ASTM E1317-97a(2002)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flammability of Marine Surface Finishes
Standard Test Method for Flammability of Marine Surface Finishes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a means for evaluation of the flammable performance of surface finish materials used in constructing and outfitting ships.
A specimen of the surface finish of concern is mounted on the support material contemplated for use and subjected to a controlled significant radiant-flux exposure.
All specimens are tested while mounted in a vertical plane.
The following surfaces are exposed to test:
5.4.1 Bulkhead specimens having surface veneers, fabrics, or painted finishes are tested on one or both exposed sides.
5.4.2 Ceiling finish materials shall be tested on the lower exposed surface.
5.4.3 For ceiling finish materials which are perforated and air backed, tests also shall be conducted on the back (upper) surface of the material.
5.4.4 Deck finish and flooring materials are tested on the upper exposed surface.
5.4.5 Protective membranes or finishes on insulation materials are tested on the air-exposed face or faces.
This test method provides fire properties that relate to the flammability of the specimens tested. These include ignitability, heat exposure for continued burning, critical flux at extinguishment, and heat-release behavior under varying flux-exposure conditions applied.
This test method does not provide:
5.6.1 Full information on fire properties of surface-finish materials supported by backing materials other than those tested.
5.6.2 Full information on surface-finish materials when used in other thicknesses than those tested.
5.6.3 Methods for using the fire property measurements as a measure for classifying the fire risk or hazard of the specimens tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a procedure for measuring fire properties associated with flammable behavior of surface finishes used on noncombustible substrates aboard ship (Note 1). In particular, these include surface finishes intended for use in ship construction such as deck surfacing materials, bulkhead and ceiling veneers including any adhesives used to fasten the veneers to the bulkheads and ceilings, paints, and exposed treatment of insulating materials.
Note 1—This test method has been prepared to closely follow the test procedure of IMO Resolution A.653(16) (1). Optional provisions not applicable to the domestic use of this test method have been deleted.
1.2 Tests performed according to this test method are intended to yield fire properties that, when appropriately interpreted, are potentially useful to select materials and surface treatments that will limit the rapid growth and spread of fire.
1.3 This test method requires a specific range of specimen radiant thermal exposure for measuring fire properties.
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:E1317–97a (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Flammability of Marine Surface Finishes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1317; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E162 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials
Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a procedure for
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
measuring fire properties associated with flammable behavior
E286 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Building
of surface finishes used on noncombustible substrates aboard
Materials Using an 8-ft (2.44-m) Tunnel Furnace
ship (Note 1). In particular, these include surface finishes
E648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-
intended for use in ship construction such as deck surfacing
Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
materials, bulkhead and ceiling veneers including any adhe-
E970 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Exposed
sives used to fasten the veneers to the bulkheads and ceilings,
Attic Floor Insulation Using a Radiant Heat Energy
paints, and exposed treatment of insulating materials.
Source
NOTE 1—This test method has been prepared to closely follow the test
E1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and
procedure of IMO Resolution A.653(16) (1). Optional provisions not
Flame Spread Properties
applicable to the domestic use of this test method have been deleted.
2.2 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR):
1.2 Tests performed according to this test method are 5
CFR Title 46, Part 164.009, Noncombustible Materials
intended to yield fire properties that, when appropriately
2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:ASTM
interpreted, are potentially useful to select materials and
Detailed drawings (19), construction information, and parts
surfacetreatmentsthatwilllimittherapidgrowthandspreadof
list (Adjunct to E1317)
fire.
3. Terminology
1.3 This test method requires a specific range of specimen
radiant thermal exposure for measuring fire properties.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of general terms used in
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the
this test method, refer to Terminology E176.
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
3.2.1 compensating thermocouple, n—a thermocouple for
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
the purpose of generating an electrical signal representing
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
long-term changes in the stack metal temperatures wherein a
actual fire conditions.
fraction of the signal generated is subtracted from the signal
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
developed by the stack-gas thermocouples.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 critical flux at extinguishment, n— a flux level at the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
specimen surface corresponding to the distance of farthest
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
advance and subsequent self-extinguishment of the flame on
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
the centerline of a specimen.
statements, see Section 7.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The flux reported is based on calibra-
tion tests with a special calibration dummy specimen.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.3 dummy specimen—a noncombustible (as defined by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
46 CFR 164.009) specimen used for standardizing the operat-
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
ing condition of the equipment, roughly 20 mm in thickness
Building Materials
with a density of 7506 100 kg/m .
3.2.4 fume stack—a box-like duct with thermocouples and
baffles through which flames and hot fumes from a burning
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on Surface
Burning.
