ASTM D8434-21

Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel Containing Organo-metallic Additive

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of an unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel under contract and is intended solely for use by purchasing agencies for testing purposes.  
1.2 This specification defines a specific type of aviation gasoline for use as an aviation spark-ignition engine test fuel. It does not include all gasolines satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.  
1.3 The unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel defined by this specification does exhibit similar octane performance to those leaded fuels with which the existing aircraft and ground-based fuel handling equipment have been designed to operate.  
1.4 Issuance of this specification does not constitute approval to operate certificated aircraft with this test fuel. Fuels used in certified engines and aircraft are ultimately approved by the certifying authority subsequent to formal submission of evidence to the authority as part of a certification program.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel at the time and place of delivery.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2021
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.J0.02 - Aviation Piston Engine Fuels

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D1094-24 - Standard Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM D910-24 - Standard Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM D2700-24 - Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM D86-23a - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM D86-23ae1 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM D4865-23 - Standard Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM D2700-23b - Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM D2700-23a - Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM D910-19 - Standard Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM D5453-19a - Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM D5059-14(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spectroscopy
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Refers: ASTM D5191-18a - Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Refers: ASTM D4809-18 - Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Refers: ASTM D910-17a - Standard Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2017
• Refers: ASTM D909-17 - Standard Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-Ignition Aviation Gasoline
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2017

Overview

ASTM D8434-21 is the internationally recognized standard specification for unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel containing organo-metallic additive, developed by ASTM International. This standard is specifically intended to guide purchasing agencies and testing authorities in the formulation, acquisition, and use of unleaded aviation gasoline test fuels designed for spark-ignition engine evaluation. D8434-21 outlines the requirements and properties for one grade of unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel (100M) to ensure performance and compatibility with existing testing protocols and equipment.

This standard enables consistent quality for aviation gasoline test fuels used in engine testing, providing specifications for properties such as octane rating, volatility, composition, additives, and safety considerations. Notably, ASTM D8434-21 does not grant approval for operation of certificated aircraft with this test fuel; it is to be used exclusively for testing and certification evidence submissions.

Key Topics

• Purpose: Defines unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel characteristics for purchase and testing, not for actual in-flight or operational use in certified aircraft.
• Octane Performance: The specified unleaded test fuel offers similar octane characteristics to traditional leaded aviation fuels (such as those conforming to ASTM D910), ensuring compatibility in engine performance tests.
• Composition and Additives:
  • The fuel consists of blends of refined hydrocarbons, possibly including aromatic or synthetic hydrocarbons.
  • Mandatory use of an organo-metallic additive package, specifically with methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT®), to achieve desired octane and engine knock resistance.
  • Provisions for additional approved additives such as oxidation inhibitors and fuel system icing inhibitors.
• Testing Methods: Conformance with the standard requires use of referenced ASTM test procedures for properties like net heat of combustion, knock rating (octane), distillation, freezing point, gum content, density, and corrosion.
• Delivery Standards: Fuel properties must conform to this specification at the time and place of delivery.
• Safety and Compliance: Users are responsible for assessing local safety, health, and environmental regulations prior to handling or testing with these fuels.

Applications

• Engine and Fuel System Testing: Key application is in laboratory and development environments where aircraft engine performance, emissions, or durability are being tested. This ensures standardization and comparability across tests for spark-ignition (piston) aviation engines.
• Certification and Qualification: Supports certification programs where manufacturers must demonstrate engine or component compliance using a standardized test fuel.
• Procurement by Testing Agencies: Provides clear guidelines for organizations to specify and purchase aviation gasoline test fuel, ensuring consistent quality for R&D and regulatory testing.

