ASTM A413/A413M-21

Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Chain

ABSTRACT
This specification covers carbon steel chain for such applications as railroad cars, construction, industrial uses, load binding, and general purposes other than overhead lifting. The three classes of carbon steel chains covered here include Grade 30 (proof coil chain), Grade 43 (high test chain), and Grade 70 (transport chain). The dimensional requirements of the chain with respect to the appropriate grade and size are presented. The mechanical testing requirements for the steel includes, proof testing, breaking force testing, and elongation testing. One test for breaking strength and elongation shall be made from each lot. The elongation and breaking force tests may be performed at the same time on the same test specimen.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel chain for such applications as railroad cars, construction, industrial uses, load binding, and general purposes other than overhead lifting.  
Note 1: This specification does not cover carbon steel chain for sprocket applications.  
1.2 Three classes of carbon steel chain are covered:  
1.2.1 Grade 30—Proof coil chain.  
1.2.2 Grade 43—High test chain.  
1.2.3 Grade 70—Transport chain.  
1.3 The chain grade is based on the nominal stress in the link at the design breaking force strength. It is calculated by taking the minimum breaking force load and dividing by two times the nominal cross-sectional area of the link.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or in other units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4.1 Metric Units—Grade = 1/10 of the minimum breaking force in kilonewtons divided by two times the nominal cross-sectional area in square millimeters. = (MBF)/(0.005)(π)(d)(d)  
1.4.2 English Units—Grade = 0.000689 of the minimum breaking force in pounds divided by two times the nominal cross-sectional area in square inches. = (0.000689)(MBF)/(0.5)(π)(d)(d)  
1.4.3 MBF = minimum breaking force (lb or kN); d = chain diameter (in. or mm).
Note 2: The above formulas are for round diameter links only. If different cross sections are used, the actual cross section of the link would need to be calculated and used.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2020
• ICS: 77.140.65 - Steel wire, wire ropes and link chains
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.27 - Steel Chain

Relations

• Refers: ASTM A941-24 - Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM A941-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2017
• Refers: ASTM A941-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Refers: ASTM A29/A29M-15 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Refers: ASTM A751-14 - Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Refers: ASTM A941-13b - Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM A941-13a - Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM A941-13 - Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2013
• Refers: ASTM A29/A29M-12 - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Refers: ASTM A29/A29M-12e1 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Refers: ASTM A29/A29M-11a - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2011
• Refers: ASTM A29/A29M-11 - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2011
• Refers: ASTM A941-10a - Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2010
• Refers: ASTM A941-10 - Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2010
• Refers: ASTM A941-09a - Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009

Overview

ASTM A413/A413M-21: Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Chain sets comprehensive requirements for carbon steel chains to ensure product consistency and safety for industrial, construction, transportation, and general use applications. This ASTM standard defines three main classes of carbon steel chain: Grade 30 (proof coil chain), Grade 43 (high test chain), and Grade 70 (transport chain). The document outlines key material, manufacturing, dimensional, and mechanical performance criteria, supporting reliable use of carbon steel chain in demanding environments while explicitly excluding chains for overhead lifting or sprocket applications.

Key Topics

• Grade Classification:

  • Grade 30 - General-purpose, proof coil chain
  • Grade 43 - High test chain for more demanding applications
  • Grade 70 - Transport chain, designed primarily for load binding and transport safety

• Dimensional Requirements:

  • Chains must comply with detailed specifications for diameter, length, and width, as provided in the standard’s tables for each grade and size.
  • Tolerances are defined for material diameter to ensure compatibility and performance.

• Material and Composition:

  • Specifies maximum content levels for carbon (0.370%), phosphorus (0.048%), and sulfur (0.058%).
  • Selection of the steel type is at the manufacturer’s discretion, provided these criteria are met.

• Manufacture and Finish:

  • Chains can be manufactured using forge, electric, or gas welding methods.
  • Grade 70 chains require heat treatment (quenching and tempering) post-welding for enhanced strength.
  • Surface finishes for identification or corrosion resistance may be applied but must not compromise chain performance.

