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ASTM C1510-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged Spectrophotometry

Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged Spectrophotometry

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the reflection properties and color of ceramic glazes and other whitewares by the use of a spectrophotometer or spectrocolorimeter with a hemispherical optical measuring system, such as an integrating sphere.
1.2 The test method is suitable for use with most specimens having an exterior flat surface large enough to cover the spectrophotometer sample port.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-2001
ICS
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
Technical Committee
C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
Drafting Committee
C21.03 - Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C1510-01(2007) - Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged Spectrophotometry
Effective Date
01-May-2007

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ASTM C1510-01 - Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged SpectrophotometryASTM C1510-01 - Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged Spectrophotometry
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ASTM C1510-01 - Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged Spectrophotometry
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1510–01
Standard Test Method for
Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged
Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1510; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 The definitions in Guide E 179, Terminologies C 242
and E 284, and Practice E 1164 are applicable to this test
1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measure-
method.
ment of the reflection properties and color of ceramic glazes
and other whitewares by the use of a spectrophotometer or
4. Summary of Test Method
spectrocolorimeter with a hemispherical optical measuring
4.1 This test method provides a procedure for measuring the
system, such as an integrating sphere.
reflectance factors of reflecting ceramic glazes or related
1.2 The test method is suitable for use with most specimens
whiteware specimens by using a spectrophotometer or spec-
having an exterior flat surface large enough to cover the
trocolorimeter equipped with a hemispherical optical measur-
spectrophotometer sample port.
ing system such as an integrating sphere. (See Test Method E
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1331.)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 This test method includes procedures for calibrating the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
instrument and for selecting specimens suitable for precision
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
measurement.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.3 Most modern spectrophotometers have the capacity to
2. Referenced Documents compute the color coordinates of the specimen immediately
following the measurement. When this is the case, the user
2.1 ASTM Standards:
must select the color system, observer, and illuminant (Practice
C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
E 308, Section 6).
Products
D 2244 Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences
5. Significance and Use
from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
5.1 The most direct and accessible methods for obtaining
E 179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for
the color coordinates of ceramic glazes and related whitewares
Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of
3 are by instrumental measurement using spectrophotometers or
Materials
3 colorimeters with either hemispherical or bidirectional optical
E 284 Terminology of Appearance
measuring systems. This test method provides procedures for
E 308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by
3 such measurement by reflectance spectrophotometry using a
Using the CIE System
hemispherical optical measuring system.
E 805 PracticeforIdentificationofInstrumentalMethodsof
3 5.2 This test method is especially suitable for measurement
Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials
of the following types of specimens for the indicated uses(See
E 1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrophotometric Data for
3 Practice E 805.):
Object-Color Evaluation
5.2.1 All types of ceramic glaze and related whiteware
E 1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
2 specimens to obtain data for use in computer colorant formu-
Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
lation.
3. Terminology 5.2.2 Ceramic glaze and related whiteware specimens for
color assessment.
3.1 Definitions:
5.2.2.1 For the measurement of plane-surface high-gloss
specimens, the specular component should generally be ex-
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic cluded during the measurement.
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.2.2.2 For the measurement of plane-surface intermediate-
C21.03on Test Methods for Whiteware Properties.
gloss (satin) specimens, where the first-surface reflection
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2001. Published November 2001.
component may be distributed over a wide range of angles,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1510
measurement may be made with the specular component 9. Procedure
included, but the resulting color coordinates may not correlate
9.1 Select inclusion or exclusion of the specular component
best with visual judgments of the color. Measurement with
of reflection.
specular excluded may lead to better correlations.
9.2 When required, select the color scales, observer, and
5.2.2.3 For the measurement of plane-surface, low-gloss
illuminant for the computation of color coordinates (Practice
(matte) specimens, the specular component may either be
E 308, Section 6). For most applications, the CIELAB (L*, a*,
excluded or included, as no significant difference in the results
b*) color scale, 10° observer, and D illuminant is recom-
should be apparent.
mended.
5.3 An estimate of gloss may be obtained by measuring the
9.3 Select other options, such as wavelength range and
reflection both with the specular component of reflection
interval, when required. Follow instrument manufacturer’s
included and excluded, and then calculating the difference
instructions or specified procedures.
between the two measurements at several wavelengths across
9.4 Handle the specimen carefully; avoid touching the area
the visible spectrum, as described in 10.2.
to be measured. When necessary, clean the specimen by using
an agreed procedure. Glazed specimens should be washed with
6. Apparatus
soap and water, and dried before measurement.
6.1 Spectrophotometer or Spectrocolorimeter, designed for
9.5 Place the specimen against the reflectance measurement
the measurement of color coordinates of reflecting specimens
port of the integrating sphere.
by use of integrating-sphere geometry.
9.6 Measure the specimen, following the instrument manu-
6.2 Calibration Standards,eithersuppliedbytheinstrument
facturer’s instructions. When areas of high visual
...

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5.1 The most direct and accessible methods for obtaining the color coordinates of ceramic glazes and related whitewares are by instrumental measurement using spectrophotometers or colorimeters with either hemispherical or bidirectional optical measuring systems. This test method provides procedures for such measurement by reflectance spectrophotometry using a hemispherical optical measuring system.  
5.2 This test method is especially suitable for measurement of the following types of specimens for the indicated uses (see Practice E805).  
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5.1 This test method is useful as a repeatable, nondestructive technique to monitor in-place density and moisture of soil and rock along lengthy sections of horizontal, slanted, and vertical access holes or tubes. With proper calibration in accordance with Annex A1, this test method can be used to quantify changes in density and moisture content of soil and rock.  
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5.1 ASTM standard gas chromatographic methods for the analysis of petroleum products require calibration of the gas chromatographic system by preparation and analysis of specified reference mixtures. Frequently, minimal information is given in these methods on the practice of calculating calibration or response factors. Test Methods D2268, D2427, D2804, D2998, D3329, D3362, D3465, D3545, and D3695 are examples. The present practice helps to fill this void by providing a detailed reference procedure for calculating response factors, as exemplified by analysis of a standard blend of C6 to C11 n-paraffins using n-C12 as the diluent.  
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ASTM
ASTM F2617-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Identification and Quantification of Chromium, Bromine, Cadmium, Mercury, and Lead in Polymeric Material Using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of chromium, bromine, cadmium, mercury, and lead, in homogeneous polymeric materials. The test method may be used to ascertain the conformance of the product under test to manufacturing specifications. Typical time for a measurement is 5 to 10 min per specimen, depending on the specimen matrix and the capabilities of the EDXRF spectrometer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometric procedure for identification and quantification of chromium, bromine, cadmium, mercury, and lead in polymeric materials.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to determine total concentrations of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) or hexavalent chromium. This test method cannot be used to determine the valence states of atoms or ions.  
1.3 This test method is applicable for a range from 20 mg/kg to approximately 1 wt % for chromium, bromine, cadmium, mercury, and lead in polymeric materials.  
1.4 This test method is applicable for homogeneous polymeric material.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This test method is not applicable to quantitative determinations for specimens with one or more surface coatings present on the analyzed surface; however, qualitative information may be obtained. In addition, specimens less than infinitely thick for the measured X rays, must not be coated on the reverse side or mounted on a substrate.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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