Related Standards

To ensure comprehensive testing and consistent quality, ASTM D8434-21 references and complements several other ASTM standards, including:

• ASTM D910: Specification for leaded aviation gasolines
• ASTM D2700: Standard test method for motor octane number of spark-ignition engine fuel
• ASTM D323, D5191: Methods for vapor pressure measurement
• ASTM D5059: Methods for lead and manganese in gasoline
• ASTM D2622, D4294, D5453: Methods for sulfur determination in fuels
• ASTM D873: Test for oxidation stability of aviation fuels
• ASTM D4171: Specification for fuel system icing inhibitors
• ASTM D4057, D4177: Sampling practices for petroleum products

For related testing on fuel composition, volatility, storage, and performance, users may consult these and other references outlined in the standard.

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Keywords: unleaded aviation gasoline, aviation gasoline test fuel, ASTM D8434-21, organo-metallic additive, MMT, aviation engine testing, spark-ignition, gasoline octane rating, aviation fuel standards, fuel additives.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D8434 −21
Standard Specification for
Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel Containing Organo-
metallic Additive
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8434; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for
purchases of an unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel under
2. Referenced Documents
contract and is intended solely for use by purchasing agencies
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for testing purposes.
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
1.2 This specification defines a specific type of aviation
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
gasoline for use as an aviation spark-ignition engine test fuel.
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
It does not include all gasolines satisfactory for reciprocating
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may
D323 TestMethodforVaporPressureofPetroleumProducts
permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics
(Reid Method)
than is shown by this specification.
D357 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Motor
Fuels Below 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method;
1.3 The unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel defined by this
Replaced by D 2700 (Withdrawn 1969)
specification does exhibit similar octane performance to those
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
leaded fuels with which the existing aircraft and ground-based
ration
fuel handling equipment have been designed to operate.
D614 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Aviation
1.4 Issuance of this specification does not constitute ap-
Fuels by the Aviation Method; Replaced by D 2700
proval to operate certificated aircraft with this test fuel. Fuels
(Withdrawn 1970)
used in certified engines and aircraft are ultimately approved
D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels
by the certifying authority subsequent to formal submission of
(Potential Residue Method)
evidence to the authority as part of a certification program.
D909 Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-Ignition
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Aviation Gasoline
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D910 Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
standard.
D1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
1.6 Thisspecification,unlessotherwiseprovided,prescribes
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
therequiredpropertiesofunleadedaviationgasolinetestfuelat
ucts by Hydrometer Method
the time and place of delivery.
D1948 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Motor
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Fuels Above 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method;
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Replaced by D 2700 (Withdrawn 1968)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D2392 Test Method for Color of Dyed Aviation Gasolines
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity ofAviation
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and Distillate Fuels
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Subcommittee D02.J0.02 on Aviation Piston Engine Fuels. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021. Published March 2022. DOI: 10.1520/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
D8434-21. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D8434−21
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark- 6. Materials and Manufacture