• Mechanical and Quality Testing:

  • All chain links must pass proof testing to verify integrity.
  • Breaking force and elongation tests are required per lot to ensure minimum strength and ductility specifications.
  • Minimum elongation is set at 15% to confirm adequate ductility and performance in use.
  • Chains must be properly marked for traceability by grade and manufacturer.

Applications

ASTM A413/A413M-21 carbon steel chains are widely used in applications where reliable load handling, tie-down, or restraint is required, but not for overhead lifting. Common areas include:

• Railroad Cars: Securing loads and equipment within rail transport settings.
• Construction Sites: General-purpose lifting, securing, or material movement (excluding overhead lifts).
• Industrial Uses: Machine securing, load binding, and non-lifting tie-downs.
• Transport: Load-binding and cargo security, especially for trucks and trailers using Grade 70 chain.
• General Purpose: Versatile use in environments requiring robust steel chain, except with sprockets or where chain is subjected to overhead lifting loads.

Related Standards

To ensure comprehensive compliance and compatibility, the following ASTM standards are often referenced or used in conjunction with ASTM A413/A413M-21:

• ASTM A29/A29M: General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
• ASTM A751: Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• ASTM A941: Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys

Practical Value

Adherence to ASTM A413/A413M-21 guarantees that carbon steel chains meet key performance benchmarks, supporting safety, reliability, and suitability for a wide range of industry applications. With thorough requirements for manufacturing, quality control, and identification, this standard supports both purchasers and manufacturers in achieving consistent quality, regulatory compliance, and operational safety for carbon steel chain products.

Keywords: carbon steel chain, ASTM A413/A413M-21, proof coil chain, high test chain, transport chain, industrial chain standard, material requirements, mechanical testing, chain specifications, steel chain applications

