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ASTM D5647-01

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by the Photo-Electric Apparatus

Standard Guide for Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by the Photo-Electric Apparatus

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the determination of the hairiness of most filament and spun yarn using a photo-electric sensor apparatus. It is not intended for use on novelty yarns.
1.2 This guide shows the values in SI units. "SI units" is the technically correct name for a system of metric units known as the International System of Units.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2001
ICS
59.080.20 - Yarns
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5647-95 - Standard Guide for Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by the Photo-Electric Apparatus
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D5647-07 - Standard Guide for Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by the Photo-Electric Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4849-21 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D6197-99(2017) - Standard Test Method for Classifying and Counting Faults in Spun Yarns in Electronic Tests
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001

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ASTM D5647-01 - Standard Guide for Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by the Photo-Electric ApparatusASTM D5647-01 - Standard Guide for Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by the Photo-Electric Apparatus
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ASTM D5647-01 - Standard Guide for Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by the Photo-Electric Apparatus
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5647–01
Standard Guide for
Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by the Photo-Electric
1
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5647; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.6.1 Discussion—Loopinessmayormaynotbedesirable
depending on the yarn’s end-use.
1.1 This guide covers the determination of the hairiness of
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this guide,
most filament and spun yarn using a photo-electric sensor
refer to Terminology D 123.
apparatus. It is not intended for use on novelty yarns.
1.2 This guide shows the values in SI units. “SI units” is the
4. Summary of Guide
technically correct name for a system of metric units known as
4.1 A yarn is passed through a photo-electric device con-
the International System of Units.
taining a light beam that is interrupted by the occurrence of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
protrudingfibersorfilaments.Bytheuseofadigitalvoltmeter
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
or computer interface, the number of protruding fibers or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
filamentsofaspecificlengthalongaspecifiedsurfacelengthof
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
yarn are counted and reported as hairiness.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 The photo-electric method for measuring the hairiness
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 of yarns is not recommended for acceptance testing of com-
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textile Materials
2
mercial shipments since experience has shown that results
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Testing Textiles
2 obtained from machines produced by one manufacturer cannot
D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
usually be verified by machines produced by another manu-
3. Terminology facturer.Thisguideisintendedtoincreasetheawarenessofthe
user to available techniques for measuring hairiness. In some
3.1 Definitions:
cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a
3.1.1 broken filament, n—in multifilament yarn, breaks in
commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the
one or more filaments. (See also stripback, skinback.)
best available guide though it has not been recommended for
3.1.2 frayed, adj—in textiles, a worn condition character-
acceptance testing of commercial shipments.
izedbydamagedyarnsurfaces,projectingyarnends,hairiness,
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
etc.
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
3.1.3 fuzzy, adj—characterizedbyahairyappearancedueto
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
broken fibers or filaments. (Syn., hairy.)
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
3.1.4 hair, n—natural animal fiber other than sheep’s wool
assistance.Asaminimum,testsamplesthatareashomogenous
or silk.
as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate
3.1.5 hairiness, n—of yarns, an overall condition character-
test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal
izedbyfilamentsorfibersprotrudingfromtheyarnsurfaceand
numberstoeachlaboratoryfortesting.Thetestresultsfromthe
uniformly distributed along the length of the yarn.
two laboratorie should be compared using a statistical test for
3.1.6 loopy, adj—a descriptive term for yarns having ran-
unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing
dom sized loops of fibers or filaments protruding from the yarn
series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and
surface.
corrected or future test results for that material must be
adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-13 on Textiles and 5.2 There may be a distinct difference in testing speed and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 onYarnTest Methods, General.
tension devices of machines supplied by different manufactur-
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2001. Published November 2001. Originally
ers that may give differences in reported test results.
published as D 5647–95. Last previous edition as D 5647–95.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5647
5.3 The measurement of hairiness is important to yarn 8.1.1 Calibrate and service the test apparatus as specified by
producers.Thisguideisusefulforprocesscontrolandresearch the manuf
...

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5.1 Test Method D6612 for yarn number and yarn number variability is satisfactory for acceptance of commercial shipments and is used in the trade.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative tests should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established tests values are used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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5.1 Test Method D1423 for testing twist in yarns by direct-counting is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum use the samples for such comparative tests as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material that resulted in the disparate test results and randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
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Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing

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5.2.1 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define suitable production lots based on one or more of the following: supply lot, production shift/time segment, production equipment or production line, operator, designated shipment, production run, or a combination herein.  
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1.2 This practice is applicable to single, plied, or cabled yarns, and cords, made of any fiber or mixture of fibers, and supported on any form of package, including beams.  
1.3 This practice also describes procedures for the sampling of yarn(s) removed from woven or knitted fabrics; however, when thus sampled, the yarns are usually not representative of entire shipments, as referred to in 1.1. Consequently, the resultant sampling can only be used to determine the characteristics of the yarn and is usually not used for acceptance testing. Moreover, it should be recognized that the characteristics of yarns from fabrics may be different than the characteristics of the same yarn(s), prior to being entered into the fabric manufacturing process.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical...

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ASTM
ASTM D3693-02(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Labeled Length per Holder of Sewing Thread

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for the labeled lengths per holder of sewing threads of all materials. The test specimen is a thread holder whether a cone, tube, spool, ready-made bobbin, or any other holders. The observed length for all holders such as home sewing spools, ready-made bobbins, or all other holders which depends on the sampling size shall equal or exceed a certain percentage of the minimum allowable labeled length.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for the labeled lengths of sewing threads of all materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2731-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Elastic Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) is a measure of the tensile force occurring while extending a textile material within specified limits. This characteristic of elastomeric yarn indicates the resistance that will have to be overcome by the wearer while putting on a garment made of the material and is also an indication of the garment's resistance to deformation caused by normal body movements during wear. The elongations used for these measurements are typically 100 %, 200 % and 300 %.  
5.3 Permanent Deformation (set) is a measure of the increase in length of an elastomeric yarn resulting from cyclic stretching and relaxation. The characteristic is a visible indication of the realignment of intermolecular bonds within the elastic material. As with stress decay, the amount of set increases with yarn extension; however, for any particular extension, little or no additional set takes place after...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of elastic properties of “as produced” elastomeric yarns made from rubber, spandex or other elastomers. Elastic properties include force at specified elongations, permanent deformation and stress decay. Other hysteresis related properties can be calculated.
Note 1: For a method designed specifically for testing rubber threads, refer to Test Method D2433.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to covered, wrapped, or core-spun yarns or yarns spun from elastomeric staple.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns having a range of 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier).  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. Customary units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the U.S. Customary units are in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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