ASTM E291-18

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Caustic Soda and Caustic Potash (Sodium Hydroxide and Potassium Hydroxide)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Caustic soda and caustic potash are used in a large number of manufacturing processes. The chemicals are available in several grades depending on their intended use. The test methods listed in 1.2 provide procedures for analyzing caustic soda and caustic potash to determine if they are suitable for their intended use.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover only the analyses usually required on the following commercial products:  
1.1.1 Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), 50 and 73 % liquors; anhydrous (solid, flake, ground, or powdered), and  
1.1.2 Caustic potash (potassium hydroxide), 45 % liquor; anhydrous (solid, flake, ground, or powdered).  
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Alkalinity (Total), Titrimetric (for 50 to 100 %
NaOH and 45 to 100 % KOH)  
3 to 4  
Carbonate, Gas-Volumetric (0.001 g CO2, min)  
4 to 7  
Carbonate, Gravimetric (0.001 g CO2, min)  
7 to 10  
Chloride, Titrimetric, (0.001 g Cl−, min)  
10 to 11  
Chloride, Potentiometric Titration (0.3 to 1.2 %)  
11 to 12  
Chloride, Ion Selective Electrode (0.6 to 120 μg/g)  
12 to 13  
Iron, Photometric (0.005 mg Fe, min)  
13 to 15  
Sulfate, Gravimetric, (0.002 g SO3, min)  
15 to 16  
Keywords  
16  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard with the exception of inch-pound units for apparatus descriptions.  
1.4 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.5 Review the current Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2017
• ICS: 71.060.40 - Bases
• Technical Committee: D16 - Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals
• Drafting Committee: D16.12 - Caustics and Peroxides

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D6809-02(2016) - Standard Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E291 − 18
Standard Test Methods for
Chemical Analysis of Caustic Soda and Caustic Potash
1
(Sodium Hydroxide and Potassium Hydroxide)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E291; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 These test methods cover only the analyses usually
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
required on the following commercial products:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1.1 Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), 50 and 73% li-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
quors; anhydrous (solid, flake, ground, or powdered), and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1.2 Caustic potash (potassium hydroxide), 45% liquor;
anhydrous (solid, flake, ground, or powdered).
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 Theanalyticalproceduresappearinthefollowingorder:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Alkalinity (Total), Titrimetric (for 50 to 100 % 3to4
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
NaOH and 45 to 100 % KOH)
D6809Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Carbonate, Gas-Volumetric (0.001 g CO , min) 4 to 7
2
Carbonate, Gravimetric (0.001 g CO , min) 7 to 10
Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Ma-
2
−
Chloride, Titrimetric, (0.001 g Cl ,min) 10to11
terials
Chloride, Potentiometric Titration (0.3 to 1.2 %) 11 to 12
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Chloride, Ion Selective Electrode (0.6 to 120 µg/g) 12 to 13
Iron, Photometric (0.005 mg Fe, min) 13 to 15
Determine Conformance with Specifications
Sulfate, Gravimetric, (0.002 g SO ,min) 15to16
3
E60Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related
Keywords 16
Materials by Spectrophotometry
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
E180Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
asstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthis
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
standard with the exception of inch-pound units for apparatus
3
cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
descriptions.
E200Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Storage
1.4 In determining the conformance of the test results using
of Standard and Reagent Solutions for ChemicalAnalysis
this method to applicable specifications, results shall be
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
Practice E29.
2.2 Other Document:
OSHA Regulations, 29 CFRparagraphs 1910.1000 and
1.5 ReviewthecurrentSafetyDataSheet(SDS)fordetailed
4
1910.1200
information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, handling,
and safety precautions.
3. Significance and Use
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Caustic soda and caustic potash are used in a large
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
number of manufacturing processes. The chemicals are avail-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ableinseveralgradesdependingontheirintendeduse.Thetest
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on the ASTM website.
3
Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and are the direct responsi- The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
bility of Subcommittee D16.12 on Caustics and Peroxides. www.astm.org.
4
CurrenteditionapprovedJan.1,2018.PublishedMay2018.Originallyapproved Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E291–09. DOI: 10.1520/ Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://
E0291-18. www.access.gpo.gov.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United Sta
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E291 − 09 E291 − 18
Standard Test Methods for
Chemical Analysis of Caustic Soda and Caustic Potash
1
(Sodium Hydroxide and Potassium Hydroxide)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E291; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover only the analyses usually required on the following commercial products:
1.1.1 Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), 50 and 73 % liquors; anhydrous (solid, flake, ground, or powdered), and
1.1.2 Caustic potash (potassium hydroxide), 45 % liquor; anhydrous (solid, flake, ground, or powdered).
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:
Alkalinity (Total), Titrimetric (for 50 to 100 % 8 to 14
NaOH and 45 to 100 % KOH)
Carbonate, Gas-Volumetric (0.001 g CO , min) 15 to 24
2
Carbonate, Gravimetric (0.001 g CO , min) 25 to 33
2
−
Chloride, Titrimetric, (0.001 g Cl , min) 34 to 40
Chloride, Potentiometric Titration (0.3 to 1.2 %) 41 to 47
Chloride, Ion Selective Electrode (0.6 to 120 μg/g) 48 to 55
Iron, Photometric (0.005 mg Fe, min) 56 to 64
Sulfate, Gravimetric, (0.002 g SO , min) 65 to 71
3
Keywords 74
Alkalinity (Total), Titrimetric (for 50 to 100 % 3 to 4
NaOH and 45 to 100 % KOH)
Carbonate, Gas-Volumetric (0.001 g CO , min) 4 to 7
2
Carbonate, Gravimetric (0.001 g CO , min) 7 to 10
2
−
Chloride, Titrimetric, (0.001 g Cl , min) 10 to 11
Chloride, Potentiometric Titration (0.3 to 1.2 %) 11 to 12
Chloride, Ion Selective Electrode (0.6 to 120 μg/g) 12 to 13
Iron, Photometric (0.005 mg Fe, min) 13 to 15
Sulfate, Gravimetric, (0.002 g SO , min) 15 to 16
3
Keywords 16
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard with the exception of inch-pound units for apparatus descriptions.
1.4 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded
off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.5 Review the current Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)(SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid
procedures, handling, and safety precautions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic Hydrocarbons Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and are the
direct responsibility of Subcommittee D16.15 on Industrial and Specialty General Standards.
Current edition approved April 1, 2009Jan. 1, 2018. Published April 2009May 2018. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
E291 – 04.E291 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/E0291-09.10.1520/E0291-18.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E291 − 18
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D6809 Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials by Spectrophotometry
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
E200 Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Storage of Standard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical Analysis
E691 Practice for Co
...