ASTM E1142-14
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
SCOPE
1.1 This is a compilation of terms and corresponding definitions commonly used in the study of thermophysical properties. Terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources are either not included or their sources identified.
1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in a Discussion. It is reviewed every five years, and the year of the last review or revision is appended.
1.3 Definitions identical to those published by another standards organization or ASTM Committee are identified with the abbreviation of the name of the organization or the identifying document and ASTM Committee.
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular field (such as dynamic mechanical measurements) are identified with an italicized introductory phrase.
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Designation: E1142 − 14
StandardTerminology
1
Relating to Thermophysical Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1142; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
DISCUSSION—The term activation energy was introduced in 1889 by
1. Scope
SvanteArrhenius as a mathematical term in the eponymous, empirical
1.1 This is a compilation of terms and corresponding
relationship between temperature and reaction rate constant.
definitions commonly used in the study of thermophysical
admittance, Y, n—the reciprocal of impedance.
properties. Terms that are generally understood or defined
adequately in other readily available sources are either not
alpha (α) loss peak, n—in dynamic mechanical measurement,
included or their sources identified.
first peak in the damping curve below the melt, in order of
decreasing temperature or increasing frequency. E7
1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-
mation included in a Discussion. It is reviewed every five
angular frequency, ω, n—the number of radians per second
years, and the year of the last review or revision is appended.
traversedbyarotatingvectorthatrepresentsanyperiodically
1.3 Definitions identical to those published by another varying quantity.
DISCUSSION—Angular frequency, ω, is equal to two π times the
standardsorganizationorASTMCommitteeareidentifiedwith
frequency, f.
the abbreviation of the name of the organization or the
identifying document and ASTM Committee.
anisotropic, adj—having different values for a property in
different directions.
1.4 Definitionsoftermsspecifictoaparticularfield(suchas
dynamic mechanical measurements) are identified with an
anti-thixotropy, n—anincreaseoftheapparentviscosityunder
italicized introductory phrase.
constant shear stress or shear rate followed by a gradual
recovery when the stress or shear rate is reduced to zero.
2. Referenced Documents
2
arrhenius equation, n—a mathematical relationship between
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the specific reaction rate and the temperature given as:
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical
2E/RT
Properties
k 5 Ae (1)
E7Terminology Relating to Metallography
where:
E344Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
k is the reaction rate constant, A is the frequency factor, E is
etry
the energy of activation, R is the gas constant, and T is the
absolute temperature.
3. Terminology
barometer, n—Aninstrumentformeasuringatmosphericpres-
3.1 Definitions:
sure.
absolute pressure, n—pressure measured relative to zero
pressure corresponding to empty space.
beta (β) loss peak, n—in dynamic mechanical measurement,
DISCUSSION—Absolute pressure is atmospheric pressure plus gage
second discrete peak in damping curve below the melt, in
pressure.
order of decreasing temperature or increasing frequency.
activation energy (E), n—inchemicalkinetics,theenergythat
D4092
must be overcome in order for a chemical reaction to occur.
boiling pressure, n—ataspecifictemperature,thevalueofthe
vapor pressure of the liquid at which it is equal to the
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on
external pressure.
ThermalMeasurementsandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE37.03on
Nomenclature and Definitions.
boiling temperature, n—at a specific pressure, the tempera-
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2014. Published February 2014. Originally
ture at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1142–13. DOI:
external pressure.
10.1520/E1142-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
capacitance, n—that property of a system of conductors and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
dielectrics that permits the storage of electrical charge when
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. a potential difference exists between the conductors.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1142 − 14
DISCUSSION—Capacitance is the ratio of a quantity of electric charge, DISCUSSION—Compliance is the reciprocal of modulus.
Q, to a potential difference, V. A capacitance value is always positive.
composition, n—quantity of the components of a mixture;
The unit of capacitance is the farad, F, which is equivalent to one
usually expressed in terms of the weight percentage, or the
coulomb per volt.
atomicpercentageofeachofthecomponentsinthemixture.
catalyst, n—
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1142 − 13 E1142 − 14
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Thermophysical Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1142; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This is a compilation of terms and corresponding definitions commonly used in the study of thermophysical properties.
Terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources are either not included or their sources
identified.
1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in a Discussion. It is reviewed every five years, and
the year of the last review or revision is appended.
1.3 Definitions identical to those published by another standards organization or ASTM Committee are identified with the
abbreviation of the name of the organization or the identifying document and ASTM Committee.
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular field (such as dynamic mechanical measurements) are identified with an
italicized introductory phrase.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties
E7 Terminology Relating to Metallography
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
absolute pressure, n—pressure measured relative to zero pressure corresponding to empty space.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.03 on
Nomenclature and Definitions.
Current edition approved March 1, 2013Feb. 15, 2014. Published May 2013February 2014. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 as
E1142 – 12.E1142 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/E1142-13. 10.1520/E1142-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
DISCUSSION—
Absolute pressure is atmospheric pressure plus gage pressure.
activation energy (E), n—in chemical kinetics, the energy that must be overcome in order for a chemical reaction to occur.
DISCUSSION—
The term activation energy was introduced in 1889 by Svante Arrhenius as a mathematical term in the eponymous, empirical relationship between
temperature and reaction rate constant.
admittance, Y,n—the reciprocal of impedance.
alpha (α) loss peak, n—in dynamic mechanical measurement, first peak in the damping curve below the melt, in order of
decreasing temperature or increasing frequency. E7
angular frequency, ω, n—the number of radians per second traversed by a rotating vector that represents any periodically varying
quantity.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1142 − 14
DISCUSSION—
Angular frequency, ω, is equal to two π times the frequency, f.
anisotropic, adj—having different values for a property in different directions.
anti-thixotropy, n—an increase of the apparent viscosity under constant shear stress or shear rate followed by a gradual recovery
when the stress or shear rate is reduced to zero.
arrhenius equation, n—a mathematical relationship between the specific reaction rate and the temperature given as:
2E/RT
k 5 Ae (1)
where:
k is the reaction rate constant, A is the frequency factor, E is the energy of activation, R is the gas constant, and T is the abso-
lute temperature.
barometer, n—An instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure.
beta (β) loss peak, n—in dynamic mechanical measurement, second discrete peak in damping curve below the melt, in order of
decreasing temperature or increasing frequency. D4092
boiling pressure, n—at a specific temperature, the value of the vapor pressure of the liquid at which it is equal to the external
pressure.
boiling temperature, n—at a specific pressure, the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the external
pressure.
capacitance, n—that property of a system of conductors and dielectrics that permits the storage of electrical charge when a
potential difference exists between the conductors.
DISCUSSION—
Capacitance is the ratio of a quantity of
...
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