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A413/A413M −21
Standard Specification for
Carbon Steel Chain
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA413/A413M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel chain for such
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
applications as railroad cars, construction, industrial uses, load
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
binding, and general purposes other than overhead lifting.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—This specification does not cover carbon steel chain for
sprocket applications. 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 Three classes of carbon steel chain are covered: A29/A29MSpecificationforGeneralRequirementsforSteel
1.2.1 Grade 30—Proof coil chain.
Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
1.2.2 Grade 43—High test chain. A751Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of
1.2.3 Grade 70—Transport chain.
Steel Products
A941TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
1.3 The chain grade is based on the nominal stress in the
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
link at the design breaking force strength. It is calculated by
taking the minimum breaking force load and dividing by two
3. Terminology
times the nominal cross-sectional area of the link.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or in other units are
3.1.1 breaking force, minimum, n—minimum force in
toberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevaluesstatedineach
poundsornewtonsatwhichthechain,duringmanufacture,has
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
been found by testing to break when a constantly increasing
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
force is applied in direct tension.
used independently of the other, and values from the two
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This test is a manufacturer’s attribute
systems shall not be combined.
acceptance test and shall not be used as criteria for service.
1.4.1 Metric Units—Grade = ⁄10 of the minimum breaking
3.1.2 lot, n—forthepurposeofacceptancetesting,alotshall
force in kilonewtons divided by two times the nominal
consist of 3000 ft [1000 m], or fraction thereof, of the same
cross-sectional area in square millimeters.
grade and size chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds
= (MBF)/(0.005)(π)(d)(d)
3000 ft [1000 m], it shall also be considered a lot.
1.4.2 English Units—Grade = 0.000689 of the minimum
3.1.3 proof test, n—quality control tensile test applied to
breaking force in pounds divided by two times the nominal
chain for the purpose of verifying weld and material quality.
cross-sectional area in square inches.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—It is the minimum force in pounds or
= (0.000689)(MBF)/(0.5)(π)(d)(d)
newtons which the chain has withstood at the time it left the
1.4.3 MBF = minimum breaking force (lb or kN); d = chain
producer, under a test in which a constantly increasing force
diameter (in. or mm).
has been applied in direct tension to a straight length of chain.
NOTE 2—The above formulas are for round diameter links only. If
Proof test loads are a manufacturing integrity test and shall not
different cross sections are used, the actual cross section of the link would
be used as criteria for service or design purposes.
need to be calculated and used.
3.1.4 working load limit (WLL), n—maximum combined
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
static and dynamic load in pounds or kilograms that shall be
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
applied in direct tension to an undamaged straight length of
chain.
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.27 on Steel Chain. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021. Published January 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A413/A413M–07 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
(2012). DOI: 10.1520/A0413_A0413M-21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A413/A413M−21
4. Ordering Information chain.
4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify 7.2 Diameter—The diameter of the material from which the
all requirements that are necessary for material ordered under chain is manufactured shall not be smaller than the material
this specification. Such requirements may include, but are not diameter listed in Tables 1-3 within the following tolerance:
limited to, the following: −7%. Oversized material may be used for all applications.
4.1.1 Product to conform to Specification A413 or A413M
and date of issue, 8. Finish
4.1.2 Grade of chain,
8.1 The manufacturer may apply a surface treatment or
4.1.3 Nominal size of chain (in. or mm),
finish of their own choice for identification or corrosion
4.1.4 Quantity of chain (ft or m),
resistance unless the customer specifies otherwise.The surface
4.1.5 Length of each piece, if required,
treatment or finish shall not alter the chain in a manner that
4.1.6 Finish, if required,
would cause the chain to not meet the other provisions of this
4.1.7 Certification of test(s), if required, and
standard.
4.1.8 Acceptance of inspection by purchaser, if required.
8.2 The stated breaking forces in Tables 1-3 are only for