Ignition Engine Fuel 4
6.1 100M unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel, except as
D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-
otherwise specified in this specification, shall consist of blends
tion of Aviation Fuels
of refined hydrocarbons derived from crude petroleum, natural
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
gasoline, biomass or blends thereof, with synthetic hydrocar-
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
bons or aromatic hydrocarbons, or both.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
6.2 Additives—Mandatory, shall be added in the amount
Petroleum Products
and of the composition specified in the following list of
D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
approved materials.
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
6.2.1 AvGuard UL Additive Package shall be added in the
Petroleum Products
form of a multifunctional mixture containing not less than
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
28 % by mass of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbo-
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
nyl (MMT®), sufficient phosphorous based scavenger chem-
trometry
istry to provide a stoichiometric ratio of Mn:P from 1:0.1 to
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
1:10, and oxidation inhibitor in the amount of 1 mg per
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
12.5 mg Mn⁄L in the finished fuel. The balance contains no
D4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-
ingredients other than carrier solvent. The maximum manga-
tion of Aviation Fuels
nese concentration limit is specified in Table 1.
D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
6.3 Additives maybeaddedtothefuelintheamountandof
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision
the composition specified in the following list of approved
Method)
materials. The quantities and types shall be declared by the
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-
manufacturer. Additives added after the point of manufacture
tricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
shall also be declared.
D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing
6.3.1 Oxidation Inhibitor may be added to the fuel
Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
separately, or in combination, in total concentration not to
D5059 Test Methods for Lead and Manganese in Gasoline
exceed 12 mg of inhibitor (not including weight of solvent) per
by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
liter of fuel.
D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
(1) 2,6-ditertiary butyl-4-methylphenol.
ucts and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
(2) 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol.
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
(3) 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol.
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
(4) 75 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol plus 25 %
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary butylphenols.
D6469 GuideforMicrobialContaminationinFuelsandFuel
(5) 75 % minimum di- and tri-isopropyl phenols plus 25 %
Systems
maximum di- and tri-tertiary butylphenols.
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
(6) 72 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol
Determine Conformance with Specifications
plus 28 % maximum monomethyl and dimethyl tertiary butyl-
phenols.
3. Terminology
(7) N,N’-di-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine.
(8) N,N’-di-secondary-butyl-para-phenylenediamine.
3.1 Definitions:
6.3.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII)—One of the fol-
3.1.1 unleaded aviation gasoline, n—gasoline intended for
lowing may be used.
useinaircraftpoweredbyreciprocatingsparkignitionengines,
6.3.2.1 IsopropylAlcohol (IPA, propan-2-ol), inaccordance
where lead is not intentionally added for the purpose of
with the requirements of Specification D4171 (Type II). May
enhancing octane performance.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Principal properties include volatility
The following fuel, as described in Table 1 and RR:D02-2026, was used to
limits, stability, detonation-free performance in the engine for
develop this specification. A test protocol to establish equivalence of high octane
which it is intended, and suitability for low temperature
unleaded aviation gasoline is on file at ASTM International Headquarters and may
performance. beobtainedbyrequestingResearchReportRR:D02-2026.ContactASTMCustomer
Service at [e-mail].
AvGuard ULis a trademark ofAfton Chemical Corporation, 500 Spring Street,
4. General