Current edition approved June 10, 1997. Published August 1997. Originally Discontinued; see 1992 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
published as E1317–90. Last previous edition E1317–97. Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Office, Washington, DC 20402.
this standard. Detailed drawings are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07. ADJE1317.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1317–97a (2002)
specimen pass whose purpose is to permit measurement of the intermsofheatforignition,heatforsustainedburning,critical
heat release from the burning specimen. fluxatextinguishment,andheatreleaseofthespecimenduring
3.2.5 heat for ignition—the product of time from initial burning.
specimen exposure until the flame front reaches the 150-mm
positionandthefluxlevelatthisposition,thelatterobtainedin
5. Significance and Use
prior calibration of the apparatus.
5.1 This test method provides a means for evaluation of the
3.2.6 heat for sustained burning—the product of time from
flammable performance of surface finish materials used in
initial specimen exposure until the arrival of the flame front,
constructing and outfitting ships.
and the incident flux level at that same location as measured
5.2 Aspecimen of the surface finish of concern is mounted
with a dummy specimen during calibration.
on the support material contemplated for use and subjected to
3.2.7 marine board—an insulation board of 750 6 100
a controlled significant radiant-flux exposure.
kg/m density that meets the noncombustibility criteria of 46
5.3 All specimens are tested while mounted in a vertical
CFR 164.009.
plane.
3.2.8 measuredheatreleaseofspecimen—theobservedheat
5.4 The following surfaces are exposed to test:
release under the variable flux field imposed on the specimen
5.4.1 Bulkhead specimens having surface veneers, fabrics,
and measured as defined by this test method.
or painted finishes are tested on one or both exposed sides.
3.2.9 mirror assembly—a mirror, marked and aligned with
5.4.2 Ceiling finish materials shall be tested on the lower
the viewing rakes, used as an aid in quickly identifying and
exposed surface.
tracking the flame front progress.
5.4.3 For ceiling finish materials which are perforated and
3.2.10 reverberatory wires—awiremeshlocatedinfrontof,
air backed, tests also shall be conducted on the back (upper)
but close to, the radiating surface of the panel heat source
surface of the material.
which serves to enhance the combustion efficiency and in-
5.4.4 Deck finish and flooring materials are tested on the
crease the radiance of the panel.
upper exposed surface.
3.2.11 special calibration dummy specimen—a dummy
5.4.5 Protective membranes or finishes on insulation mate-
specimenasdefinedbyFig.1,madeofthesamematerialasthe
rials are tested on the air-exposed face or faces.
dummy specimen, intended only for use in calibration of flux
gradient along the specimen. 5.5 This test method provides fire properties that relate to
3.2.12 viewing rakes—a set of bars with wires spaced at the flammability of the specimens tested. These include ignit-
50-mm intervals for the purpose of increasing the precision of ability, heat exposure for continued burning, critical flux at
timing the flame front progress along the specimen. extinguishment, and heat-release behavior under varying flux-
exposure conditions applied.
4. Summary of Test Method
5.6 This test method does not provide:
5.6.1 Full information on fire properties of surface-finish
4.1 This test provides methods for evaluating the flamma-
materials supported by backing materials other than those
bilitycharacteristicsof155by800-mmspecimensinavertical
tested.
orientation.Thespecimensareexposedtoagradedradiant-flux
field supplied by a gas-fired radiant panel. Means are provided 5.6.2 Full information on surface-finish materials when
used in other thicknesses than those tested.
for observing the times to ignition, spread, and extinguishment
of flame along the length of the specimen as well as for 5.6.3 Methodsforusingthefirepropertymeasurementsasa
measuring the compensated millivolt signal of the stack gas
measure for classifying the fire risk or hazard of the specimens
thermocouples as the burning progresses. Results are reported tested.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Test Equipment— Figs. 2-6 show photographs of the
equipment as assembled ready for test. Detailed drawings and
apartslistareavailablefromASTM. Theseprovideengineer-
ing information necessary for the fabrication of the main
frame, specimen holders, stack, and other parts of the equip-
ment. Some commercially available units have added safety
features that are not described in the drawings. Brief parts list
for the test equipment assembly includes:
6.1.1 Main Frame (seeFig.2(a)andFig.2(b)consistingof
two separate sections; the burner frame and the specimen
support frame. These two units are bolted together with
threaded rods permitting flexibility in mechanical alignment.
6.1.2 Specimen Holders that provide for support of the
specimen during test.At least two of these are required. Using
three of these will prevent delays resulting from required
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres.
FIG. 1 Dummy Specimen for Flux Gradient Calibration cooling of holders prior to mounting specimens.
