ASTM D5647-07(2018)

Standard Guide for Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by the Photo-Electric Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The photo-electric method for measuring the hairiness of yarns is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since experience has shown that results obtained from machines produced by one manufacturer cannot usually be verified by machines produced by another manufacturer. This guide is intended to increase the awareness of the user to available techniques for measuring hairiness. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available guide though it has not been recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 There may be a distinct difference in testing speed and tension devices of machines supplied by different manufacturers that may give differences in reported test results.  
5.3 The measurement of hairiness is important to yarn producers. This guide is useful for process control and research of the yarn surface design at an individual manufacturing facility. Hairiness also is used to provide yarn processing machine design, and indications of malfunctioning process equipment, such as rotors, doffing mechanisms, guides, and travelers. It can be used to ident...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the determination of the hairiness of most filament and spun yarn using a photo-electric sensor apparatus. It is not intended for use on novelty yarns.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2018
• ICS: 59.080.20 - Yarns
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5647-07(2012) - Standard Guide for Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by the Photo-Electric Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Refers: ASTM D4849-13(2018) - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Refers: ASTM D123-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Refers: ASTM D123-15b - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM D123-15a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM D123-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM D4849-13e2 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Refers: ASTM D4849-13 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Refers: ASTM D4849-13e3 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Refers: ASTM D4849-13e1 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Refers: ASTM D123-13a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM D123-13ae1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM D123-13 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM D2258-99(2012) - Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012
• Refers: ASTM D123-12e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2012

Overview

ASTM D5647-07(2018) is the Standard Guide for Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by the Photo-Electric Apparatus, developed and published by ASTM International. This guide provides procedures for determining the hairiness of most filament and spun yarns using a photo-electric sensor apparatus. It is especially valuable for process control and research in textile production facilities, focusing on increasing awareness and promoting best practices for hairiness measurement techniques. However, it is not intended for acceptance testing of commercial yarn shipments due to variability between different manufacturers’ equipment.

Key Topics

• Measurement Method: The guide describes passing a yarn through a photo-electric device where protruding fibers interrupt a light beam. The system counts hairiness occurrences, which are automatically recorded either by a digital voltmeter or through computer data processing.
• Apparatus: Equipment requirements include a yarn hairiness meter with a photo-electric measuring head, digital recording capability, and a yarn take-up device operating at recommended speeds, typically 30 m/min.
• Calibration and Preparation: Proper calibration and cleaning of the measuring apparatus are required before testing. Settings such as yarn tension and measuring length must be carefully standardized.
• Sampling: Guidance is provided for sampling from production lots and preparing test specimens to yield meaningful, reproducible data.
• Precision and Bias: The guide highlights that results can vary significantly between instruments from different manufacturers. Comparative testing and statistical analysis are advised when there are discrepancies between laboratory results.
• Limitations: The standard is not suitable for novelty yarns and is not recommended for acceptance testing between different commercial shipments. Results are best used for internal quality control and process monitoring.

Applications

ASTM D5647-07(2018) serves several practical purposes within the textile and yarn industries:

• Process Control: Yarn producers use hairiness measurements to optimize spinning and manufacturing operations, helping to maintain consistent yarn surface characteristics.
• Research and Development: The guide supports the evaluation of yarn designs and the development of new products, offering a repeatable method to assess surface fiber characteristics.
• Machine Performance Monitoring: Hairiness data can assist in identifying wear or malfunction in processing equipment such as rotors, doffing mechanisms, guides, and travelers.
• Quality Diagnostics: Analysis of yarn hairiness helps pinpoint causes of fabric defects such as barrenness and shade variation, aiding in troubleshooting and quality improvement initiatives.
• Comparative Studies: While not suitable for formal commercial acceptance, the guide enables comparative studies within a single facility or between agreed-upon parties using standardized procedures and calibrations.

Related Standards

For broader context and complementary methods, the following ASTM standards are often referenced alongside ASTM D5647-07(2018):

• ASTM D123: Terminology Relating to Textiles
• ASTM D2258: Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
• ASTM D4849: Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers

These referenced standards provide essential definitions, sampling practices, and contextual information for interpreting hairiness measurements and ensuring best practices in textile testing.

