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ASTM C865-02

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens

Standard Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the firing of specimens made from refractory concretes (castable refractories) in accordance with Practice C 862 for cast specimens. The procedure is also recommended for heating rates to be used for high-temperature test methods such as Methods C 16, C 583, etc., when these methods are used to test refractory concretes.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2002
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories
Drafting Committee
C08.09 - Monolithics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C865-91(1995) - Standard Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Replaced By
ASTM C865-02(2007) - Standard Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
Effective Date
01-Oct-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1113/C1113M-09(2019) - Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories by Hot Wire (Platinum Resistance Thermometer Technique)
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM C401-12(2022) - Standard Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM C903-15(2020) - Standard Practice for Preparing Refractory Specimens by Cold Gunning
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM C704/C704M-15(2022)e1 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room Temperature
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002

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ASTM C865-02 - Standard Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C 865–02
Standard Practice for
1
Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 865; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope C 583 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory
2
Materials at Elevated Temperatures
1.1 This practice covers the firing of specimens made from
C 704 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory
refractory concretes (castable refractories) in accordance with
2
Materials at Room Temperature
Practice C 862 for cast specimens. The procedure is also
C 832 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Expansion
recommended for heating rates to be used for high-temperature
2
and Creep of Refractories Under Load
test methods such as Methods C 16, C 583, etc., when these
C 862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Speci-
methods are used to test refractory concretes.
2
mens by Casting
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
E 220 Method for Calibration of Thermocouples by Com-
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
4
parison Techniques
information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 This practice is used to standardize the firing conditions
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of refractory concrete specimens prepared in accordance with
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Practice C 862. The standards are set down to minimize
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
laboratory-to-laboratory variation and do not attempt to dupli-
2. Referenced Documents cate any particular field applications.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Apparatus
C 16 Method of Load Testing Refractory Brick at High
2 4.1 Kiln, equipped with instruments capable of controlling
Temperatures
the heating rate of the kiln at 100 to 700°F (55 to 380°C)/h (see
C 20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorp-
6.5) and holding the soak temperature to 610°F (5.5°C) of the
tion, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of
2 nominal soak temperature. For temperatures up to 2500°F
Burned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
2 (1370°C) an electrically heated kiln is preferred, but gas- or
C 113 Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
oil-fired kilns can be used for all temperatures, provided the
C 133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modu-
2 heating rates specified can be maintained, the flame of the
lus of Rupture of Refractories
burners does not impinge directly on any specimen, and the
C 210 Test Method for Reheat Change of Insulating Fire-
2 furnace atmosphere contains a minimum of 0.5 % oxygen with
brick
0 % combustibles.
C 288 Test Method for Disintegration of Refractories in an
1
2 4.2 Balances—For9by4 ⁄2 by 2 or 3-in. (228 by 114 by 51
Atmosphere of Carbon Monoxide
or 76-mm) samples, a balance with a capacity of 15 lb (6.8 kg)
C 401 Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate
2
and a sensitivity of 0.01 lb (4.5 g) is recommended; for smaller
Castable Refractories
specimens (for example, 6 by 1 by 1-in. (152 by 25 by 25-mm)
C 546 Method of Load Testing Refractory Brick at High
3
bars), a 2-kg balance with a sensitivity of 0.1 g is recom-
Temperatures, Long-Time
mended.
4.3 Caliper or Steel Rule, to measure the dimensions of the
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC08onRefractories specimens. For large specimens, a 12-in. (305-mm) steel rule
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithic Refractories.
with 0.01-in. (0.3-mm) divisions is recommended. For smaller
Current edition approved Nov 10, 2002. Published June 2003. Originally
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 1987 as C 865 – 87.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
3 4
Discontinued. See 1985 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01. Discontinued. See 1994 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C865–02
specimens, a 250-mm caliper with 0.1-mm divisions is recom- 6.5 The following maximum heating rates at temperatures
mended. Other measuring devices of the same or better below 1500°F (815°C) are recommended:
precision may also be used.
Maximum Heating
Cross Section of Specimen Rate
5. Preparation of Samples
in. mm °F/h °C/h
5.1 Samples are
...

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ASTM C863-00(2022)(Test Method)
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3.1 The oxidation of silicon carbide refractories at elevated temperatures is an important consideration in the application of these refractories. The product of oxidation is amorphous silica or cristobalite, depending upon the temperature at which oxidation takes place. This oxide formation is associated with expansion and degradation of strength. The quantity of water vapor in the atmosphere greatly affects the rate of oxidation.  
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1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the oxidation resistance of silicon carbide refractories at elevated temperatures in an atmosphere of steam. The steam is used to accelerate the test. Oxidation resistance is the ability of the silicon carbide (SiC) in the refractory to resist conversion to silicon dioxide (SiO2) and its attendant crystalline growth.  
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