.

This standard supplements and, where necessary, supersedes general precast box section manufacturing standards to address the unique requirements of jacking installations. It is designed for use alongside recognized industry standards such as ASTM C1433, ASTM C1577, and AASHTO M259, with additional details to ensure performance under jacking forces.

Key Topics

• Manufacturing Requirements: Covers detailed criteria for the production of jackable reinforced concrete box sections, including concrete quality, reinforcement, dimensional tolerances, and finish.
• Jacking Application Details: Requires manufacturers to provide data on jacking thrust capacity, joint dimensions, reinforcement specifics, and concrete compressive strength.
• Joint Requirements: Specifies joint types and reinforcement suitable for jacking installations, referencing standards like ASTM C990 and C1677 for joints using flexible sealants or rubber gaskets.
• Inspection and Quality Assurance: Provides guidance for inspection procedures, allowable repair methods, rejection criteria for manufacturing defects, and required product markings.
• Physical and Dimensional Tolerances: Defines permissible variations in internal and external dimensions, slab and wall thicknesses, end squareness, and overall box section length.
• Workmanship: Details required surface finish, necessary repairs, and criteria for accepting or rejecting box sections based on structural or cosmetic flaws.
• Safety and Compliance: Notes that safety, health, and environmental responsibility lies with the user and underscores adherence to international standardization principles.

Applications

Box sections manufactured under ASTM C1941-24 are tailored for applications where jacking techniques are used, providing several practical advantages:

• Trenchless Installation: Essential for urban or developed areas where open-cut methods are impractical, minimizing surface disruption.
• Culverts and Drainage: Suitable for robust stormwater management, enabling installation beneath roadways, railways, or existing structures.
• Sewer and Industrial Waste Conveyance: Delivers strength and durability for sewage systems or the transport of industrial effluents.
• Infrastructure Rehabilitation: Allows for the upgrade or replacement of underground utilities without significant excavation, reducing project timelines and overall costs.
• Special Design Capability: Accommodates customized designs to withstand anticipated longitudinal forces developed during jacking.

The standard’s requirements ensure that precast concrete box sections maintain structural integrity and joint performance under the specialized stresses of jacking operations.

Related Standards

ASTM C1941-24 is closely associated with other industry-recognized standards for precast concrete and trenchless installations, including:

• ASTM C1433: Specification for general precast reinforced concrete monolithic box sections for culverts, storm drains, and sewers.
• ASTM C1577: Focuses on precast monolithic box sections designed to AASHTO LRFD specifications.
• AASHTO M259: Standard for precast reinforced concrete box sections, especially in transportation infrastructure.
• ASCE 28: Provides guidelines on direct design of precast box sections for jacking in trenchless projects.
• ASTM C990 and C1677: Specifications for joint sealants and rubber gaskets used in concrete box sections.

These referenced documents offer foundational design and manufacturing requirements, which ASTM C1941-24 enhances for the specific demands of jacking installations in civil engineering projects.

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Keywords: precast concrete box sections, jacking, trenchless installation, stormwater culverts, reinforced concrete, sewers, ASTM C1941-24, infrastructure, storm drains, joint requirements.

