ASTM E1413-19
(Practice)Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Dynamic Headspace Concentration onto an Adsorbent Tube
Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Dynamic Headspace Concentration onto an Adsorbent Tube
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for subsequent qualitative analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, see Test Method E1618.
5.2 The sensitivity of this practice is such that a sample consisting of a laboratory tissue onto which as little as 0.1 µL of ignitable liquid has been deposited, in an otherwise empty sample container, will result in an extract that is sufficient for identification and classification using Test Method E1618 (1).
5.2.1 Recovery from fire debris samples will vary, depending on factors including debris temperature, adsorbent temperature, container size, adsorptive material, headspace volume, sampling time and flow rate, and adsorptive competition from the sample matrix (2).
5.3 The principal concepts of dynamic headspace concentration are similar to those of static headspace concentration (Practice E3189). The dynamic headspace concentration technique can be more sensitive than the static headspace concentration technique. However, sample containers subjected to dynamic headspace concentration could be unsuitable for re-sampling.
5.3.1 Dynamic headspace concentration alters the original composition of the test sample because a portion of the original headspace from the sample container is removed and exchanged with dry inert gas or air. A portion of the concentrated headspace sample should be preserved for potential future analysis, if possible and if required, in accordance with Practice E2451.
5.4 Common solid adsorbent/desorption procedure combinations in use are activated carbon/solvent elution, and Tenax4 TA/thermal desorption.
5.5 Solid adsorbent/desorption procedure combinations not specifically described in this standard can be used as long as the practice has been validated as outlined in Section 11.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples using dynamic headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube, with subsequent solvent elution or thermal desorption.
1.2 Dynamic headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube takes place from a closed, rigid sample container (typically a metal can), using a source of dry inert gas or a vacuum system.
1.3 Both positive and negative applied pressure systems for dynamic headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube are illustrated and described.
1.4 This practice is suitable for preparing extracts from fire debris samples containing a range of volumes (µL to mL) of ignitable liquid residues, with sufficient recovery for subsequent qualitative analysis (1).2
1.5 Alternative headspace concentration methods are listed in Section 2 (see Practices E1388, E1412, E3189, and E2154).
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard cannot replace knowledge, skills, or abilities acquired through education, training, and experience (Practice E2917) and is to be used in conjunction with professional judgment by individuals with such discipline-specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1413 − 19 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris
Samples by Dynamic Headspace Concentration onto an
1
Adsorbent Tube
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1413; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples using dy-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
namic headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube, with
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
subsequent solvent elution or thermal desorption.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 Dynamic headspace concentration onto an adsorbent
tube takes place from a closed, rigid sample container (typi-
2. Referenced Documents
cally a metal can), using a source of dry inert gas or a vacuum
3
system.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1388 Practice for Static Headspace Sampling of Vapors
1.3 Both positive and negative applied pressure systems for
from Fire Debris Samples
dynamic headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube are
illustrated and described. E1412 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues
from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concen-
1.4 This practice is suitable for preparing extracts from fire
tration with Activated Charcoal
debris samples containing a range of volumes (µL to mL) of
E1459 Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling and Related
ignitable liquid residues, with sufficient recovery for subse-
2
Documentation
quent qualitative analysis (1).
E1492 Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and
1.5 Alternative headspace concentration methods are listed
Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory
in Section 2 (see Practices E1388, E1412, E3189, and E2154).
E1618 TestMethodforIgnitableLiquidResiduesinExtracts
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Spectrometry
standard.
E1732 Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
1.7 This standard cannot replace knowledge, skills, or E2154 Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignit-
abilities acquired through education, training, and experience
able Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Pas-
(Practice E2917) and is to be used in conjunction with
sive Headspace Concentration with Solid Phase Microex-
professional judgment by individuals with such discipline-
traction (SPME)
specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.
E2451 Practice for Preserving Ignitable Liquids and Ignit-
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the able Liquid Residue Extracts from Fire Debris Samples
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the E2917 Practice for Forensic Science Practitioner Training,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Continuing Education, and Professional Development
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Programs
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E3189 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues
from Fire Debris Samples by Static Headspace Concen-
tration onto an Adsorbent Tube
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
Current edition approved June 1, 2019. Published June 2019. Originally
3
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1413 – 13. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/E1413-19. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1413 − 19
3. Terminology 5.3 The principal concepts of dynamic headspace concen-
tration are similar to those of static headspace concentration
3.1 Definit
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1413 − 13 E1413 − 19
Standard Practice for
Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris
Samples by Dynamic Headspace Concentration onto an
1
Adsorbent Tube
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1413; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of small quantities of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples
using the method of dynamic headspace concentration.dynamic headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube, with subsequent
solvent elution or thermal desorption.
1.2 Dynamic headspace concentration uses adsorption and subsequent solvent elution or thermal desorption.onto an adsorbent
tube takes place from a closed, rigid sample container (typically a metal can), using a source of dry inert gas or a vacuum system.
1.3 Both positive and negative applied pressure systems for adsorption are described, as well as a thermal desorption
system.dynamic headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube are illustrated and described.
1.4 While this This practice is suitable for successfully extracting ignitable liquid residues over the entire range of
concentration, the headspace concentration methods are best used when a high level of sensitivity is required due to a very low
concentration preparing extracts from fire debris samples containing a range of volumes (μL to mL) of ignitable liquid residues
2
in the sample.residues, with sufficient recovery for subsequent qualitative analysis (1).
1.5 Alternate separation and concentration proceduresAlternative headspace concentration methods are listed in Section 2. If
archival of the extract is of importance, then this practice’s thermal desorption procedure, SPME (Practice (see Practices E2154),
and headspace (Practice E1388), E1412sample, E3189separation techniques are not recommended unless a portion of the extract
can be split and retained. In order to have an archivable extract, then this practice’s sample collection on charcoal, solvent
extraction (Practice , and E1386E2154), or passive headspace concentration (Practice ).E1412) is recommended.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This standard cannot replace
knowledge, skill,skills, or abilityabilities acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience (Practice E2917) and
should is to be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment.professional judgment by individuals with such
discipline-specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1386 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Solvent Extraction
E1388 Practice for Static Headspace Sampling of Vapors from Fire Debris Samples
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2013June 1, 2019. Published September 2013June 2019. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20072013 as
E1413 – 07.E1413 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/E1413-13.10.1520/E1413-19.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © AST
...
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