E1317–97a (2002)
1—Specimen support frame
2—Specimen holder
3—Flame-front viewing mirror
4—Viewing rake
5—Radiation pyrometer
6—Radiant panel assembly
7—Viewing rake for horizontal specimen not used in this test
method
FIG. 3 View From Specimen Insertion Frame
FIG. 2 (a) General View of the Apparatus
FIG. 4 Radiant Panel Facing Dummy Specimen
6.1.4 Radiant Panel (2) (see Fig. 4) shall have heated
surface dimensions of 280 by 483 mm. The radiant panel
consists of an enclosure supporting porous refractory tiles.
6.1.5 Air and Fuel Supply—An air and fuel supply to
support combustion on the radiant panel surface, air-flow
metering device, gas-control valves, pressure reducer and
FIG. 2 (b) Test Apparatus Main Frame, Front View (continued)
safety controls are all mounted on the burner frame. Require-
ments are summarized as follows:
6.1.3 Specimen Fume Stack, fabricated of stainless sheet 6.1.5.1 Aregulatedairsupplyofabout30m /hatapressure
steel of 0.46 6 0.05 mm thickness (see Fig. 7) complete with sufficient to overcome the friction loss through the line,
gasandstack-metalcompensatingthermocouples(alsoseeFig. metering device, and radiant panel (Note 2). The radiant panel
5). pressure drop amounts to only a few millimetres of water.
E1317–97a (2002)
1—Pilot flame
FIG. 5 Rear View of Specimen Supported in Equipment Showing
2—Viewing rake
Specimen Clamp, Stack and Handle of Stack Thermocouple
Assembly
NOTE 1—Two burners are provided; only one for the non-contracting
pilot is operating.
NOTE 2—In the absence of a calibrated flowmeter in the air line this
FIG. 6 Pilot Flame and Dummy Assembly
flow rate can be roughly set by holding a lighted match with its axis
horizontalandclosetothepaneltileface.Thematchflameshoulddeviate
from the vertical by about 10°.
6.1.5.2 The fuel gas used shall be either natural gas or
methane. A pressure regulator shall be provided to maintain a
constant supply pressure. The gas shall be controlled either by
a manually adjusted needle valve or a venturi mixer. The
venturi mixer will allow control of the flux level of the panel
by adjusting only the air valve. Safety devices shall include an
electrically operated shutoff valve to prevent gas flow in the
event of electric power failure, air pressure failure, or loss of
heatattheburnersurface.Thefuelgasflowrequirementsshall
be 1.0 to 3.7 m /h at a pressure sufficient to overcome pressure
losses.
6.1.6 The specimen holder, pilot-flame holder, fume stack,
FIG. 7 Stack—Specimen Position Dimensions
flame-front viewing rakes, radiation pyrometer, and mirror are
allassembledonthespecimensupportframe.Thearrangement
ofpartsonthisframeisevidentinFig.2(a),Fig.2(b),andFig.
3.
E1317–97a (2002)
6.1.7 A dummy specimen of marine board of the thickness hanging down to 1.7 6 0.1 m from the floor of the room. The
and density specified in the test procedure shall be mounted on specimen support frame and radiant panel shall be located
the apparatus in the position of the specimen except during beneaththishoodinsuchawaythatessentiallyallcombustion
actual testing. fumes are withdrawn from the room.
6.3.3 The apparatus shall be located with a clearance of at
6.2 Instrumentation:
least 1-m separation between it and the walls of the test room.
6.2.1 Total Radiation Pyrometer—This instrument shall be
No combustible finish material of ceiling, floor, or walls shall
compensated for its temperature variation and shall have a
be located within2mofthe radiant heat source.
sensitivitybetweenthethermalwavelengthsof1and9µmthat
6.3.4 Air Supply—Access to an exterior supply of air, to
isnominallyconstantandshallviewacentrallylocatedareaon
replace that removed by the exhaust system, is required. This
theradiantpanelofabout150by300mm.Theinstrumentshall
shall be arranged in such a way that the ambient temperature
be rigidly mounted on the specimen support frame in such a
remains reasonably stable (for example, the air might be taken
manner that it will be directed at the radiant panel surface
from an adjoining heated building).
oriented for specimens in the vertical positions.
6.3.5 Room Draughts—Measurements shall be made of air
6.2.2 Heat Fluxmeters—It is desirable to have at least two
speeds near a dummy specimen in the vertical position while
fluxmetersforthistestmethod.Theyshallbeofthethermopile
2 the fume exhaust system is operating but the radiant panel and
type with a sensitivity of approximately 10 mV at 50 kW/m
its air supply are turned off. The air flow shall not exceed 0.2
andcapableofoperationatthreetimesthisrating.Oneofthese
m/s in any direction at a distance of 100 mm perpendicular to
shall be retained as a laboratory reference standard. They shall
the lower edge at midlength of the specimen.
have been calibrated to an accuracy of 65% or better. The
time constant of these instruments shall not be more than 290
7. Hazards
ms(correspondi
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.