ASTM D8076-21b

Standard Specification for 100 Research Octane Number Test Fuel for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the performance requirements for a high octane number test fuel suitable for spark-ignition engines to be used in ground vehicles that will require 100 research octane number (RON) minimum rated fuel. The fuels described by this specification are intended for developing technologies that lead to reduced vehicle energy consumption, such as higher compression ratio, higher power density, increased turbocharger boost pressure, smaller swept displacement volume, and operation at lower engine speeds. These fuels may contain oxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers, up to 50% by volume, and both fossil and bio-derived components.
This specification prescribes the vapor pressure and distillation requirements as well as the oxygenate blendstock requirements for a high octane number test fuel. It also covers the ordering information, test methods, workmanship, sampling, containers, and sample handling.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements of a high octane number test fuel suitable for spark-ignition engines to be utilized in ground vehicles that will require 100 research octane number (RON) minimum rated fuel.  
1.1.1 The fuels described by this specification are intended for developing technologies that lead to reduced vehicle energy consumption, such as higher compression ratio, higher power density, increased turbocharger boost pressure, smaller swept displacement volume, and operation at lower engine speeds.  
1.1.2 The fuels described in this test fuel specification may not meet all of the performance or regulatory requirements for use in vehicles using commercial gasoline.  
1.2 The fuels covered in this specification may contain oxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers, up to 50 % by volume. This specification covers fuels that may contain both fossil and bio-derived components.  
1.3 This specification provides a description of high RON test fuel for automotive spark-ignition engines that are not currently in the marketplace but are being developed and require a defined standard test fuel. The high RON fuel could become available in the marketplace if/when such engines are introduced in commerce. The specification is under continuous review, which can result in revisions based on changes in fuel, automotive requirements, or test methods, or a combination thereof. All users of this specification, therefore, should refer to the latest edition.
Note 1: If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Specification D8076, contact ASTM International Headquarters.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are the standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—Non-SI values are provided for information only. U.S. federal regulations frequently specify non-SI units.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2021
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.A0.01 - Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D2700-24 - Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM D2699-24 - Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM D4814-24 - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM D4175-23a - Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM D86-23a - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM D86-23ae1 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM D4814-23a - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM D2700-23b - Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM D2699-23b - Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM D2700-23a - Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM D2699-23a - Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM D5842-23 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM D4175-23e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2023
• Refers: ASTM D4953-20 - Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM D5482-20 - Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method—Atmospheric)
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020

Overview

ASTM D8076-21b is the standard specification for 100 Research Octane Number (RON) test fuel used in evaluating and developing automotive spark-ignition engines. Issued by ASTM International, this standard defines the performance, quality, and handling requirements for high-octane test fuels specifically intended for advanced engine technologies designed for ground vehicles. The specification supports the development of engines with higher compression ratios, increased turbocharger boost, higher power density, and more efficient fuel economy. D8076-21b is crucial for research, emissions testing, and technology validation-especially for fuels that contain oxygenates and meet a minimum RON of 100, aligning with the needs of future, more energy-efficient vehicle designs.

Key Topics

• Research Octane Number (RON) 100 Fuel: Specifies minimum RON 100 and motor octane number (MON) 86 for enhanced engine knock resistance and performance.
• Fuel Composition: Permits blends of fossil and bio-derived components, with up to 50% by volume oxygenates (such as ethanol, methanol, ethers).
• Performance Properties:
  • Strict limits for parameters including vapor pressure, distillation temperatures, sulfur, lead, manganese, and chlorides.
  • Mandates adequate oxidation stability and low gum content to ensure engine cleanliness and fuel durability.
• Volatility & Blending: Considers vapor pressure and key distillation points (10%, 50%, and 90% evaporated) to control engine startability and driveability.
• Regulatory Alignment: Provides guidance relevant to U.S. EPA and California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulations, including limits on hazardous components.

Applications

ASTM D8076-21b is principally used in the following scenarios:

• Automotive Research and Development: Serves as the reference fuel for testing new spark-ignition engine designs, especially those targeting lower energy consumption and higher efficiency.
• Emissions and Certification Testing: Ensures that engines under development are evaluated using a consistent, high-performance test fuel closely representing future commercial needs.
• Fuel System Design: Assists engineers in designing and validating components (injectors, valves, sensors) for compatibility with high-octane and oxygenated fuels.
• Blendstock Formulation and Evaluation: Guides fuel producers in blending RON 100 test fuels with specified oxygenate levels for laboratory and certification purposes.
• Regulatory Compliance Assessment: Supports evidence generation for compliance with evolving emissions and fuel quality standards.

