ASTM E2160-04(2018)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Heat of Reaction of Thermally Reactive Materials by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Standard Test Method for Heat of Reaction of Thermally Reactive Materials by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in determining the extrapolated onset temperature, the peak heat flow temperature and the heat of reaction of a material. Any onset temperature determined by this test method is not valid for use as the sole information used for determination of storage or processing conditions.
5.2 This test method is useful in determining the fraction of a reaction that has been completed in a sample prior to testing. This fraction of reaction that has been completed can be a measure of the degree of cure of a thermally reactive polymer or can be a measure of decomposition of a thermally reactive material upon aging.
5.3 The heat of reaction values may be used in Practice E1231 to determine hazard potential figures-of-merit Explosion Potential and Shock Sensitivity.
5.4 This test method may be used in research, process control, quality assurance, and specification acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the exothermic heat of reaction of thermally reactive chemicals or chemical mixtures, using milligram specimen sizes, by differential scanning calorimetry. Such reactive materials may include thermally unstable or thermoset materials.
1.2 This test method also determines the extrapolated onset temperature and peak heat flow temperature for the exothermic reaction.
1.3 This test method may be performed on solids, liquids or slurries.
1.4 The applicable temperature range of this test method is 25 to 600°C.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 There is no ISO method equivalent to this standard.
1.7 This standard is related to Test Method E537 and to NAS 1613, but provides additional information.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2160 − 04 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Heat of Reaction of Thermally Reactive Materials by
1
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2160; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method determines the exothermic heat of
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
reaction of thermally reactive chemicals or chemical mixtures,
ology
using milligram specimen sizes, by differential scanning calo-
E537 Test Method for The Thermal Stability of Chemicals
rimetry. Such reactive materials may include thermally un-
by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
stable or thermoset materials.
E967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differen-
1.2 This test method also determines the extrapolated onset tial Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Ana-
temperature and peak heat flow temperature for the exothermic lyzers
E968 Practice for Heat Flow Calibration of Differential
reaction.
Scanning Calorimeters
1.3 This test method may be performed on solids, liquids or
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
slurries.
E1231 Practice for Calculation of Hazard Potential Figures
of Merit for Thermally Unstable Materials
1.4 The applicable temperature range of this test method is
E1860 Test Method for Elapsed Time Calibration of Ther-
25 to 600°C.
mal Analyzers
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
2.2 Other Standard:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this NAS 1613 Seal Element, Packing, Preformed, Ethylene
3
standard. Propylene Rubber
1.6 There is no ISO method equivalent to this standard.
3. Terminology
3.1 Specifictechnicaltermsusedinthisstandardaredefined
1.7 This standard is related to Test Method E537 and to
in Terminologies E473 and E1142.
NAS 1613, but provides additional information.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 A small (milligram) quantity of the reactive material is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
heated at 10°C/min through a temperature region where a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
chemical reaction takes place. The exothermic heat flow
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
produced by the reaction is recorded as a function of tempera-
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor- ture and time by a differential scanning calorimeter. Integration
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- of the exothermic heat flow over time yields the heat of
reaction. If the heat flow is endothermic, then this test method
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
is not to be used.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.2 The test method can be used to determine the fraction of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
a reaction that has occurred in a partially reacted sample. The
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal contact ASTM Customer service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on Calo- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
rimetry and Mass Loss. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originally Available from National Aerospace Standard (NAS), Aerospace Industries
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E2160 – 04 (2012). Association (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209, http://
DOI: 10.1520/E2160-04R18. www.aia-aerospace.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2160 − 04 (2018)
heat of reaction is determined for a specimen that is known to 6.1.1.6 RecordingDevice, capable of recording and display-
be 100 % unreacted and is compared to the heat of reaction ing any portion (including signal noise) of the differential heat
determined for the partially reacted sample. Appropriate cal- flow on the o
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2160 − 04 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Heat of Reaction of Thermally Reactive Materials by
1
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2160; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method determines the exothermic heat of
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
reaction of thermally reactive chemicals or chemical mixtures,
ology
using milligram specimen sizes, by differential scanning calo-
E537 Test Method for The Thermal Stability of Chemicals
rimetry. Such reactive materials may include thermally un-
by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
stable or thermoset materials.
