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ASTM D7185-16

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene

Standard Specification for Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for a grade of benzene known as low toluene low dioxane (LTLD) benzene. Sampled materials shall meet specified values of the following physical and chemical properties: purity; toluene content; sulfur content; thiophene content; nonaromatic hydrocarbons content; nitrogen content; acid wash color; color in Pt-Co scale; 1,4 dioxane content; anhydrous basis solidification point; water content; and total chlorides.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a grade of benzene known as Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2016
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D16 - Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals
Drafting Committee
D16.01 - Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and Their Derivatives
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7185-12 - Standard Specification for Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene
Effective Date
01-Jun-2016
Replaced By
ASTM D7185-17 - Standard Specification for Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7185 −16
Standard Specification for
1
Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7185; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D5386 Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus
Colorimetry
1.1 This specification covers a grade of benzene known as
D5808 Test Method for Determining Chloride in Aromatic
Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene.
Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Microcoulom-
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this
etry
standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-
standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be
leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-
rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit 3
lometric Karl Fischer Titration (Withdrawn 2016)
used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with
D6875 Test Method for Solidification Point of Industrial
the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
Organic Chemicals by Thermistor
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D7011 Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur
only.
Selective Detection
D7183 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety
Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Ultra-
Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this
violet Fluorescence
specification.
D7184 Test Method for Ultra Low Nitrogen in Aromatic
2. Referenced Documents Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Combustion and Reduced
2 Pressure Chemiluminescence Detection
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D7359 Test Method for Total Fluorine, Chlorine and Sulfur
D848 Test Method for Acid Wash Color of Industrial Aro-
in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Oxida-
matic Hydrocarbons
tive Pyrohydrolytic Combustion followed by Ion Chroma-
D852 Test Method for Solidification Point of Benzene
tography Detection (Combustion Ion Chromatography-
D1685 Test Method for Traces of Thiophene in Benzene by
3
CIC)
Spectrophotometry (Withdrawn 2009)
D7360 Test Method for Analysis of Benzene by Gas Chro-
D3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic
matography with External Calibration
Products
D7375 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Water in Aro-
D4492 Test Method for Analysis of Benzene by Gas Chro-
matic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Coulometric
matography
Karl Fischer Titration
D4735 Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene
D7457 Test Method for Determining Chloride in Aromatic
in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography
Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Microcoulom-
D5194 Test Method for Trace Chloride in Liquid Aromatic
etry
Hydrocarbons
D7504 Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography and
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on
Effective Carbon Number
Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of
D7536 Test Method for Chlorine in Aromatics by Mono-
Subcommittee D16.01 on Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and Their
Derivatives.
chromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published June 2016. Originally
Spectrometry
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D7185 – 12. DOI:
D8005 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
10.1520/D7185-16.
2
Cobalt Scale)
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Determine Conformance with Specifications
the ASTM website.
3
E1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. metric Karl Fischer Titration
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7185−16
2.2 Other Document:
A
If more than one method is listed for a property, the producer and user should
OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR paragraphs 1910.1000 and
4 agree on the referee test method.
1910.1200
B
Clear liquid free of sediment and haze when observe
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7185 − 12 D7185 − 16
Standard Specification for
1
Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7185; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers a grade of benzene known as Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene.
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard,
an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing
the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Material supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials
used in this specification.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D848 Test Method for Acid Wash Color of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons
D852 Test Method for Solidification Point of Benzene
D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)
3
D1685 Test Method for Traces of Thiophene in Benzene by Spectrophotometry (Withdrawn 2009)
D3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic Products
D4492 Test Method for Analysis of Benzene by Gas Chromatography
D4735 Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography
D5194 Test Method for Trace Chloride in Liquid Aromatic Hydrocarbons
D5386 Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus Colorimetry
D5808 Test Method for Determining Chloride in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Microcoulometry
D6069 Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Combustion and Reduced Pressure
3
Chemiluminescence Detection (Withdrawn 2015)
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl
3
Fischer Titration (Withdrawn 2016)
D6875 Test Method for Solidification Point of Industrial Organic Chemicals by Thermistor
D7011 Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur Selective
Detection
D7183 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Ultraviolet
Fluorescence
D7184 Test Method for Ultra Low Nitrogen in Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Combustion and Reduced Pressure
Chemiluminescence Detection
D7359 Test Method for Total Fluorine, Chlorine and Sulfur in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Oxidative
Pyrohydrolytic Combustion followed by Ion Chromatography Detection (Combustion Ion Chromatography-CIC)
D7360 Test Method for Analysis of Benzene by Gas Chromatography with External Calibration
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D16.01 on Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and Their Derivatives.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012June 1, 2016. Published December 2012June 2016. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20112012 as
D7185 – 11a.D7185 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/D7185-12.10.1520/D7185-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7185 − 16
D7375 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Water in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Coulometric Karl Fischer
Titration
D7457 Test Method for Determining Chloride in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Microcoulometry
D7504 Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography and Effective Carbon
Number
D7536 Test Method for Chlorine in Aromat
...

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ASTM D7185-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for a grade of benzene known as low toluene low dioxane (LTLD) benzene. Sampled materials shall meet specified values of the following physical and chemical properties: purity; toluene content; sulfur content; thiophene content; nonaromatic hydrocarbons content; nitrogen content; acid wash color; color in Pt-Co scale; 1,4 dioxane content; anhydrous basis solidification point; water content; and total chlorides.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a grade of benzene known as Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.  
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ASTM D7011-15(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur Selective Detection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Accurate gas chromatographic determination of trace levels of thiophene in benzene involves special analytical problems because of the difficulties of trace level analysis. These problems arise from the low concentration levels that need to be measured, the type of column and detector needed for analysis, and the potential interference from the benzene matrix.  
4.2 This test method was found applicable for determining thiophene in refined benzene conforming to the specifications described in Specifications D2359, D4734, and D5871 and may be applicable toward other grades of benzene if the user has taken the necessary precautions as described in the text.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of thiophene in refined benzene using gas chromatography and sulfur selective detection. The test method is applicable to the determination of thiophene at levels of 0.02 to 2.18 mg thiophene per kg in benzene (mg/kg) on the AED, 0.03 to 1.87 mg/kg on the PFPD, and 0.03 to 2.11 mg/kg on the SCD. The range of the test method may be extended by modifying the sample injection volume, split ratios, calibration range, or sample dilution with thiophene-free solvent.  
1.2 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.  
5.2 Automotive fuel specifications generally include
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SCOPE
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Standard Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel

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Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

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SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
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SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
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Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
15–260 (60–500)  
B  
Middle Distillates  
200–370 (400–700)  
Gas Oils  
370–510 (700–950)  
C  
Residua  
510+ (950+ )  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mass %.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7.2 and 7.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5001-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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