Industry Relevance

• OEMs & Tier 1 Suppliers: Facilitate innovation in combustion design and control strategies that take advantage of anti-knock performance.
• Fuel and Additive Manufacturers: Develop, test, and validate high-octane, lower-emission fuels suitable for next-generation engines.
• Environmental Laboratories: Perform reliable and repeatable pollutants testing using defined, consistent fuel compositions.

Related Standards

Utilization of ASTM D8076-21b often involves reference to several related fuel, testing, and emissions standards:

• ASTM D2699: Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• ASTM D2700: Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• ASTM D4814: Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• ASTM D4806: Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines
• ASTM D7862: Specification for Butanol for Blending with Gasoline
• ASTM D5983: Specification for MTBE (Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether) in Fuel Blends
• ASTM D86: Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
• ASTM D5599 / D4815: Methods for Oxygenate Content Determination
• EPA Regulations: U.S. Clean Air Act requirements

Practical Value

ASTM D8076-21b ensures that engine and fuel developers have access to a consistently defined, high-quality RON 100 test fuel. This standard underpins credible laboratory research, emissions compliance demonstrations, and the future deployment of high-efficiency engines that demand superior fuel anti-knock performance. It enables the automotive and fuel industries to innovate toward cleaner, more efficient, and sustainable ground vehicle technologies while maintaining clarity on fuel specifications and compatibility with emerging regulatory frameworks.