Richmond, VA 23219, and was used in the development of this fuel specification.
This is not an endorsement or certification by ASTM International.
4.1 Thisspecification,unlessotherwiseprovided,prescribes
Supporting data pending ASTM balloting and acceptance of Research Report
TM
therequiredpropertiesofunleadedaviationgasolinetestfuelat
RR:D02-2026. AvGuard UL is an essential component in this unleaded aviation
fuel to deliver the octane levels required for proper engine performance. The
the time and place of delivery.
integrity of D8434 fuel requires that the unleaded fuel additive package meet the
specifications of D8434 Table 1 and give equivalent RR:D02-2026 results to the
5. Classification
fuel used in the development of this fuel specification.
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
5.1 One grade of unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel is
beobtainedbyrequestingResearchReportRR:D02-1125.ContactASTMCustomer
provided, known as 100M. Service at [e-mail].
D8434−21
A
TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for 100M Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel
B
Property Grade 100M ASTM Test Method
COMBUSTION
C
Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg Min 43.5 D4529, D3338,or D4809
Octane Rating
Knock value, lean mixture Motor Octane Number Min 99.6 D2700
D
Knock value, rich mixture Performance Number Report D909
COMPOSITION
Mn, g/L Min 0.076 D5059
Max 0.125
Pb, g/L Max 0.013 D5059
Sulfur, mass % Max 0.05 D2622, D4294,or D5453
VOLATILITY
E
Vapor pressure, 38 °C, kPa Min 38.0 D323 or D5191
Max 49.0
Density @ 15 °C, kg/m Report D1298 or D4052
Distillation, °C D86
Initial boiling point, °C Report
Fuel Evaporated
10 % by volume at °C Max 75
40 % by volume at °C Min 75
50 % by volume at °C Max 105
90 % by volume at °C Max 135
Final boiling point, °C Max 170
Sum of 10 % + 50 % evaporated, °C Min 135
Recovery volume % Min 97
Residue volume % Max 1.5
Loss volume % Max 1.5
FLUIDITY
F
Freezing point, °C Max –58 D2386
CORROSION
Copper strip, 2 h at 100 °C Max No. 1 D130
CONTAMINANTS
G,H
Oxidation stability (5 h aging) Max 6 D873
Potential gum, mg/100 mL
Manganese precipitate, mg/100 mL Max 3 D873
Water reaction Max ±2 D1094
Volume change, mL
ADDITIVES
I
Electrical conductivity, pS/m Max 600 D2624
A
For compliance of test results against the requirements of Table 1, see 7.2.
B
The test methods indicated in this table are referred to in Section 11.
C
Use either Eq 1 or Table 1 in Test Method D4529 or Eq 2 in Test Method D3338. Test Method D4809 may be used as an alternative. In case of dispute, Test Method
D4809 shall be used.
D
Knock values shall be reported to the nearest 0.1 octane ⁄performance number.
E
Test Method D5191 shall be the referee vapor pressure method.
F
If no crystals have appeared on cooling to –58 °C, the freezing point may be reported as less than –58 °C.
G
If mutually agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier, a 16 h aging gum requirement may be specified instead of the 5 h aging gum test; in such case the
gum content shall not exceed 10 mg ⁄100 mL and the visible manganese precipitate shall not exceed 4 mg ⁄100 mL. In such fuel the permissible antioxidant shall not
exceed 24 mg ⁄L.
H
Test Method D381 existent gum test can provide a means of detecting quality deterioration or contamination, or both, with heavier products following distribution from
refinery to airport. Refer to X1.8.1.
I
Applies only when an electrical conductivity additive is used: when a customer specifies fuel containing conductivity additive, the following conductivity limits shall apply
under the condition at point of use: Minimum 50 pS ⁄m: Maximum 600 pS ⁄m. The supplier shall report the amount of additive added.
be used in concentrations recommended by the aircraft manu- 6.3.2.3 Test Method D5006 can be used to determine the
facturer when required by the aircraft owner/operator. concentration of Di-EGME in aviation fuels.
NOTE1—Additionofisopropylalcohol(IPA)mayreduceknockratings
below minimum specification values (see X1.3.5).
6.3.2.2 Di-Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (Di-EGME),
conforming to the requirements of Specification D4171 (Type
III). May be used in concentrations of 0.10 % to 0.15 % by
volume when required by the aircraft owner/operator.
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
beobtainedbyrequestingResearchReportRR:D02-1526.ContactASTMCustomer
Service at [e-mail].
D8434−21
6.3.3 Electrical Conductivity Additive—AvGuard SDA or 9.1.1 Although automatic sampling following Practice
Stadis450 inconcentrationsupto3 mg⁄Lispermitted.When D4177maybeusefulincertainsituations,initialmanufacturer/
lossoffuelconductivitynecessitatesretreatmentwithelectrical supplierspecificationcompliancetestingshallbeperformedon
