ASTM D2982-07(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Detecting Glycol-Base Antifreeze in Used Lubricating Oils
Standard Test Methods for Detecting Glycol-Base Antifreeze in Used Lubricating Oils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Leakage of glycol-base antifreeze into the crankcase is serious because the coolant tends to interfere with the lubricant and its ability to lubricate; it also promotes sludging. Ethylene glycol present in the coolant can increase varnish deposit formation in the crankcase as a result of glycol oxidation and the interaction between glycol and lubricant. Furthermore, because glycol is a higher boiling material than water, it will tend to stay longer in the crankcase oil than water. Lubricant displacement, sludging, and deposit formation all lead to engine malfunction and possible seizure.
5.2 These tests are designed to detect glycol-base coolant contamination even at low levels because early detection enables corrective measures to be taken to prevent leaking coolant from accumulating and seriously damaging the engine.
5.3 These test methods are also significant because the reagents can be packaged as a field kit, and the procedure can be followed at the site where there is a concern.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the qualitative determination of glycol-base antifreeze in used lubricating oils (mineral base) by two procedures, one using reagents in tablet form and the other using laboratory shelf reagents. Principally the test methods detect ethylene glycol but will also detect other 1,2-glycols that may be present.
1.1.1 When a positive result is obtained and a sample of the unused oil is available, the unused oil is also tested and used as a reference.
Note 1: Since the inception of this test method (1971), there have been many changes in base stock technology and additive technology. Therefore, when available, the new, unused oil, or a sample of the same used oil, known to not contain antifreeze, is tested as a reference.
1.2 The tablet procedure (Procedure A) is sensitive to about 100 mg/kg and the shelf reagent procedure (Procedure B) to about 300 mg/kg of ethylene glycol.
1.3 Glycol-based coolant leaks into crankcases may not be detected or may result in a low bias using these test methods if the glycol has degraded or been thermally or otherwise oxidized. The conditions in crankcases may be such that contaminant glycols are oxidized or degraded to a degree to which the color indicator reaction does not occur or is biased enough so as to not trigger the color change. Other test methods for the detection of coolants or coolant additives in lubricating oils should be used if the results from these test methods alone are inconclusive or questionable.
1.4 Carbohydrates such as sugars and sugar-containing substances are sometimes used for sabotage purposes. If the presence of these substances is suspected, Procedure A contains a modification to remove these interferences.
1.5 Both procedures are adaptable to field kit use, and brief descriptions for converting to field kit form are given in Annex A1.
1.5.1 Commercial field testing kits are available.2,3
1.6 The results obtained by this method are qualitative expressions. However, for the preparation of reagents and in the procedures, acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2982 − 07 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Methods for
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Detecting Glycol-Base Antifreeze in Used Lubricating Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2982; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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1. Scope 1.5.1 Commercial field testing kits are available.
1.6 The results obtained by this method are qualitative
1.1 These test methods cover the qualitative determination
expressions. However, for the preparation of reagents and in
of glycol-base antifreeze in used lubricating oils (mineral base)
the procedures, acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the
by two procedures, one using reagents in tablet form and the
standard.
other using laboratory shelf reagents. Principally the test
methods detect ethylene glycol but will also detect other 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1,2-glycols that may be present.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.1.1 When a positive result is obtained and a sample of the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
unused oil is available, the unused oil is also tested and used as
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a reference.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
NOTE1—Sincetheinceptionofthistestmethod(1971),therehavebeen
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
many changes in base stock technology and additive technology.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Therefore, when available, the new, unused oil, or a sample of the same
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
used oil, known to not contain antifreeze, is tested as a reference.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 The tablet procedure (ProcedureA) is sensitive to about
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
100 mg/kg and the shelf reagent procedure (Procedure B) to
2. Referenced Documents
about 300 mg/kg of ethylene glycol.
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 Glycol-based coolant leaks into crankcases may not be
D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
detected or may result in a low bias using these test methods if
Bituminous Materials by Distillation
the glycol has degraded or been thermally or otherwise
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
oxidized. The conditions in crankcases may be such that
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
contaminant glycols are oxidized or degraded to a degree to
Petroleum Products
which the color indicator reaction does not occur or is biased
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
enough so as to not trigger the color change. Other test
Fuels, and Lubricants
methods for the detection of coolants or coolant additives in
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
lubricating oils should be used if the results from these test
Petroleum Products
methods alone are inconclusive or questionable.
3. Terminology
1.4 Carbohydrates such as sugars and sugar-containing
3.1 Definitions:
substances are sometimes used for sabotage purposes. If the
3.1.1 glycol-base antifreeze, n—in engine coolants,ethylene
presence of these substances is suspected, Procedure A con-
or propylene glycol commonly used in admixture with water
tains a modification to remove these interferences.
and additives to lower the coolant freezing point.
1.5 Both procedures are adaptable to field kit use, and brief
descriptions for converting to field kit form are given in Annex
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The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
A1.
is the Gly-Tek Test Kit available from the Nelco Co., 1047 McKnight Rd., S., St.
Paul, MN 55119. In Canada, it is available from Metro Tech Preventative
Maintenance Ltd., 112-5621, 11th St., N.E., Calgary, AB, Canada T2E 6Z7.
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If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-
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Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
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of Subcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved
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