Keywords: ASTM D8076-21b, RON 100 fuel, high octane number test fuel, spark-ignition engine, automotive fuel standards, oxygenate blends, octane sensitivity, fuel volatility, emissions testing, fuel blending, engine knock resistance.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D8076 −21b
Standard Specification for
100 Research Octane Number Test Fuel for Automotive
Spark-Ignition Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8076; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This specification covers the requirements of a high
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
octane number test fuel suitable for spark-ignition engines to
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
be utilized in ground vehicles that will require 100 research
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
octane number (RON) minimum rated fuel.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.1.1 The fuels described by this specification are intended
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
fordevelopingtechnologiesthatleadtoreducedvehicleenergy
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
consumption, such as higher compression ratio, higher power
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
density, increased turbocharger boost pressure, smaller swept
displacement volume, and operation at lower engine speeds.
2. Referenced Documents
1.1.2 The fuels described in this test fuel specification may
2.1 ASTM Standards:
not meet all of the performance or regulatory requirements for
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
use in vehicles using commercial gasoline.
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
1.2 The fuels covered in this specification may contain
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
oxygenates,suchasalcoholsandethers,upto50 %byvolume.
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
This specification covers fuels that may contain both fossil and
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
bio-derived components.
ration
1.3 This specification provides a description of high RON
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-
test fuel for automotive spark-ignition engines that are not
duction Period Method)
currently in the marketplace but are being developed and
D1152 Specification for Methanol (Methyl Alcohol) (With-
require a defined standard test fuel. The high RON fuel could
drawn 2021)
become available in the marketplace if/when such engines are
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp
introduced in commerce. The specification is under continuous
Method)
review, which can result in revisions based on changes in fuel,
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
automotive requirements, or test methods, or a combination
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
thereof.Allusersofthisspecification,therefore,shouldreferto
D2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-
the latest edition.
Ignition Engine Fuel
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-
NOTE 1—If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Specification
Ignition Engine Fuel
D8076, contact ASTM International Headquarters.
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
1.4 The values stated in SI units are the standard.
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
1.4.1 Exception—Non-SI values are provided for informa-
lometry
tion only. U.S. federal regulations frequently specify non-SI
D3237 TestMethodforLeadinGasolinebyAtomicAbsorp-
units.
tion Spectroscopy
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D3831 Test Method for Manganese in Gasoline By Atomic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2017. Last pervious edition approved in 2021 as D8076 – 21a. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D8076-21B. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D8076−21b
Absorption Spectroscopy D7319 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and tential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol and
Butanol by Direct Injection Suppressed Ion Chromatog-
Petroleum Products
raphy
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
D7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-
Fuels, and Lubricants
tential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in
D4176 Test Method for FreeWater and Particulate Contami-
Fuel Ethanol by Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous
nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
Sample Injection
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
D7618 Specification for Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE)
Petroleum Products
for Blending with Aviation Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
D7667 Test Method for Determination of Corrosiveness to
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
Silver by Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel—Thin
D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blend-
Silver Strip Method
ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition
D7671 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Silver byAutomo-
Engine Fuel
tive Spark–Ignition Engine Fuel–Silver Strip Method
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
D7862 Specification for Butanol for Blending with Gasoline
Fuel
for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alco-
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1 4
hols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
2.2 Government Regulations:
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
United States Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 Protec-
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
tion of Environment
D5059 Test Methods for Lead and Manganese in Gasoline
California Code of Regulations Title 17—Public Health—
by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Section 60100–60114 Description of California Air Ba-
