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ASTM A962/A962M-07

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range

Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to carbon, alloy and stainless steel fasteners or fastener materials, or both, under any of the following ASTM Specifications (or under any other ASTM Specifications that invoke this specification or portions thereof):
1.2 In case of conflict the requirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.
1.3 Additional requirements may be specified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and supplier.
1.4 Values stated in either inch-pound or SI units (metric) are to be regarded separately. The SI units are shown in brackets within the text and tables. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. Inch-pound units shall apply unless the "M" designation of the product specification is specified in the order.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2007
ICS
21.060.01 - Fasteners in general
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.22 - Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A962/A962M-06 - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Replaced By
ASTM A962/A962M-07a - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM A437/A437M-15(2021) - Standard Specification for Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM A453/A453M-17 - Standard Specification for High-Temperature Bolting, with Expansion Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM A1014/A1014M-16(2021) - Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening Bolting (UNS N07718) for High Temperature Service
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM A1082/A1082M-16(2021) - Standard Specification for High Strength Precipitation Hardening and Duplex Stainless Steel Bolting for Special Purpose Applications
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM A320/A320M-22a - Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature Service
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1725-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Hot Cell Specialized Support Equipment and Tools
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM A540/A540M-15(2021) - Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting for Special Applications
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM A194/A194M-23 - Standard Specification for Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM A193/A193M-23 - Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007

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ASTM A962/A962M-07 - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep RangeASTM A962/A962M-07 - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range
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ASTM A962/A962M-07 - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A 962/A 962M – 07
Standard Specification for
Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners or Fastener
Materials, or Both, Intended for Use at Any Temperature
1
from Cryogenic to the Creep Range
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 962/A 962M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification covers a group of common require- The following documents shall form a part of this specifi-
ments that shall apply to carbon, alloy and stainless steel cationtotheextentspecified.Thelatestissueshallapplyunless
fasteners or fastener materials, or both, under any of the otherwise specified.
2
following ASTM Specifications (or under any other ASTM 2.1 ASTM Standards:
Specifications that invoke this specification or portions A 29/A 29M SpecificationforSteelBars,CarbonandAlloy,
thereof): Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
A 193/A 193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless
Title of Specifications ASTM Designation
Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials A 193/A 193M
Steel Bolting Materials for High Temperature or High
for High-Temperature Service
Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications
Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High A 194/A 194M
Pressure and High-Temperature Service A 194/A 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
Alloy Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature A 320/A 320M
Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature
Service
Service, or Both
Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Material A 437/A 437M
Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature A 320/A 320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless
Service
Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature Service
High-Temperature Bolting Materials With Expansion A 453/A 453M
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for MechanicalTesting
Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless
Steels
of Steel Products
Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications A 540/A 540M
A 437/A 437M Specification for Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type
Precipitation-Hardening Bolting Material (UNS A 1014/A 1014M
Bolting Material Specially Heat Treated for High-
N07718) for High Temperature Service
Temperature Service
1.2 In case of conflict the requirements of the individual
A 453/A 453M Specification for High-Temperature Bolting
product specification shall prevail over those of this specifica-
Materials, with Expansion Coefficients Comparable to
tion.
Austenitic Stainless Steels
1.3 Additional requirements may be specified by mutual
A 484/A 484M Specification for General Requirements for
agreement between the purchaser and supplier.
Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings
1.4 Values stated in either inch-pound or SI units (metric)
A 540/A 540M Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Mate-
are to be regarded separately. The SI units are shown in
rials for Special Applications
brackets within the text and tables. The values stated in each
A 574 Specification for Alloy Steel Socket-Head Cap
system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system shall
Screws
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
A 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
cation. Inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designa-
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
tion of the product specification is specified in the order.
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General
Requirements
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
A01.22 on Steel Forgings andWrought Fittings for PipingApplications and Bolting For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A 962/A 962M – 06. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A 962/A 962M – 07
A 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re- oxygen content to such a level that no reaction occu
...

