ASTM D1072-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Total Sulfur in Fuel Gases by Combustion and Barium Chloride Titration
Standard Test Method for Total Sulfur in Fuel Gases by Combustion and Barium Chloride Titration
ABSTRACT
This test method is for the determination of total sulfur in combustible fuel gases and is applicable to natural gases, manufactured gases, mixed gases, and other miscellaneous gaseous fuels. For the use of barium chloride titration following collection of sulfur dioxide by alternative procedures, ammonia, amines, substances producing water soluble cations, and fluorides will interfere with the titration. The apparatus includes the following: (1) burner, (2) chimneys, absorbers, and spray traps, (3) flow meter, (4) vacuum system, (5) air-purifying system, and (6) monometer. The schematic diagrams of the gas burner, combustion and absorption apparatus, suction system, and purified air system are provided. Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests and include: (1) water, (2) denatured ethyl or isopropyl alcohol, (3) barium chloride, standard solution, (4) hydrochloric acid, (5) hydrogen peroxide, (6) iso-propanol, (7) potassium hydrogen phthalate, (8) phenolphthalein, (9) methyl orange indicator solution, (10) silver nitrate solution, (11) sodium carbonate solution, (12) sodium hydroxide solution, (13) sulfuric acid, (14) tetrahydroxyquinone indicator, and (15) thorin indicator. The procedure for the following are detailed: (1) calibration and standardization of sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, and barium chloride solutions, (2) preparation of apparatus, (3) sulfur determination, (4) analysis of absorbent, and (5) quality assurance. The formula of calculating the volume of gas in standard cubic feet burned during the determination and the concentration of sulfur from the results of titration are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is for the determination of total sulfur in combustible fuel gases, when present in sulfur concentrations between approximately 25 and 700 mg/m3 (1 to 30 grains per 100 cubic feet). It is applicable to natural gases, manufactured gases, mixed gases, and other miscellaneous gaseous fuels.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1072 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Total Sulfur in Fuel Gases by Combustion and Barium
1
Chloride Titration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1072; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope are absorbed in sodium carbonate solution, where they are
oxidized to sulfate. The sulfate in the absorbent solution is
1.1 This test method is for the determination of total sulfur
determined by titration with standardized barium chloride
in combustible fuel gases, when present in sulfur concentra-
3 solution, using tetra-hydroxy-quinone (THQ) as an indicator.
tions between approximately 25 and 700 mg/m (1 to 30 grains
per 100 cubic feet). It is applicable to natural gases, manufac-
5. Interferences
tured gases, mixed gases, and other miscellaneous gaseous
5.1 There are no known interferences for the determination
fuels.
of total sulfur in fuel gases when combustion is followed by
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
barium chloride titration. However, users employing barium
as standard.
chloride titration following collection of sulfur dioxide by
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
alternative procedures are cautioned that ammonia, amines,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
substances producing water soluble cations, and fluorides will
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
interfere with the titration.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Apparatus
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
6.1 Burner (Fig. 1), as specified in the Appendix X1.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
6.2 Chimneys, Absorbers and Spray Traps, (Fig. 2), as
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
specified in the Appendix X1.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
6.3 Flow meter—A calibrated capillary flow meter for
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
predetermining and indicating the rate of flow of gas to the
burner. The capillary selected should be of such size that at the
2. Referenced Documents
required rate of flow the differential pressure is at least 20 cm
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of water. A scale divided into millimeters will then provide a
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
reading precision of 6 0.5 %. Other metering devices, includ-
D4150 Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
ing but not limited to rotameters or dry displacement meters,
are suitable provided the reading precision is 6 0.5 % or better.
3. Terminology
A flow controlling valve is attached to the inlet connection of
3.1 For definitions of general terms used in D03 Gaseous
the flow meter.
Fuels standards, refer to Terminology D4150.
6.4 Vacuum System—A vacuum manifold equipped with a
vacuum regulating device, valves, and other necessary accou-
4. Summary of Test Method
terments. An example vacuum system capable of performing
4.1 A metered sample of gas is burned in a closed system in
multiple test measurements is shown in Fig. 3. Other vacuum
an atmosphere of sulfur-free air. The oxides of sulfur produced
system configurations can be used to perform this test method.
The vacuum system shall be connected to a vacuum pump
1
capable of providing a steady gas flow of 3 L of air per minute
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D03 on Gaseous
Fuels and is the direct responsibility of D03.06.03 on Analysis by Spectroscopy.
through each absorber and capable of maintaining a constant
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally
manifold pressure of approximately 40 cm of water below
approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D1072 – 06 (2017).
atmospheric pressure.
DOI: 10.1520/D1072-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.5 Air-Purifying System—A device supplying purified air
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
to the burner manifold at a constant pressure of approximately
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 200 mm of water and to the chimney manifold at a pressure of
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1072 − 06 (Reapproved 2017) D1072 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Total Sulfur in Fuel Gases by Combustion and Barium
1
Chloride Titration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1072; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is for the determination of total sulfur in combustible fuel gases, when present in sulfur concentrations
3
between approximately 25 and 700 mg/m (1 to 30 grains per 100 cubic feet). It is applicable to natural gases, manufactured gases,
mixed gases, and other miscellaneous gaseous fuels.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4150 Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of general terms used in D03 Gaseous Fuels standards, refer to Terminology D4150.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A metered sample of gas is burned in a closed system in an atmosphere of sulfur-free air. The oxides of sulfur produced are
absorbed in sodium carbonate solution, where they are oxidized to sulfate. The sulfate in the absorbent solution is determined by
titration with standardized barium chloride solution, using tetra-hydroxy-quinone (THQ) as an indicator.
5. Interferences
5.1 There are no known interferences for the determination of total sulfur in fuel gases when combustion is followed by barium
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D03 on Gaseous Fuels and is the direct responsibility of D03.05 on Determination of Special Constituents
of Gaseous Fuels.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017June 1, 2023. Published December 2017June 2023. Originally approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 20122017 as
D1072 – 06 (2017).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D1072-06R17.10.1520/D1072-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1072 − 23
chloride titration. However, users employing barium chloride titration following collection of sulfur dioxide by alternative
procedures are cautioned that ammonia, amines, substances producing water soluble cations, and fluorides will interfere with the
titration.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Burner (Fig. 1), as specified in the Appendix X1.
6.2 Chimneys, Absorbers and Spray Traps, (Fig. 2), as specified in the Appendix X1.
6.3 Flow meter—A calibrated capillary flow meter for predetermining and indicating the rate of flow of gas to the burner. The
capillary selected should be of such size that at the required rate of flow the differential pressure is at least 20 cm of water. A scale
divided into millimeters will then provide a reading precision of 6 0.5 %. Other metering devices, including but not limited to
rotameters or dry displacement meters, are suitable provided the reading precision is 6 0.5 % or better. A flow controlling valve
is attached to the inlet connection of the flow meter.
6.4 Vacuum System—A vacuum manifold equipped with a vacuum regulating device, valves, and other necessary accouterments.
An example vacuum system capable of performing multiple test measurements is shown in Fig. 3. Other vacuum system
configurations can be used to perform this test method. The vacuum system shall be connected to a vacuum pump capable of
providing a steady gas flow of 3 L of air per minute through eac
...
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