ASTM E1412-00(2005)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration With Activated Charcoal
Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration With Activated Charcoal
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for removing small quantities of ignitable liquid residue from samples of fire debris using an adsorbent material to extract the residue from the static headspace above the sample, then eluting the adsorbent with a solvent.
1.2 While this practice is suitable for successfully extracting ignitable liquid residues over the entire range of concentration, the headspace concentration methods are best used when a high level of sensitivity is required due to a very low concentration of ignitable liquid residues in the sample.
1.2.1 Unlike other methods of separation and concentration, this practice is essentially nondestructive.
1.3 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents. (see Practices).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:E1412–00 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Practice for
Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris
Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration With
Activated Charcoal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1412; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Practice
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for removing small 3.1 Charcoal in some form of an adsorption package is
quantitiesofignitableliquidresiduefromsamplesoffiredebris placed in the sample container to adsorb ignitable liquid
using an adsorbent material to extract the residue from the residues. The container may be heated or left at ambient
static headspace above the sample, then eluting the adsorbent temperature. The charcoal is removed and eluted with CS or
with a solvent. diethyl ether.
1.2 Whilethispracticeissuitableforsuccessfullyextracting
4. Significance and Use
ignitable liquid residues over the entire range of concentration,
4.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire
theheadspaceconcentrationmethodsarebestusedwhenahigh
level of sensitivity is required due to a very low concentration debris for later analysis by gas chromatography, GC/MS, or
GC/IR.
of ignitable liquid residues in the sample.
1.2.1 Unlike other methods of separation and concentration, 4.2 This is a very sensitive separation procedure, capable of
isolating quantities smaller than ⁄10 µL of ignitable liquid
this practice is essentially nondestructive.
1.3 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are residue from a sample.
listed in the referenced documents. (see Practices).
5. Apparatus
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Heating System—An oven, or a heating mantle to fit the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
evidence container (or a hot plate).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1.1 An oven is recommended to achieve a constant
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
temperature throughout the system.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.2 Temperature Measuring Device—A thermometer or
2. Referenced Documents
thermocouple capable of measuring temperatures in the range
of 40 to 150°C.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water 5.3 Adsorption Package.
5.3.1 Commercial charcoal adsorption packages are avail-
E 752 PracticeforSafetyandHealthRequirementsRelating
to Occupational Exposure to Carbon Disulfide able from several companies. These packages, in the form of
polymerstripsorsmallcharcoalcanistersor“Cbags,”areused
E 1387 Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Ex-
tracts from Samples of Fire Debris by Gas Chromatogra- to adsorp organic vapors.
5.3.1.1 Theminimumrecommendedpolymerstripsizeis10
phy
E 1459 Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling and Related mm by 10 mm, or 100 mm .
5.3.2 Non-Commercial Adsorption Packages.
Documentation
E 1492 Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and 5.3.2.1 C-Bags—Prepare C-bags by encapsulating 0.2 g of
activated charcoal within a folded sheet of high strength, light
Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory
E 1618 Guide for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts weight, high porosity tissue paper, such as that commonly used
for making tea bags.
from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass
Spectrometry 5.3.3 Storage of Adsorption Packages— To prevent con-
tamination, store all adsorption packages away from any
sources of organic vapors prior to and after use for sampling.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published September 2005 . Originally Dietz, W. R., “Improved Charcoal Packaging for Accelerant Recovery by
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E 1412 – 00. Passive Diffusion,” Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol 35, 1991, pp. 111–121. (Unk)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1412–00 (2005)
6. Reagents and Materials selected. Temperatures lower than 60°C may be insufficient to
volatilize compounds heavier than C16.
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
7.3.2 Temperatures in excess of 80°C may result in dispro-
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
portionate recovery of higher molecular weight compounds
all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on
with the displacement of lower molecular weight compounds.
Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where
7.3.3 The optimum adsorption time for representative sam-
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used,
pling or maximum sensitivity, or both, will depend on the
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
adsorption package, the adsorption temperature, and the ignit-
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
able liquid composition and concentration.
the determination.
7.3.3.1 Adsorption times for routine screening of samples
6.1.1 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, refer-
are typically in the range of 8 to 24 h.
ences to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as
7.3.3.2 Data that appears overloaded or excessively dis-
defined by Type IV of Specification D 1193.
placed may be corrected by resampling at ambient tempera-
6.2 C-Bags:
tures, or with shortened adsorption times (1 to 4 h).
6.2.1 4 by 5 in. (approximate) high strength, light weight,
7.4 0.1 µLor 0.5 µLof an internal standard may be added to
high porosity filter p
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