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ASTM A962/A962M-23a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to carbon, alloy, and stainless steel fasteners or fastener materials, or both. These materials are intended for use at any temperature from cryogenic to the creep range. Requirements for the melting process and quality control procedures for ingot cast and strand cast products are detailed. Bars and fasteners shall be produced in accordance with the product specification. The chemical composition, as to heat and product analyses, shall conform to the limits of the product specification. Bars, fasteners, bolting materials, and specimen machined from fasteners shall meet the mechanical requirements which shall be determined by the following tests: (1) proof load test by mandrel/tension or compression methods, (2) cone proof load test, (3) impact test, and (4) hardness test. Assembly for the proof load and cone proof tests are illustrated. The depth of decarburization shall be determined by metallographic etching and if needed, microhardness testing.
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1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to carbon, alloy, stainless steel, and nickel alloy bolting under any of the following ASTM Specifications (or under any other ASTM Specifications that invoke this specification or portions thereof):
Title of Specifications  
ASTM Designation  
Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for
High Temperature or High Pressure Service and
Other Special Purpose Applications  
A193/A193M  
Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Nuts
for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature
Service, or Both  
A194/A194M  
Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-
Temperature Service  
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Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting
Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature
Service  
A437/A437M  
High-Temperature Bolting, with Expansion
Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless
Steels  
A453/A453M  
Alloy-Steel Bolting for Special Applications  
A540/A540M  
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for High Temperature Service  
A1014/A1014M  
High Strength Precipitation Hardening and Duplex
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A1082/A1082M  
1.2 In case of conflict, the requirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.  
1.3 Fasteners are a wide-ranging classification that includes screws, bolts, nuts, washers, stud bolts, rivets, powder-actuated studs, staples, tacks, and pins. Bolting, which is composed of bolting materials, such as rods, bars, flats, and forgings, which are subsequently manufactured into bolting components, are a special sub-group of fasteners. Bolting materials and components have designated compositions and specific properties intended for applications in aggressive service where commercial generic fasteners may not be suitable or have insufficient fitness for purpose under certain conditions. These conditions include cryogenic or high temperature service, or excessive vibration, impact, or shock. To further address any other special service conditions where bolting is intended for use, additional requirements may be specified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and supplier.  
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements only apply when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. Unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units) the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; there...