D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
sins
ucts and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
2.3 Other Documents:
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
CRC Report No. 660 Fuel Antiknock Quality—Engine Re-
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
sponse to RON Versus MON Scoping Tests, Final Report,
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
May 2011
D5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
ucts and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method—Atmospheric) 3. Terminology
D5599 Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in
3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.
Gasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen Selective
3.2 Definitions:
Flame Ionization Detection
3.2.1 dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE), n—value cal-
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
culated by a defined correlation equation that is expected to be
Volatility Measurement
comparable to the vapor pressure value obtained by Test
D5845 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,
Method D4953, Procedure A. D4953
TAME, DIPE, Methanol, Ethanol and tert-Butanol in
3.2.2 gasoline, n—a volatile mixture of liquid
Gasoline by Infrared Spectroscopy
hydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts of
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
additives, suitable for use as a fuel in spark-ignition, internal
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
combustion engines. D4814
D5983 Specification for Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether
3.2.3 gasoline-oxygenate blend, n—a fuel consisting pri-
(MTBE) for Blending With Gasolines for Use as Auto-
marily of gasoline along with a substantial amount (more than
motive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
0.35 % by mass oxygen) of one or more oxygenates. D4814
D6378 Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure
3.2.4 octane sensitivity, n—the mathematical difference be-
(VP ) of Petroleum Products, Hydrocarbons, and
X
tween research octane number (RON) and motor octane
Hydrocarbon-Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple Expansion
number (MON) (octane sensitivity = RON – MON).
Method)
3.2.4.1 Discussion—A typical value for sensitivity is 6 to
D6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content of
10. A larger value is referred to as high sensitivity.
Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography
D7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet
Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
Gasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic Wavelength
Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW,Washington, DC 20401-0001, or electronically
Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry at https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/cfr.
Available from California’s Office of Administrative Law, https://oal.ca.gov/
D7220 Test Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, and
publications/ccr/.
Jet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray 6
Available from Coordinating Research Council, 5755 North Point Parkway,
Fluorescence Spectrometry Suite 265, Alpharetta, GA 30022, http://www.crcao.org.
D8076−21b
A
TABLE 2 Vapor Pressure and Distillation Requirements
3.2.4.2 Discussion—Thetermsoctanesensitivityandoctane
Vapor Pressure/ ASTM Test
number sensitivity are used synonymously.
Property
Distillation Methods
3.2.5 oxygenate, n—a molecule composed solely of carbon,
Vapor pressure, at 37.8 °C (100 °F), kPa 62 (9.0) D4953,
(psi), max D5191,
hydrogen, and oxygen. D4814
D5482,or
3.2.5.1 Discussion—The fuel described in this standard may
D6378
contain oxygenates. Distillation temperatures, °C (°F), at %
evaporated and 101.3 kPa pressure (760
mm Hg)
4. Ordering Information
10 % by volume, max 70. (158)
4.1 The volatility of the fuel shall be agreed upon between
50 % by volume
D86
min 66 (150.)
buyer and seller.
max 121 (250.)
4.2 State the concentration and types of oxygenates present 90 % by volume, max 190. (374)
End point, max 225 (437)
as agreed upon between buyer and seller.
Distillation residue, % by volume, max 2 D86
A
5. Performance Requirements for High Octane Number See 5.1.2 for determining conformance with numerical specification limits in this
table.
Test Fuel
5.1 High octane number test fuel shall conform to the
requirements of Table 1, and meet the volatility requirements
of Table 2. The significance of each of the properties of this
5.2.1 For engines with increased compression ratio, higher
specification is shown in Appendix X1.
boost pressure, operating at slower speeds, and smaller swept
5.1.1 The user is advised to review applicable national,
displacement volume, a high RON, combined with high octane
state, provincial, or local fuel requirements.
sensitivity, are well correlated with knock resistance.
5.1.1.1 In the United States there may be additional Clean
5.2.2 A minimum motor octane number (MON) is required
AirActrequirementsthatmustbefulfilledpriortointroduction
to ensure antiknock performance for all engines at high
of the high octane number fuel into commerce. See Appendix
ambient temperature and certain other conditions (see CRC
X3 in Specification D4814 for information on U.S. Environ-
Report No. 660).
mental ProtectionAgency (EPA) regulations for spark-ignition
engine fuels. 5.3 Volatility requirements for the high octane number test
fuel are specified in Table 2. Different limits on dry vapor
5.1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this
specification: For purposes of determining conformance with pressure equivalent (DVPE), T50, and other volatility param-
eters may be agreed upon between buyer and seller. For
these specifications, an observed value or a calculated value