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1941 − 24
Standard Specification for
Precast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections for
Culverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers for Jacking
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This specification covers the manufacturing require-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ments for precast reinforced concrete monolithic box sections
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
that are intended to be installed using jacking techniques. The
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
typical use of this type of product is for the construction of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
culverts and for the conveyance of storm water, industrial
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
wastes and sewage.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
supplement the existing manufacturing standards for precast
reinforced concrete box sections and provide the additional
2. Referenced Documents
manufacturing details required for box sections that will be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
installed using jacking techniques. The parent manufacturing
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
standard for the precast reinforced concrete box sections is
Products
denoted as the “designated precast reinforced concrete box
C990 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes,
section manufacturing standard” throughout this document.
and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint
The requirements included within shall supplement and super-
Sealants
sede the designated precast reinforced concrete box section
C1433 Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Mono-
manufacturing standard when the box sections are to be used
lithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and
for jacking.
Sewers
NOTE 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica-
C1577 Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Mono-
tion for precast reinforced concrete box sections installed using jacking
lithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and
techniques, to be utilized in conjunction with the designated precast
Sewers Designed According to AASHTO LRFD
reinforced concrete box section manufacturing standard. It is possible that
C1677 Specification for Joints for Concrete Box, Using
such box sections will require a special design to withstand the anticipated
longitudinal loading. Additional calculations and information beyond Rubber Gaskets
what are required for a non-jacked installed box section are required to 3
2.2 AASHTO Standards:
establish maximum jacking forces. For calculating allowable jacking
AASHTO M259 Standard Specification for Precast Rein-
forces, ASCE 28 may be referenced.
forced Concrete Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains,
NOTE 2—This standard may be used to supplement existing standards
for precast reinforced concrete box sections when the box sections will be
and Sewers Designed According to AASHTO LRFD
installed using trenchless methods. Such “designated precast reinforced
2.3 ASCE Standards:
concrete box section manufacturing standards” include, but are not
ASCE 28 Standard Practice for Direct Design of Precast
limited, to ASTM C1433, ASTM C1577, and AASHTO M259.
Concrete Box Sections for Jacking in Trenchless Con-
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
struction
regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are
included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.07 on Officials (AASHTO), 555 12th St., NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20004,
Acceptance Specifications and Precast Concrete Box Sections. http://www.transportation.org.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2024. Published January 2024. DOI: 10.1520/ Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander
C1941-24 Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http://www.asce.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1941 − 24
3. Terminology 6.1.2 Compression Testing of Cores—The number of cores,
preparation, and testing shall be as required in the designated
3.1 Definitions:
precast reinforced concrete box section manufacturing stan-
3.1.1 For Definitions of terms relating to concrete box
dard. However, all core tests shall meet or exceed 85 % of the
sections not included in this standard, see Terminology C822.
required concrete strength. The averaging of core strengths is
3.1.2 jacking box sections, n—box sections installed using
not permitted. Verification of concrete strength through core
hydraulic jacking to push the box sections through soil or into
testing shall only be performed when concrete cylinders are not
or through an existing structure, behind a shield machine to
available.
form a continuous pipeline in the ground without needing to
open-cut the area for typical installation techniques.
6.2 Joint Reinforcements:
6.2.1 Joints shall be designated to meet ASTM C990,
4. Ordering Information
C1677, or as agreed to by the installer and manufacturer to
4.1 In addition to the requirements of the designated precast
meet the requirements of the installation method and equip-
reinforced concrete box section manufacturing standard, the
ment employed.
manufacturer shall submit the following manufacturing data
6.2.2 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the
for the concrete box culvert to the owner/owner’s engineer for
concrete box sections so formed that the box sections can be
approval if requested by the owner/owner’s engineer.
laid together to make a continuous line compatible with the
4.1.1 Top slab thickness, bottom slab thickness, side wall
permissible variations given in Section 7.
thickness, haunch sizes, joint dimensions, lay length and
6.2.3 Notwithstanding the requirements of the designated
outside corner details such as radius or fillet.
precast reinforced concrete box section manufacturing
4.1.2 Design concrete compressive strength.
standard, the bell/groove and spigot/tongue of the box section
4.1.3 The jacking axial thrust capacity of the box section
shall contain embedded reinforcement as required by the
and the assumptions used to calculate it.
design of the box section and joint for installation loads,
NOTE 3—The jacking axial thrust capacity of the box section is highly
vertical earth loads or joint sealing loads, or combination
dependent upon the joint packing material supplied by the installer and the
thereof. The minimum amount of reinforcement in the bell/
alignment of the box sections. The packing should have sufficient material
groove shall be at least as much as is provided in the outer cage
properties to appropriately distribute the jacking force. Packing material
of the box section barrel. This reinforcement shall be an
needs to be thick enough to distribute jacking forces in both the straight
extension of the outer line of reinforcement.
and angular positions, while not being so thick that it impedes the
hydraulic or joint sealing performance of the joint.
NOTE 5—The joint reinforcement requirements of the designated
4.2 Joint Details fo
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