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ASTM A193/A193M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers alloy steel and stainless steel bolting material for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications. Ferritic steels shall be properly heat treated as best suits the high temperature characteristics of each grade. Immediately after rolling or forging, the bolting material shall be allowed to cool to a temperature below the cooling transformation range. The chemical composition requirements for each alloy are presented in details. The steel shall not contain an unspecified element for ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the requirements of another grade for which that element is a specified element. The tensile property and hardness property requirements are discussed, the tensile property requirement is highlighted by a full size fasteners, wedge tensile testing.
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1.1 This specification2 covers alloy and stainless steel bolting materials and bolting components for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. Bars and wire shall be hot-wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be carbide solution treated or carbide solution treated and strain-hardened. When strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the purchaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly understood.  
1.2 Several grades are covered, including ferritic steels and austenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, and so forth. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and high temperature characteristics.  
1.3 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M.
Note 1: The committee formulating this specification has included several steel types that have been rather extensively used for the present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent.
Note 2: For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use at the lower range of high temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification A354.
Note 3: For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use in low temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification A320/A320M.  
1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 13.  
1.5 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in the purchase order or contract.  
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM A320/A320M-22a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers alloy steel bolting materials for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for low-temperature service. Each alloy shall conform to the prescribed chemical composition requirements. The material, as represented by the tension specimens, shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and hardness. The material shall meet the prescribed impact energy absorption requirements and the recommended test temperature. Mechanical tests shall be conducted on the material, namely: impact testing, tension testing, and hardness testing.
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1.1 This specification2 covers alloy and stainless steel bolting materials and bolting components for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for low-temperature service. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. The bars shall be hot-wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the purchaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly understood.  
1.2 Several grades are covered, including both ferritic and austenitic steels designated L7, B8, etc. Selection will depend on design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and low-temperature characteristics. The mechanical requirements of Table 1 indicate the diameters for which the minimum mechanical properties apply to the various grades and classes, and Table 2 stipulates the requirements for Charpy impact energy absorption. The manufacturer should determine that the material can conform to these requirements before parts are manufactured. For example, when Grade L43 is specified to meet the Table 2 impact energy values at −150 °F [−101 °C], additional restrictions (such as procuring a steel with lower P and S contents than might normally be supplied) in the chemical composition for AISI 4340 are likely to be required.  
Note 1: The committee formulating this specification has included several grades of material that have been rather extensively used for the present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent. Users should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are obtainable.    
1.3 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M.  
1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 10 and the nut material shall be impact tested.  
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1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM A437/A437M-15(2021)(Specification)
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This specifications covers alloy-steel bolting material specially heat treated for high-temperature service, such as steam turbine, gas turbine, and similar uses. The grades of steels covered here are: Grade B4B, Grade B4C, and Grade B4D. Steels of Grades B4B and B4C shall undergo heating, liquid quenching, reheating, tempering, and air or furnace cooling, respectively. Steels of Grade B4D shall undergo heating, oil quenching, reheating or tempering, and air of furnace cooling, respectively. Heat and product analyses shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required chemical composition of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, aluminum, titanium, and tin. The steels shall undergo tensile, impact, and hardness tests, and shall conform to the following mechanical requirements: tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, impact value, Brinell hardness number, and Rockwell hardness number. All bars or forged blanks of starting material shall be subjected to nondestructive inspection using any of the following methods: Eddy current, Magnetic particle inspection (wet or dry), Liquid penetrant inspection, Ultrasonic testing, or Visual testing.
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1.1 This specification2 covers stainless and alloy-steel bolting material and bolting components specially heat treated for high-temperature service, such as steam turbine, gas turbine, and similar uses. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. This material requires special processing and should not be used in general-purpose applications. Bolting furnished as bars shall be hot wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing.  
1.2 The high-temperature properties of the bolting materials and components covered by this specification are dependent upon special heat treatment, which is required. Although the high-temperature properties are not specified, they are implied by control of the chemistry, heat treatment, and room-temperature properties of the bolting material.  
1.3 Three levels of bolting strength are covered, designated Grades B4B, B4C, and B4D.  
1.4 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M.  
1.5 Supplementary requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM A540/A540M-15(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting for Special Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to steel flanges, forged fittings, valves, and parts for piping applications under any of the following individual product specifications. This specification covers regular and special-quality alloy steel bolting materials which may be used for nuclear and other special applications. Bolting materials as used in this specification cover rolled or forged bars, rotary pierced or extruded seamless tubes, bored bars, or forged hollows from forged or rolled bar segments to be manufactured into bolts, studs, washers, and nuts. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium. Material which is ordered in the liquid-quenched and tempered condition shall be uniformly reheated from a temperature below the cooling transformation range to the proper austenitizing temperature. It shall be quenched in a liquid medium under substantially uniform conditions and then uniformly reheated for tempering. Tensile test, hardness, and impact test shall be measured to conform to the required mechanical properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers regular and special-quality alloy steel bolting materials and bolting components that may be used for nuclear and other special applications. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting.  
1.2 The following referenced common requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M.  
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. These supplementary requirements only apply when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), inch-pound units shall apply.  
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ASTM A453/A453M-17(Specification)
Standard Specification for High-Temperature Bolting, with Expansion Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for Grade 660 (Class A, B, C, and D) , Grade 651 (Class A and B), Grade 662 (Class A and B), and Grade 665 (Class A and B) of bolting materials for use in high-temperature service such as fasteners, for pressure vessels and valve flanges. Bolting materials in this specification covers rolled, forged, or hot-extruded bars, and also bolts, nuts, screws, washers, studs, and stud bolts. Materials shall adhere to specified contents of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium, columbium, aluminum, vanadium, boron, and copper. Materials shall be subjected to tension, stress-rupture, and hardness tests. Materials shall conform to yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, reduction of area, Brinell hardness, and Rockwell hardness requirements. Hardening and solution treatment requirements for each material class are also given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers five grades of bolting materials with twelve classes of yield strength ranging from 50 to 120 ksi [345 to 827 MPa] for use in high-temperature service for bolting components, such as bolts, screws, nuts, or studs, for pressure vessel and valve flanges. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. The material requires special processing and is not intended for general purpose applications.  
1.2 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M.  
1.3 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supplementary Requirements shall only apply when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F2282-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Quality Assurance Requirements for Carbon and Alloy Steel Wire, Rods, and Bars for Mechanical Fasteners

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars for mechanical fasteners. Manufacturing of materials shall conform to the melting, casting, deoxidation, grain size, hardenability, and thermal treatment practices of this specification. Chemical requirements shall conform to the specified limits of chemical composition for carbon steel. Requirements of metallurgical structure shall include course austenitic grain size, fine autenitic grain size, and speheroidized annealed material. The material shall be tested for decarburization, maximum tensile strength, reduction area, hardenability, grain size, calibration, dimensions, and tolerances. Surface condition, coating, workmanship, finish, appearance, and packaging shall also conform to the requirements of this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for the physical, mechanical, and metallurgical requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars in coils intended for the manufacture of mechanical fasteners which includes: bolts, nuts, rivets, screws, washers, and special parts manufactured cold.
Note 1: The Steel Industry uses the term “quality” to designate characteristics of a material which make it particularly well suited to a specific fabrication and/or application and does not imply “quality” in the usual sense.  
1.2 Wire size range includes 0.062 to 1.375 in.  
1.3 Rod size range usually includes 7/32 in. (0.219) to 47/64 in. (0.734) and generally offered in 1/64 increments (0.0156).  
1.4 Bar size range includes 3/8 in. (0.375) to 11/2 in. (1.500).  
1.5 Sizes for wire, rod and bar outside the ranges of paragraphs 1.2 – 1.4 may be ordered by agreement between purchaser and supplier.  
1.6 Material is furnished in many application variations. The purchaser should advise the supplier regarding the manufacturing process and finished product application as appropriate. Five application variations are:    
Cold Heading  
Recessed Head  
Socket Head  
Scrapless Nut  
Tubular Rivet  
1.6.1 Wire is furnished for all five application variations.  
1.6.2 Rod and bar are furnished to the single application variation; Cold Heading.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F1789-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard provides a compilation of definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.  
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically. In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.  
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and SAE J412.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM G198-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Relative Corrosion Performance of Driven Fasteners in Contact with Treated Wood

