ASTM D2509-03(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating Grease (Timken Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating Grease (Timken Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method is used widely for specification purposes and is used to differentiate between greases having low, medium, or high levels of extreme pressure characteristics. The results may not correlate with results from service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-carrying capacity of lubricating greases by means of the Timken Extreme Pressure Tester.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.1, 7.2, and 9.4.
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Designation: D2509 − 03(Reapproved 2008)
Designation: 326/83 (88)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating
1
Grease (Timken Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2509; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2.1 Discussion—Whenthelubricantfilmissubstantially
maintained, a smooth scar is obtained on the test block, but
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-
when there is a breakdown of the lubricant film, scoring or
carrying capacity of lubricating greases by means of the
2
surfacefailureofthetestblocktakesplaceasshowninFig.1.
Timken Extreme Pressure Tester.
Initssimplestandrecognizedform,scoringischaracterizedby
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
a wide scar on the test block and by the transfer of metal from
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
thetestblocktothecontactingsurfaceofthetestcup.Theform
only.
of surface failure more usually encountered, however, consists
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of a comparatively smooth scar, which shows local damage
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the that usually extends beyond the width of the scar. Scratches or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
striationsthatoccurinanotherwisesmoothscarandthatdonot
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- extend beyond the width of the scar are not considered scoring
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
in this test method.
warning statements, see 7.1, 7.2, and 9.4.
3.1.3 seizure or welding, n—localized fusion of rubbing
metal, usually indicated by streaks of transferred metal, in-
2. Referenced Documents
creased friction and wear, or unusual noise and vibration.
2.1 ASTM Adjuncts:
3.1.4 wear, n—the removal of metal from a rubbing surface
Glossy Prints of Test Blocks Showing Various Types of
by mechanical action, or by a combination of mechanical and
2
Scar
chemical actions.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3. Terminology
3.2.1 OK value, n—the maximum mass (weight) added to
3.1 Definitions:
the load lever mass (weight) pan, at which no scoring or
3.1.1 load-carrying capacity, of a lubricating grease, n—the
seizure occurs.
maximum load or pressure that can be sustained by a lubricat-
3.2.2 score value, n—the minimum mass (weight) added to
ing grease without failure of the sliding contact surfaces as
the load lever mass (weight) pan, at which scoring or seizure
evidenced by seizure or welding.
occurs.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Thevaluesofloadcarryingcapacityof
a lubricating grease vary according to test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
3.1.2 scoring, in tribology, n—a severe form of wear char-
4.1 The tester is operated with a steel test cup rotating
acterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratches
against a steel test block. The rotating speed is 123.71 6 0.77
in the direction of sliding.
m/min (405.88 6 2.54 ft/min) which is equivalent to a spindle
speed of 800 6 5 rpm. Grease samples are brought to and
1
applied at 24 6 6°C (75 6 10°F).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
4.2 Two determinations are made: the minimum load (score
D02.G0.04 on Functional Tests - Tribology.
value) that will rupture the lubricant film being tested between
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2509–03.
the rotating cup and the stationary block and cause abrasion;
This test method was adopted as an ASTM-IP Standard. DOI: 10.1520/D2509-
and the maximum load (OK value) at which the rotating cup
03R08.
2
will not rupture the lubricant film and cause abrasion between
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
ADJD2509. Original adjunct produced in 1972. the rotating cup and the stationary block.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2509 − 03 (2008)
FIG. 1 Test Blocks Showing Various Types of Scar
4,5
5. Significance and Use 6.5 Test Blocks withtestsurfaces12.32 60.10mm(0.485
6 0.004 in.) wide and 19.05 6 0.41 mm (0.750 6 0.016 in.)
5.1 The test method is used widely for specification pur-
long, of carburized steel, having a Rockwell Hardness C Scale
poses and is used to differentiate between greases having low,
N
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D2509–93 (Reapproved 1998) Designation:D2509–03 (Reapproved 2008)
Designation: 326/83(88)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating
1
Grease (Timken Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2509; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This test method was adopted as anASTM-IP
Standard.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-carrying capacity of lubricating greases by means of the Timken
Extreme Pressure Tester.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Note 1, Note 2, and Note 4For specific warning statements, see
7.1, 7.2, and 9.4.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D235Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)ASTM Adjuncts:
2 2
Glossy Prints of Test Blocks Showing Various Types of Scar D329Specification for Acetone
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 load-carrying capacity, of a lubricating grease, n—the maximum load or pressure that can be sustained by a lubricating
grease without failure of the sliding contact surfaces as evidenced by seizure or welding.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The values of load carrying capacity of a lubricating grease vary according to test method.
3.1.2 scoring, in tribology, n—a severe form of wear characterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratches in the
direction of sliding.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—When the lubricant film is substantially maintained, a smooth scar is obtained on the test block, but when
2
thereisabreakdownofthelubricantfilm,scoringorsurfacefailureofthetestblocktakesplaceasshowninFig.1. Initssimplest
and recognized form, scoring is characterized by a wide scar on the test block and by the transfer of metal from the test block to
the contacting surface of the test cup.The form of surface failure more usually encountered, however, consists of a comparatively
smooth scar, which shows local damage that usually extends beyond the width of the scar. Scratches or striations that occur in an
otherwise smooth scar and that do not extend beyond the width of the scar are not considered scoring in this test method.
3.1.3 seizure or welding, n—localized fusion of rubbing metal, usually indicated by streaks of transferred metal, increased
friction and wear, or unusual noise and vibration.
3.1.4 wear, n—the removal of metal from a rubbing surface by mechanical action, or by a combination of mechanical and
chemical actions.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.G on
Lubricating Grease.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1993. Published May 1993. Originally published as D2509–66T. Last previous edition D2509–91.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.G0.04
on Functional Tests - Tribology.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2509–03.
This test method was adopted as an ASTM-IP Standard.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
2
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD2509. Original adjunct produced in 1972.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2509–03 (2008)
FIG. 1 Test Blocks Showing Various Types of Scar
3.2.1 OK value, n—the maximum mass (weight) added to the load lever mass (weight) pan, at which no scoring or seizure
occurs.
3.2.2 score value, n—theminimummass(weight)addedtotheloadlevermass(weight)pan,atwhichscoringorseizureoccurs.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The t
...
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