E967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differen-
1.2 This test method also determines the extrapolated onset tial Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Ana-
lyzers
temperature and peak heat flow temperature for the exothermic
E968 Practice for Heat Flow Calibration of Differential
reaction.
Scanning Calorimeters
1.3 This test method may be performed on solids, liquids or
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
slurries.
E1231 Practice for Calculation of Hazard Potential Figures
of Merit for Thermally Unstable Materials
1.4 The applicable temperature range of this test method is
E1860 Test Method for Elapsed Time Calibration of Ther-
25 to 600°C.
mal Analyzers
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
2.2 Other Standard:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
NAS 1613 Seal Element, Packing, Preformed, Ethylene
3
standard. Propylene Rubber
1.6 There is no ISO method equivalent to this standard.
3. Terminology
3.1 Specific technical terms used in this standard are defined
1.7 This standard is related to Test Method E537 and to
in Terminologies E473 and E1142.
NAS 1613, but provides additional information.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 A small (milligram) quantity of the reactive material is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
heated at 10°C/min through a temperature region where a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
chemical reaction takes place. The exothermic heat flow
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
produced by the reaction is recorded as a function of tempera-
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
ture and time by a differential scanning calorimeter. Integration
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- of the exothermic heat flow over time yields the heat of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the reaction. If the heat flow is endothermic, then this test method
is not to be used.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.2 The test method can be used to determine the fraction of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
a reaction that has occurred in a partially reacted sample. The
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal contact ASTM Customer service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on Calo- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
rimetry and Mass Loss. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originally Available from National Aerospace Standard (NAS), Aerospace Industries
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E2160 – 04 (2012). Association (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209, http://
DOI: 10.1520/E2160-04R18. www.aia-aerospace.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2160 − 04 (2018)
heat of reaction is determined for a specimen that is known to 6.1.1.6 Recording Device, capable of recording and display-
be 100 % unreacted and is compared to the heat of reaction ing any portion (including signal noise) of the differential heat
determined for the partially reacted sample. Appropriate cal- flow on the ordinate as a function of temperature or time on the
culation yields the fraction of the latter sample that was abscissa.
unreact
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2160 − 04 (Reapproved 2012) E2160 − 04 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Heat of Reaction of Thermally Reactive Materials by
1
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2160; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the exothermic heat of reaction of thermally reactive chemicals or chemical mixtures, using
milligram specimen sizes, by differential scanning calorimetry. Such reactive materials may include thermally unstable or
thermoset materials.
1.2 This test method also determines the extrapolated onset temperature and peak heat flow temperature for the exothermic
reaction.
1.3 This test method may be performed on solids, liquids or slurries.
1.4 The applicable temperature range of this test method is 25 to 600°C.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 There is no ISO method equivalent to this standard.
1.7 This standard is related to Test Method E537 and to NAS 1613, but provides additional information.
1.8 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E537 Test Method for The Thermal Stability of Chemicals by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
E967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differential Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Analyzers
E968 Practice for Heat Flow Calibration of Differential Scanning Calorimeters
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1231 Practice for Calculation of Hazard Potential Figures of Merit for Thermally Unstable Materials
E1860 Test Method for Elapsed Time Calibration of Thermal Analyzers
2.2 Other Standard:
3
NAS 1613 Seal Element, Packing, Preformed, Ethylene Propylene Rubber, RubberNational Aerospace Standard, Aerospace
Industries Association of America, 1725 DeSales St., NM, Washington, DC 20036
3. Terminology
3.1 Specific technical terms used in this standard are defined in Terminologies E473 and E1142.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on Calorimetry
and Mass Loss.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012April 1, 2018. Published September 2012May 2018. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20042012 as
E2160 – 04.E2160 – 04 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/E2160-04R12.10.1520/E2160-04R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from National Aerospace Standard (NAS), Aerospace Industries Association (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209, http://www.aia-
aerospace.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2160 − 04 (2018)
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A small (milligram) quantity of the reactive material is heated at 10°C/min through a temperature region where a chemical
reaction takes place. The exothermic heat flow produced by the reaction is recorded as a function of temperature and time by a
differential scanning calorimeter. Integration of the exothermic heat flow over time yields the heat of reaction. If the heat flow is
endothermic, then this test method is not to be used.
4.2 The test method can be u
...
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