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Keywords: ASTM D5647-07, hairiness measurement, yarn testing, photo-electric sensor, textile quality, spun yarn, filament yarn, process control, yarn surface design, laboratory testing.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5647 − 07 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Guide for
Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by the Photo-Electric
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5647; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Guide
1.1 This guide covers the determination of the hairiness of 4.1 A yarn is passed through a photo-electric device con-
most filament and spun yarn using a photo-electric sensor taining a light beam that is interrupted by the occurrence of
apparatus. It is not intended for use on novelty yarns. protrudingfibersorfilaments.Bytheuseofadigitalvoltmeter
or computer interface, the number of protruding fibers or
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
filamentsofaspecificlengthalongaspecifiedsurfacelengthof
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
yarn are counted and reported as hairiness.
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 The photo-electric method for measuring the hairiness
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of yarns is not recommended for acceptance testing of com-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mercial shipments since experience has shown that results
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
obtained from machines produced by one manufacturer cannot
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
usually be verified by machines produced by another manu-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
facturer.Thisguideisintendedtoincreasetheawarenessofthe
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
user to available techniques for measuring hairiness. In some
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
best available guide though it has not been recommended for
acceptance testing of commercial shipments.
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
assistance.Asaminimum,testsamplesthatareashomogenous
as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate
3. Terminology
test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal
numberstoeachlaboratoryfortesting.Thetestresultsfromthe
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns and
two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for
Fibers, refer to Terminology D4849.
unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and
broken filament, frayed, fuzzy, hairiness, loopy.
corrected or future test results for that material must be
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Terminology D123.
5.2 There may be a distinct difference in testing speed and
tension devices of machines supplied by different manufactur-
ers that may give differences in reported test results.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
5.3 The measurement of hairiness is important to yarn
Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018 Originally
producers.Thisguideisusefulforprocesscontrolandresearch
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5647 – 07(2012).
DOI: 10.1520/D5647-07R18.
of the yarn surface design at an individual manufacturing
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
facility. Hairiness also is used to provide yarn processing
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
machine design, and indications of malfunctioning process
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. equipment, such as rotors, doffing mechanisms, guides, and
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5647 − 07 (2018)
travelers. It can be used to identify some causes of barreness 8.1.2 Clean the photo-electric area of the measuring head
and shade variation in fabrics. thoroughly with a soft brush and aerosol duster.
8.1.3 When possible, set the yarn take-up winder speed to
6. Apparatus
30 m/min. Otherwise, use the speed closest to 30 m/min for the
machine utilized.
6.1 Yarn Hairiness Meter , photo-electric type measuring
8.1.4 Set the fiber measuring length to 1 mm unless other-
head, equipped with digital volt meter or computer interfacing
wise specified.
capable of counting the number of protruding fibers or broken
filaments of a specific length along the surface of a yarn of
NOTE 2—For some types of yarn, 3 mm has been successfully used to
known length, preferably at a measuring height of 1 mm. relate to down-line performance.
6.2 Yarn Take-Up Device, capable of winding yarn at 8.1.5 Set fixed test length to 100 m.
8.1.6 Ensure the yarn passes centrally in the slot of the
variable speeds, and preferably a means for obtaining 30
m/min. measuring head.
8.1.7 When applicable for apparatus equipped with tension
7. Sampling and Number of Specimens, Suggested adjusting capabilities, set the minimum tension to stabilize the
yarn; that is, being smooth running and having no vibration.
7.1 Lot Size—A lot is defined as a single shipment, or
8.1.8 For apparatus not equipped with tension adjusting
production run of a single type of yarn.Alot may constitute all
capabilities, set the yarn tension to provide a smooth running
or part of a single customer order.
yarn having no vibration using the following guide:
7.2 Lot Sample—As a lot sample when using this guide for
for greater than 125 tex 28 to 30 g
acceptance testing, take at random the number of shipping
for66to125tex 18to20g
units directed in an applicable material specification or other for66texorless 8to10g
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, such as an
9. Conditioning
agreement to use Practice D2258. In the absence of such an
agreement, take the number of packages
...