shallberoundedtothenearestunitintheright-mostsignificant guidance on volatility requirements for specific climatic
digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance conditions, consult section 5.2.1 of Specification D4814.
with the rounding method of Practice E29. For a specification
5.4 Oxygenate Blendstock Requirements:
limit expressed as an integer, a trailing zero is significant only
5.4.1 Denatured fuel ethanol used in blending high octane
if the decimal point is specified. For a specified limit expressed
number fuel shall conform to the requirements of Specification
as an integer, and the right-most digit is non-zero, the right-
D4806.
most digit is significant without a decimal point being speci-
5.4.2 Butanol used in blending high octane number fuel
fied.This convention applies to specified limits in Tables 1 and
shall conform to the requirements of Specification D7862.
2.
5.4.3 Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) used in blending high
5.2 RON and octane sensitivity are critical performance octane number fuel shall conform to the requirements of
parameters for the fuels described in this specification. Engine Specification D5983.
knock and laboratory octane number are described in X1.2 and 5.4.4 Methanol used in blending high octane number fuel
X1.3, respectively. shall conform to the requirements of Specification D1152.
A
TABLE 1 High Octane Number Test Fuel Specifications
Property Limit ASTM Test Method
Research octane number, min 100. D2699
Motor octane number, min 86 D2700
Sensitivity, min 8 D2699, D2700
Inorganic chloride, mg/kg, max 1 D7319 or D7328 as modified in 7.1.12
B
Lead content, g/L (g/U.S. gal), max 0.013 (0.05) D3237 or D5059
Sulfur, mg/kg, max 10 D1266, D2622, D3120, D5453, D7220,or D7039
C D
Manganese content, mg/L, max 0.25 D3831
Copper strip corrosion, max No. 1 D130
Silver strip corrosion, max No. 1 D7667 or D7671
Solvent-washed gum content, mg/100 mL, max 5 D381
Oxidation stability, minutes, min 240. D525
A
See 5.1.2 for determining conformance with numerical specification limits in this table.
B
The intentional addition of lead is prohibited.
C
See Appendix X2 for information on U.S. EPA and California Air Resources Board regulations for manganese in gasoline.
D
This level represents the lower limit of the Test Method D3831 scope.
D8076−21b
5.4.5 Ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) used in blending high 7.1.4 Solvent-Washed Gum Content—TestMethodD381,air
octane number fuel shall conform to the requirements of jet apparatus.
Specification D7618.
7.1.5 Sulfur—Test Methods D1266, D2622, D3120, D5453,
D7039,or D7220.
5.5 Deposit control additives are added to spark-ignition
7.1.6 Lead—Test Methods D3237 or D5059 (Test Method
engine fuel to help keep fuel injectors and intake valves clean.
C), which are appropriate for lead levels below 0.03 g⁄L
5.5.1 In the United States, deposit control additives used in
(0.1 g⁄U.S. gal).
gasoline are required to be certified by the EPA. As this
7.1.7 Oxidation Stability—Test Method D525.
specification is for a test fuel, requirements for deposit control
7.1.8 Oxygenate Detection—Test Methods D4815, D5599,
additives have not been determined.
or D5845. These test methods are designed for the quantitative
determination of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-
6. Workmanship
butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), diisopro-
6.1 The test fuel shall be visually free of undissolved water,
pyl ether (DIPE), methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and tert-butyl
sediment, and suspended matter; it shall be clear and bright at
alcohol. In addition, Test Methods D4815 and D5599 are
the fuel temperature at the point of custody transfer or at a
designed for the quantitative determination of n-propyl
lower temperature agreed upon by the purchaser and seller.
alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol,
isobutyl alcohol, and tert-pentyl alcohol. Results for all of
NOTE 2—Test Method D4176 can be helpful for evaluating the product.
these test methods are reported in percent by mass. Test
6.1.1 Avoiding Water Haze and Phase Separation—The test
Method D4815 includes procedures for calculating oxygenate
fuel should not contain a separate water or water-alcohol phase
concentration in percent by volume and percent-by-mass
atthetimeitisintroducedintoavehicleorequipmentfueltank
oxygen content using the percent-by-mass oxygenate results.
or under the conditions the fuel is used. Water that is dissolved
7.1.9 Corrosion, for Silver—TestMethodsD7667orD7671.
in fuel at the point of use does not generally cause engine
7.1.10 Research Octane Number—Test Method D2699.
problems. However, if excess water is present in spark-ignition
7.1.11 Motor Octane Number—Test Method D2700.
fuel, a separate phase, either ‘free water’ or a water-alcohol
7.1.12 Chloride—Test Method D7319 modified to use a
mixture, can form. Either condition can lead to engine damage,
pre-concentration column to concentrate the chloride and
engine failing to start, or failing to operate properly. A
eliminate the fuel matrix with deionized water, or Test Method
separated water-rich phase can be observed as a haze, as water
D7328 modified to increase fuel sample volume from 2 mL to
droplets, or as a distinct lower layer. This lower aqueous phase
20 mL but still dissolve the residue from evaporation in 2 mL
can be corrosive to many metals and the engine cannot operate
of water to concentrate tenfold. Note that precision and bias in
on it. Similarly, the upper hydrocarbon phase may no longer
the test method may not be applicable to this modification.
meet volatility and antiknock properties.
7.1.13 Manganese—Test Method D3831.
6.2 The test fuel shall also be free of any adulterant or
7.2 Tests applicable to gasoline are not necessarily appli-
contaminant that can render the fuel unacceptable for its
cable to its blends with oxygenates. Consequently, the type of
commonly used applications.