5. Material Requirements
chains in the raw uncoated or quenched and tempered surface
condition. With other surface conditions, the values of the
5.1 Heat Analysis—The selection of the steel is left to the
breakingforcesarereducedduetodifferentfrictioncoefficients
judgment of the individual chain manufacturer provided the
on the contact areas of the chain links. Actual minimum
steel meets the following criteria:
breakingforcesmaybeupto7%belowvalueslistedinTables
Carbon, max, % 0.370
1-3 if the chain is tested with a coated surface condition.
Phosphorus, max, % 0.048
Sulfur, max, % 0.058
9. Mechanical Requirements
5.2 Product Analysis—The steel used may be analyzed by
the purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of 5.1
9.1 Proof Test—Everylinkofchainshallbetestedtoatleast
subject to the product analysis tolerances specified in Specifi-
the proof load prescribed in Tables 1-3 for the appropriate
cation A29/A29M.Test samples may be taken from rods, bars,
grade and size chain. When so tested it shall withstand these
or finished chain. Samples for analysis shall be so taken as to
loads without loss of chain integrity. Links or chain segments
represent the full cross section of the specimen.
thatdonotwithstandtheprooftestloadshallberemovedfrom
the chain.
5.3 TestMethods,Practices,andTerminologyA751shallbe
used for referee purposes.
9.2 Breaking Force—Thebreakingforcetestspecimenshall
consist of a length from the lot containing at least the number
6. Manufacture
of links in Table 4.All chain that is heat treated shall be in the
6.1 Welding Process—Carbon steel chain may be made by
quenched and tempered condition before the breaking force is
the forge welding, electric welding, or gas welding process.
measured.
9.2.1 Fixtures for securing chain in a testing machine shall
6.2 Heat Treatment—Grades 30 and 43 do not require heat
be properly designed to support securely the shoulder of the
treatment, but may be heat treated at the manufacturer’s
link (see Note 3). The opening in the fixture shall not be more
discretion. Grade 70, after welding, shall be heat treated. Heat
than 125% of the stock diameter being tested. Links engaged
treatment shall include quenching and tempering as described
in the testing fixture shall not be considered part of the test
in Terminology A941.
specimen.
7. Dimensional Requirements
NOTE 3—“U” bolts of the same or larger diameter and the same or
7.1 The chain shall conform to the dimensional require-
greater strength may be used to secure the chain to the jaws of the testing
mentsspecifiedinTables1-3fortheappropriategradeandsize machine.
TABLE 1 Grade 30 Proof Coil Chain
A
Nominal Chain Material Working Load Proof Test, Minimum Breaking Inside Length, Inside Width,
A
min
Size Diameter Limit, max Force max min
in. mm in. mm lb kg lb kN
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A413/A413M − 07 (Reapproved 2012) A413/A413M − 21
Standard Specification for
Carbon Steel Chain
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A413/A413M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel chain for such applications as railroad cars, construction, industrial uses, load binding,
and general purposes other than overhead lifting.
NOTE 1—This specification does not cover carbon steel chain for sprocket applications.
1.2 Three classes of carbon steel chain are covered:
1.2.1 Grade 30—Proof coil chain.
1.2.2 Grade 43—High test chain.
1.2.3 Grade 70—Transport chain.
1.3 The Grade designationchain grade is ⁄10 of the minimum breaking strength in newtons dividedbased on the nominal stress in
the link at the design breaking force strength. It is calculated by taking the minimum breaking force load and dividing by two times
the nominal cross-sectional area of the chain in square millimetres. link.
1.4 The values stated in either acceptable metric SI units or in other units shall are to be regarded separately as standard. The
values stated in each system mayare not benecessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
system mustshall be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way. and values from the two systems shall
not be combined.
1.4.1 Metric Units—Grade = ⁄10 of the minimum breaking force in kilonewtons divided by two times the nominal cross-sectional
area in square millimeters.
= (MBF)/(0.005)(π)(d)(d)
1.4.2 English Units—Grade = 0.000689 of the minimum breaking force in pounds divided by two times the nominal
cross-sectional area in square inches.
= (0.000689)(MBF)/(0.5)(π)(d)(d)
1.4.3 MBF = minimum breaking force (lb or kN); d = chain diameter (in. or mm).
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.27
on Steel Chain.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012Jan. 1, 2021. Published November 2012January 2021. Originally approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 20072012
as A413/A413M – 07.A413/A413M – 07 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/A0413_A0413M-07R12.10.1520/A0413_A0413M-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A413/A413M − 21
NOTE 2—The above formulas are for round diameter links only. If different cross sections are used, the actual cross section of the link would need to be
calculated and used.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