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides controlled environments which are utilized to produce corrosion of metal, metal-coated, or nonmetallic-coated smooth or deformed shank driven fasteners in contact with treated wood exposed to the given test environments. The test method provides information that can be used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of metal, metal-coated, or nonmetallic-coated smooth or deformed shank driven fasteners in contact with different chemical wood treatments.  
5.2 The results shall be used for comparative purposes only and they shall not be correlated to exposure time in natural environments.  
5.3 The reproducibility of results in these types of tests is highly dependent on the type of samples tested and the evaluation criteria selected, as well as the control of the operating variables.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and focuses on the corrosion resistance of metal, metal-coated, and nonmetallic-coated smooth and deformed shank driven fasteners in contact with treated wood in exterior or high moisture exposure applications using comparative tests with control fastener specimens of standardized benchmarks. This test method may be used for preservative-treated wood.  
1.2 This test method describes the apparatus, procedure, and conditions required to maintain test environments for the Cyclic Fog Test and the Steady State Moisture Test.  
1.3 This test method describes the types of test samples, lists exposure periods, and gives guidance on interpretation of results.  
1.4 Until experience is gained comparing laboratory-to-laboratory results with this test method, comparisons of fasteners, coatings, materials, or preservatives shall be made only within the results of the same test.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F2437/F2437M-17(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Cap Screws, Bolts, Anchors, and Studs

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for carbon and alloy steel compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators (DTIs) capable of indicating a specified bolt tension in cap screws, bolts, anchors, and studs. These DTIs are intended for installation under a bolt or cap screw head, a hex nut, or against a hardened washer or other flat hardened surface. The following are two types of DTIs: Type 1 DTIs are suitable for comparatively large bearing surfaces and Type 2 DTIs are suitable for comparatively smaller bearing surfaces. DTIs shall have a configuration produced by extrusion, punching, pressing, or similar forming to permit a measurable decrease in thickness when placed in compression. The design shall be such that the degree of plastic deformation of the protrusions shall indicate the tension in a tightened cap screw, bolt, anchor, or stud. The process used for heat treatment of DTIs, if required, shall be through-hardening by heating to a temperature above the upper transformation temperature, quenching in oil, and then tempering by reheating to a suitable temperature to attain desired mechanical/performance properties. Protective coatings, platings, or finishes may be applied on the DTIs if specified. Compression load and hardness of the DTIs shall be determined by performing mechanical tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for carbon and alloy steel compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators (DTIs) capable of indicating a specified bolt tension in cap screws, bolts, anchors, and studs.  
1.2 Direct tension indicators in inch sizes 1/4 through 21/2 in. and metric sizes M6 and M72 are covered.  
1.3 Direct tension indicators have two styles and four grades for inch fasteners, Grades 5, 8, 55, and 105, and two property classes for metric fasteners, property classes 8.8 and 10.9 each of which differ in their compressive load requirements at a given gap (see Table 1 and Table 2).  
1.3.1 Style 1 DTIs are suitable for comparatively smaller bearing surfaces. Style 1 DTIs are available in Grades 5 and 8, which differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a prescribed gap (see Table 1 and Table 3).  
1.3.2 Style 2 DTIs are suitable for comparatively large bearing surfaces. Style 2 DTIs are available in Grades 55 and 105, which differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a prescribed gap (see Table 1 and Table 3).    
1.4 Direct tension indicators are intended for installation under a bolt or cap screw head, a hex nut, or against a hardened washer or other flat hardened surface.  
1.5 Recommended Fasteners—Fasteners meeting the requirements of the standards referenced in Table 3 are considered compatible with the DTI grade or class listed.  
1.6 The values stated for Inch DTIs are expressed in inch-pound units and for Metric DTIs values are expressed in SI units. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.7 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions, Section 12of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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