fuel under consideration must first be identified in order to
select applicable tests. Test Method D4815 provides a proce-
7. Test Methods
dure for determining oxygenate concentration in percent by
7.1 The requirements of this specification shall be deter-
mass. Test Method D4815 also includes procedures for calcu-
minedinaccordancewiththemethodslistedbelow.Thescopes
lating percent-by-mass oxygen content and oxygenate concen-
of some of the test methods listed below do not include
tration in percent by volume. Appendix X4 in Specification
gasoline-ethanol blends or other gasoline-oxygenate blends.
D4814 provides a procedure for calculating the percent-by-
Refer to the listed test methods to determine applicability or
mass oxygen content of a fuel using measured oxygenate type,
required modifications for use with gasoline-oxygenate blends.
oxygenate concentration in percent by volume, and measured
Theprecisionofthesetestmethodscandifferfromthereported
density or relative density of the fuel.
precisions when testing gasoline-ethanol blends or other
gasoline-oxygenate blends.
8. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling
7.1.1 Distillation—Test Method D86.
8.1 The user is strongly advised to review all intended test
7.1.2 Vapor Pressure—Test Methods D4953, D5191,
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8076 − 21a D8076 − 21b
Standard Specification for
100 Research Octane Number Test Fuel for Automotive
Spark-Ignition Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8076; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the requirements of a high octane number test fuel suitable for spark-ignition engines to be utilized
in ground vehicles that will require 100 research octane number (RON) minimum rated fuel.
1.1.1 The fuels described by this specification are intended for developing technologies that lead to reduced vehicle energy
consumption, such as higher compression ratio, higher power density, increased turbocharger boost pressure, smaller swept
displacement volume, and operation at lower engine speeds.
1.1.2 The fuels described in this test fuel specification may not meet all of the performance or regulatory requirements for use in
vehicles using commercial gasoline.
1.2 The fuels covered in this specification may contain oxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers, up to 50 % by volume. This
specification covers fuels that may contain both fossil and bio-derived components.
1.3 This specification provides a description of high RON test fuel for automotive spark-ignition engines that are not currently in
the marketplace but are being developed and require a defined standard test fuel. The high RON fuel could become available in
the marketplace if/when such engines are introduced in commerce. The specification is under continuous review, which can result
in revisions based on changes in fuel, automotive requirements, or test methods, or a combination thereof. All users of this
specification, therefore, should refer to the latest edition.
NOTE 1—If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Specification D8076, contact ASTM International Headquarters.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are the standard.
1.4.1 Exception—Non-SI values are provided for information only. U.S. federal regulations frequently specify non-SI units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.
Current edition approved April 1, 2021Oct. 1, 2021. Published April 2021October 2021. Originally approved in 2017. Last pervious edition approved in 2021 as
D8076 – 21.D8076 – 21a. DOI: 10.1520/D8076-21A.10.1520/D8076-21B.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D8076 − 21b
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)
D1152 Specification for Methanol (Methyl Alcohol) (Withdrawn 2021)
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
D3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
D3831 Test Method for Manganese in Gasoline By Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alcohols in
1 4
Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
D5059 Test Methods for Lead and Manganese in Gasoline by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,
and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method—Atmospheric)
D5599 Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen Selective Flame
Ionization Detection
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
D5845 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, Methanol, Ethanol and tert-Butanol in Gasoline by
Infrared Spectroscopy
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D5983 Specification for Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) for Blending With Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-
Ignition Engine Fuel
D6378 Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure (VP ) of Petroleum Products, Hydrocarbons, and Hydrocarbon-
X
Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple Expansion Method)
D6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content of Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography
D7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-Ethanol
Blends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D7220 Test Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
Spectrometry
D7319 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol and Butanol by
Direct Injection Suppressed Ion Chromatography
D7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol
by Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous Sample Injection
D7618 Specification for Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE) for Blending with Aviation Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D7667 Test Method for Determination of Corrosiveness to Silver by Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel—Thin Silver Strip
Method
D7671 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Silver by Automotive Spark–Ignition Engine Fuel–Silver Strip Method