conductivity additive, further addition is permissible up to a a sample taken following procedures in Practice D4057.
TM
maximum cumulative level of 5 mg⁄L of AvGuard SDA or
9.2 Several 100M unleaded aviation gasoline properties,
Stadis 450.
including copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, and others
6.3.4 Corrosion Inhibitor Additive—The following corro-
are very sensitive to trace contamination which can originate
sion inhibitors may be added to the gasoline in concentrations
from sample containers. For recommended sample containers,
not to exceed the maximum allowable concentration (MAC)
refer to Practice D4306.
listed for each additive.
DCI-4A MAC = 24 g ⁄m
10. Reports
DCI-6A MAC = 15 g ⁄m
HITEC 580 MAC = 22.5 g ⁄m
10.1 The type and number of reports to ensure conformance
NALCO 5403 MAC = 22.5 g ⁄m
with the requirements of this specification shall be mutually
NALCO 5405 MAC = 11.0 g ⁄m
PRI-19 MAC = 22.5 g ⁄m
agreed to by the purchaser and the supplier of the 100M
UNICOR J MAC = 22.5 g ⁄m
unleaded aviation gasoline.
SPEC-AID 8Q22 MAC = 24.0 g ⁄m
TOLAD 351 MAC = 24.0 g ⁄m
TOLAD 4410 MAC = 22.5 g ⁄m
11. Test Methods
7. Detailed Requirements
11.1 Therequirementsenumeratedinthisspecificationshall
be determined in accordance with the following ASTM test
7.1 The 100M unleaded aviation gasoline shall conform to
methods:
the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
11.1.1 Net Heat of Combustion—Test Methods D4529,
7.2 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be less
D3338,or D4809.
than the minimum values specified in Table 1. No allowance
11.1.2 Knock Value (Lean Rating)—Test Method D2700.
shall be made for the precision of the test methods. To
determine the conformance to the specification requirement, a 11.1.3 Knock Value (Rich Rating)—Test Method D909.
test result shall be rounded to the same number of significant
11.1.4 Manganese—Test Method D5059.
figures as in Table 1 using Practice E29. Where multiple
11.1.5 Lead—Test Method D5059.
determinationsaremade,theaverageresult,roundedaccording
11.1.6 Sulfur—Test Methods D2622, D4294,or D5453.
to Practice E29, shall be used.
11.1.7 Vapor Pressure—Test Methods D323 or D5191.
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
11.1.8 Density—Test Methods D1298 or D4052.
8.1 The 100M unleaded aviation gasoline specified in this 11.1.9 Distillation—Test Method D86.
specification shall be free from undissolved water, sediment,
11.1.10 Freezing Point—Test Method D2386.
and suspended matter. No substances of known dangerous
11.1.11 Corrosion (Copper Strip)—Test Method D130,2h
toxicity under usual conditions of handling and use shall be
test at 100 °C in bomb.
present except as permitted in this specification.
11.1.12 Potential Gum—Test Method D873 except that
wherevertheletterXoccurs(referringtooxidationtime)insert
9. Sampling
the number 5, designating the number of hours prescribed in
9.1 Because of the importance of proper sampling proce-
this specification.
dures in establishing fuel quality, use the appropriate proce-
11.1.13 Water Reaction—Test Method D1094.
dures in Practice D4057 or Practice D4177.
11.1.14 Electrical Conductivity—Test Method D2624.
AvGuard SDA is a trademark of Afton Chemical Corp., 500 Spring Street
Richmond, VA 23219. Supporting document for this additive is found in RR:D02- 12. Keywords
1861. Contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail].
10 12.1 aviation gasoline; unleaded aviation gasoline; manga-
Stadis is a registered trademark marketed by Innospec Inc., Innospec Manu-
facturing Park, Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH65 4EY, UK. nese; MMT®
D8434−21
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF 100M UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE
X1.1 Introduction
0 % – 20 % isopentane and/or butane
60 % – 85 % alkylate or alkylate blend
X1.1.1 This test specification was developed to identify
0 % – 20 % aromatics
TM
<1 % AvGuard UL additive package
distillate range refinery products, including refined hydrocar-
bons derived from crude petroleum, or blends thereof, with
X1.3 Combustion Characteristics (Antiknock Quality and
synthetic hydrocarbons suitable for high octane unleaded
Antiknock Compound Identification)
aviation gasoline applications.The requirements of Table 1 are
X1.3.1 The fuel-air mixture in the cylinder of a spark
quality limits established based on test development as well as
ignition engine will, under certain conditions, ignite spontane-
tests performed on airframes and engines specifically designed
ously in localized areas instead of progressing from the spark.
to use these fuels.
This may cause a detonation or knock,
...