A751 Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 breaking force, minimum, n—minimum force in pounds or newtons at which the chain, during manufacture, has been found
by testing to break when a constantly increasing force is applied in direct tension.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
This test is a manufacturer’s attribute acceptance test and shall not be used as criteria for service.
3.1.2 lot, n—for the purpose of acceptance testing, a lot shall consist of 3000 ft [1000 m], or fraction thereof, of the same grade
and size chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds 3000 ft [1000 m], it shall also be considered a lot.
3.1.3 proof test, n—quality control tensile test applied to chain for the purpose of verifying weld and material quality.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
It is the minimum force in pounds or newtons which the chain has withstood at the time it left the producer, under a test in which
a constantly increasing force has been applied in direct tension to a straight length of chain. Proof test loads are a manufacturing
integrity test and shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes.
3.1.4 working load limit (WLL), n—maximum combined static and dynamic load in pounds or kilograms that shall be applied in
direct tension to an undamaged straight length of chain.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this
specification. Such requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following:
4.1.1 Product to conform to Specification A413 or A413M and date of issue,
4.1.2 Grade of chain,
4.1.3 Nominal size of chain (in. or mm),
4.1.4 Quantity of chain (ft or m),
4.1.5 Length of each piece, if required,
4.1.6 Finish, if required,
4.1.7 Certification of test(s), if required, and
4.1.8 Acceptance of inspection by purchaser, if required.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
A413/A413M − 21
5. Material Requirements
5.1 Heat Analysis—The selection of the steel is left to the judgment of the individual chain manufacturer provided the steel meets
the following criteria:
Carbon, max, % 0.370
Phosphorus, max, % 0.048
Sulfur, max, % 0.058
5.2 Product Analysis—The steel used may be analyzed by the purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of 5.1 subject to
the product analysis tolerances specified in Specification A29/A29M. Test samples may be taken from rods, bars, or finished chain.
Samples for analysis shall be so taken as to represent the full cross section of the specimen.
5.3 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751 shall be used for referee purposes.
6. Manufacture
6.1 Welding Process—Carbon steel chain may be made by the forge welding, electric welding, or gas welding process.
6.2 Heat Treatment—Grades 30 and 43 do not require heat treatment, but may be heat treated at the manufacturer’smanufacturer’s
discretion. Grade 70, after welding, shall be heat treated. Heat treatment shall include quenching and tempering as described in
Terminology A941.
7. Dimensional Requirements
7.1 The chain shall conform to the dimensional requirements specified in Tables 1-3 for the appropriate grade and size chain.
7.2 Diameter—The diameter of the material from which the chain is manufactured shall not be smaller than the material diameter
listed in Tables 1-3 within the following tolerance: −7 %. Oversized material may be used for all applications.
8. Finish
8.1 The manufacturer may apply a surface treatment or finish of their own choice for identification or corrosion resistance unless
the customer specifies otherwise. The surface treatment or finish shall not alter the chain in a manner that would cause the chain
to not meet the other provisions of this standard.
8.2 The stated breaking forces in Tables 1-3 are only for chains in the raw uncoated or quenched and tempered surface condition.
With other surface conditions, the values of the breaking forces are reduced due to different friction coefficients on the contact areas
of the chain links. Actual minimum breaking forces may be up to 7 % below values listed in Tables 1-3 if the chain is tested with
a coated surface condition.
TABLE 1 Grade 30 Proof Coil Chain
A
Nominal Chain Material Working Load Proof Test, Minimum Breaking Inside Length, Inside Width,
A
min
Size Diameter Limit, max Force max min
in. mm in. mm lb kg lb kN lb kN in. mm in. mm
⁄8 4.0 0.156 4.0 400 180 800 3.6 1600 7.2 0.94 23.9 0.25 6.4
⁄16 5.5 0.217 5.5 800 365 1600 7.2 3200 14.4 0.98 24.8 0.30 7.7
⁄4 7.0 0.276 7.0 1300 580 2600 11.6 5200 23.2 1.24 31.5 0.38 9.8
⁄16 8.0 0.331 8.4 1900 860 3800 16.9 7600 33.8 1.29 32.8 0.44 11.2
⁄8 10.0 0.394 10.0 2650 1200 5300 23.6 10 600 47.2 1.38 35.0 0.55 14.0
⁄16 11.9 0.488 11.9 3700 1680 7400 32.9 14 800 65.8 1.64 41.6 0.65 16.6
⁄2 13.0 0.512 13.0 4500 2030 9000 40.0 18 000 80.0 1.79 45.5 0.72 18.2
⁄8 16.0 0.630 16.0 6900 3130 13 800 61.3 27 600 122.6 2.20 56.0 0.79 20.0
⁄4 20.0 0.787 20.0 10 600 4800 21 200 94.3 42 400 188.6 2.76 70.0 0.98 25.0
⁄8 22.0 0.866 22.0 12 800 5810 25 600 114.1 51 200 228.2 3.03 77.0 1.08 27.5
1 26.0 1.02 26.0 17 900 8140 35 800 159.1 71 600 318.2 3.58 90.9 1.25 31.7
A
The proof test and minimum breaking force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes (see Section 4).
A413/A413M − 21
TABLE 2 Grade 43 High Test Chain
A
Nominal Chain Material
...