D7862 Specification for Butanol for Blending with Gasoline for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
D8076 − 21b
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
2.2 Government Regulations:
United States Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 Protection of Environment
California Code of Regulations Title 17—Public Health—Section 60100–60114 Description of California Air Basins
2.3 Other Documents:
CRC Report No. 660 Fuel Antiknock Quality—Engine Response to RON Versus MON Scoping Tests, Final Report, May 2011
3. Terminology
3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE), n—value calculated by a defined correlation equation that is expected to be
comparable to the vapor pressure value obtained by Test Method D4953, Procedure A. D4953
3.2.2 gasoline, n—a volatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts of additives, suitable for use as
a fuel in spark-ignition, internal combustion engines. D4814
3.2.3 gasoline-oxygenate blend, n—a fuel consisting primarily of gasoline along with a substantial amount (more than 0.35 % by
mass oxygen) of one or more oxygenates. D4814
3.2.4 octane sensitivity, n—the mathematical difference between research octane number (RON) and motor octane number (MON)
(octane sensitivity = RON – MON).
3.2.4.1 Discussion—
A typical value for sensitivity is 6 to 10. A larger value is referred to as high sensitivity.
3.2.4.2 Discussion—
The terms octane sensitivity and octane number sensitivity are used synonymously.
3.2.5 oxygenate, n—a molecule composed solely of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. D4814
3.2.5.1 Discussion—
The fuel described in this standard may contain oxygenates.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 The volatility of the fuel shall be agreed upon between buyer and seller.
4.2 State the concentration and types of oxygenates present as agreed upon between buyer and seller.
5. Performance Requirements for High Octane Number Test Fuel
5.1 High octane number test fuel shall conform to the requirements of Table 1, and meet the volatility requirements of Table 2.
The significance of each of the properties of this specification is shown in Appendix X1.
5.1.1 The user is advised to review applicable national, state, provincial, or local fuel requirements.
5.1.1.1 In the United States there may be additional Clean Air Act requirements that must be fulfilled prior to introduction of the
high octane number fuel into commerce. See Appendix X3 in Specification D4814 for information on U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) regulations for spark-ignition engine fuels.
5.1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this specification: For purposes of determining conformance with these
specifications, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the right-most significant digit used
in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29. For a specification limit expressed
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, or electronically at
https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/cfr.
Available from California’s Office of Administrative Law, https://oal.ca.gov/publications/ccr/.
Available from Coordinating Research Council, 5755 North Point Parkway, Suite 265, Alpharetta, GA 30022, http://www.crcao.org.
D8076 − 21b
A
TABLE 1 High Octane Number Test Fuel Specifications
Property Limit ASTM Test Method
Research octane number, min 100. D2699
Motor octane number, min 86 D2700
Sensitivity, min 8 D2699, D2700
Inorganic chloride, mg/kg, max 1 D7319 or D7328 as modified in 7.1.12
B
Lead content, g/L (g/U.S. gal), max 0.013 (0.05) D3237 or D5059
Sulfur, mg/kg, max 10 D1266, D2622, D3120, D5453, D7220, or D7039
B C
Manganese content, mg/L, max 0.25 D3831
C D
Manganese content, mg/L, max 0.25 D3831
Copper strip corrosion, max No. 1 D130
Silver strip corrosion, max No. 1 D7667 or D7671
Solvent-washed gum content, mg/100 mL, max 5 D381
Oxidation stability, minutes, min 240. D525
A
See 5.1.2 for determining conformance with numerical specification limits in this table.
B
The intentional addition of lead is prohibited.
C
See Appendix X2 for information on U.S. EPA and California Air Resources Board regulations for manganese in gasoline.
D
This level represents the lower limit of the Test Method D3831 scope.
A
TABLE 2 Vapor Pressure and Distillation Requirements
Vapor Pressure/ ASTM Test
Property
Distillation Methods
Vapor pressure, at 37.8 °C (100 °F), kPa 62 (9.0) D4953,
(psi), max D5191,
D5482, or
D6378
Distillation temperatures, °C (°F), at %
evaporated and 101.3 kPa pressure (760
mm Hg)
10 % by volume, max 70. (158)
50 % by volume D86
min 66 (150.)
max 121 (250.)
90 % by volume, max 190. (374)
End point, max 225 (437)
Distillation residue, % by volume, max 2 D86
A
See 5.1.2 for determining conformance with numerical specification limits in this
table.
as an integer, a trailing zero is significant only if the decimal point is specified. For a specified limit expressed as an integer, and
the right-most digit is non-zero, the right-most digit is significant without a decimal point being specified. This convention applies
to specified limits in Tables 1 and 2.
5.2 RON and octane sensitivity are critical performance parameters for the fuels described in this specification. Engine knock and
laboratory octane number are described in X1.2 and X1.3, respectively.
5.2.1 For engines with increased compression ratio, higher boost pressure, operating at slower speeds, and smaller swept
displacement volume, a high RON, combined with high octane sensitivity, are well correlated with knock resistance.
5.2.2 A minimum motor octane number (MON) is required to ensure antiknock performance for all engines at high ambient
temperature and certain other conditions (see CRC Report No. 660).
5.3 Volatility requirements for the high octane number test fuel are specified in Table 2. Different limits on dry vapor pressure
equivalent (DVPE), T50, and other volatility parameters may be agreed upon between buyer and seller. For guidance on volatility
requirements for specific climatic conditions, consult section 5.2.1 of Specification D4814.
5.4 Oxygenate Blendstock Requirements:
5.4.1 Denatured fuel ethanol used in blending high octane number fuel shall conform to the requirements of Specification D4806.
5.4.2 Butanol used in blending high octane number fuel shall conform to the requirements of Specification D7862.
5.4.3 Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) used in blending high octane number fuel shall conform to the requirements of Specification
D5983.
D8076 − 21b
5.4.4 Methanol used in blending high octane number fuel shall conform to the requirements of Specification D1152.
5.4.5 Ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) used in blending high octane number fuel shall conform to the requirements of Specification
D7618.
5.5 Deposit control additives are added to spark-ignition engine fuel to help keep fuel injectors and intake valves clean.
5.5.1 In the United States, deposit control additives used in gasoline are required to be certified by the EPA. As this specification
is for a test fuel, requirements for deposit control additives have not been determined.
6. Workmanship
6.1 The test fuel shall be visually free of undissolved water, sediment, and suspended matter; it shall be clear and bright at the
fuel temperature at the point of custody transfer or at a lower temperature agreed upon by the purchaser and seller.
NOTE 2—Test Method D4176 can be helpful for evaluating the product.
6.1.1 Avoiding Water Haze and Phase Separation—The test fuel should not contain a separate water or water-alcohol phase at the
time it is introduced into a vehicle or equipment fuel tank or under the conditions the fuel is used. Water that is dissolved in fuel
at the point of use does not generally cause engine problems. However, if excess water is present in spark-ignition fuel, a separate
phase, either ‘free water’ or a water-alcohol mixture, can form. Either condition can lead to engine damage, engine failing to start,
or failing to operate properly. A separated water-rich phase can be observed as a haze, as water droplets, or as a distinct lower layer.
This lower aqueous phase can be corrosive to many metals and the engine cannot operate on it. Similarly, the upper hydrocarbon
phase may no longer meet volatility and antiknock properties.
6.2 The test fuel shall also be free of any adulterant or contaminant that can render the fuel unacceptable for its commonly used
applications.
7. Test Methods
7.1 The requirements of this specification shall be determined in accordance with the methods listed below. The scopes of some
of the test methods listed below do not include gasoline-ethanol blends or other gasoline-oxygenate blends. Refer to the listed test
methods to determine applicability or required modifications for use with gasoline-oxygenate blends. The precision of these test
methods can differ from the reported precisions when testing gasoline-ethanol blends or other gasoline-oxygenate blends.
7.1.1 Distillation—Test Method D86.
7.1.2 Vapor Pressure—Test Methods D4953, D5191, D5482, or D6378.
7.1.2.1 When using Test Method D6378, determine VP at 37.8 °C (100 °F) using a sample from a 1 L container and convert to
DVPE (D5191 equivalence) using the following equation:
Predicted DVPE 5 VP 2 1.005 kPa (1)
4 37.8 °C
Predicted DVPE 5 VP 2 0.15 psi (2)
4 37.8 °C
7.1.3 Corrosion, for Copper—Test Method D130, 3 h at 50 °C (122 °F).
7.1.4 Solvent-Washed Gum Content—Test Method D381, air jet apparatus.
7.1.5 Sulfur—Test Methods D1266, D2622, D3120, D5453, D7039, or D7220.
7.1.6 Lead—Test Methods D3237 or D5059 (Test Method C), which are appropriate for lead levels below 0.03 g ⁄L (0.1 g ⁄U.S.
gal).
7.1.7 Oxidation Stability—Test Method D525.
D8076 − 21b
7.1.8 Oxygenate Detection—Test Methods D4815, D5599, or D5845. These test methods are designed for the quantitative
determination of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), diisopropyl ether
(DIPE), methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and tert-butyl alcohol. In addition, Test Methods D4815 and D5599 are designed for the
quantitative determination of n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and
tert-pentyl alcohol. Results for all of these test methods are reported in percent by mass. Test Method D4815 includes procedures
for calculating oxygenate concentration in percent by volume and percent-by-mass oxygen content using the percent-by-mass
oxygenate results.
7.1.9 Corrosion, for Silver—Test Methods D7667 or D7671.
7.1.10 Research Octane Number—Test Method D2699.
7.1.11 Motor Octane Number—Test Method D2700.
7.1.12 Chloride—Test Method D7319 modified to use a pre-concentration column to concentrate the chloride and eliminate the
fuel matrix with deionized water, or Test Method D7328 modified to increase fuel sample volume from 2 mL to 20 mL but still
dissolve the residue from evaporation in 2 mL of water to concentrate tenfold. Note that precision and bias in the test method may
not be applicable to this modification.
7.1.13 Manganese—Test Method D3831.
7.2 Tests applicable to gasoline are not necessarily applicable to its blends with oxygenates. Consequently, the type of fuel under
consideration must first be identified in order to select applicable tests. Test Method D4815 provides a procedure for determining
oxygenate concentration in percent by mass. Test Method D4815 also includes procedures for calculating percent-by-mass oxygen
content and oxygenate concentration in percent by volume. Appendix X4 in Specification D4814 provides a procedure for
calculating the percent-by-mass oxygen content of a fuel using measured oxygenate type, oxygenate concentration in percent by
volume, and measured density or relative density of the fu
...