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ASTM D3418-99

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Polymers By Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Polymers By Differential Scanning Calorimetry

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of transition temperatures of polymers (Note 1) by differential thermal analysis or differential scanning calorimetry.  
Note 1-First-order transition temperatures or melting points of semicrystalline polymers may also be determined or approximated by the procedures found in Test Method D 2117 and Test Methods D 789.
1.2 This test method is applicable to polymers in granular form (below 60 mesh preferred, avoiding grinding if possible) or to any fabricated shape from which appropriate samples can be cut.  
1.3 The normal operating temperature range is from the cryogenic region to 600°C. With special equipment, the temperature range can be extended.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
Note 2- To date, there is no similar or equivalent approved ISO standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-1999
ICS
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.30 - Thermal Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D3418-03 - Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures and Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Referred By
ASTM F1925-22 - Standard Specification for Semi-Crystalline Poly(lactide) Polymer and Copolymer Resins for Surgical Implants
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D6604-00(2022) - Standard Practice for Glass Transition Temperatures of Hydrocarbon Resins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D4000-23 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D4067-23 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Reinforced and Filled Poly(Phenylene Sulfide) (PPS) Injection Molding and Extrusion Materials Using ASTM Methods
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D5138-23 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Liquid Crystal Polymers Molding and Extrusion Materials (LCP)
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM F3510-21 - Standard Guide for Characterizing Fiber-Based Constructs for Tissue-Engineered Medical Products
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM F2945-18 - Standard Specification for Polyamide 11 Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM F624-09(2015)e1 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Solids and Solutions for Biomedical Applications
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM F3418-20 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Transition Temperatures of Slack Waxes used in Equine Sports Surfaces by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D3222-21 - Standard Specification for Unmodified Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) Molding Extrusion and Coating Materials
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM F2026-23 - Standard Specification for Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Polymers for Surgical Implant Applications
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D5990-20a - Standard Classification System and Basis for Polyketone Injection Molding and Extrusion Materials (PK)
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D6434-12(2018) - Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Flexible Polypropylene Geomembranes
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D3159-22 - Standard Specification for Modified ETFE Fluoropolymer Molding and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999

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ASTM D3418-99 - Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Polymers By Differential Scanning CalorimetryASTM D3418-99 - Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Polymers By Differential Scanning Calorimetry
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ASTM D3418-99 - Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Polymers By Differential Scanning Calorimetry
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3418 – 99
Standard Test Method for
Transition Temperatures of Polymers By Differential
1
Scanning Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* lization of Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
3
E 473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis
1.1 This test method covers determination of transition
E 563 Practice for Preparation and Use of Freezing Point
temperatures of polymers (Note 1) by differential scanning
4
Reference Baths
calorimetry.
E 793 Test Method for Heats of Fusion and Crystallization
NOTE 1—First-order transition temperatures or melting points of semi- 3
by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
crystalline polymers may also be determined or approximated by the
E 794 Test Method for Melting and Crystallization Tem-
procedures found in Test Methods D 789D 789.
3
perature by Thermal Analysis
NOTE 2—This test method may be used in conjunction with Test
E 967 Practice for Temperature Calibration of Differential
Methods D 3417D 3417 or E 793E 793 to simultaneously determine the
Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Analyz-
enthalpies of melting and crystallization.
3
ers
1.2 This test method is applicable to polymers in granular
E 1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Proper-
form (below 60 mesh preferred, avoiding grinding if possible)
3
ties
or to any fabricated shape from which appropriate specimens
E 1356 Test Method for Glass Transition Temperatures by
can be cut.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry or Differential Thermal
1.3 The normal operating temperature range is from the
3
Analysis
cryogenic region to 600°C. With special equipment, the tem-
E 1953 Practice for Description of ThermalAnalysisAppa-
perature range can be extended.
3
ratus
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5
2.2 ISO Standards:
standard.
11357-1 Plastics—Differential Scanning Calorimetry
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(DSC)—Part 1: General Principles
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
11357-2 Plastics—Differential Scanning Calorimetry
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(DSC)—Part 2: Determination of Glass Transition Tem-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
perature
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
NOTE 3—ThisstandardissimilarbutnotequivalenttoISO11357-1and
ISO 11357-2. The ISO procedures provide additional information not
3.1 Specialized terms used in this test method are defined in
supplied by this test method.
Terminologies E 473E 473 and E 1142E 1142.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 This test method consists of heating or cooling the test
D 789 Test Methods for Determination of Relative Viscos-
material at a controlled rate in a specified purge gas at a
ity, Melting Point, and Moisture Content of Polyamide
controlled flow rate and continuously monitoring with a
2
(PA)
suitable sensing device the difference in temperature or the
D 3417 Test Method for Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystal-
difference in heat input between a reference material and a test
material due to energy changes in the material. A transition is
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD-20onPlastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties
3
(Section D20.30.07). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
4
Current edition approved April 10, 1999. Published July 1999. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
5
published as D 3418 – 75. Last previous edition D 3418 – 97. Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D3418–99
marked by absorption or release of energy by the specimen 7.1.1.2 Temperature Sensor, to provide an indication of the
resulting in a corresponding endothermic or exothermic peak specimen temperature to 610 mK (0.01°C).
or baseline shift in the heating or cooling curve.
...

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1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms used in the plastics industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
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Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-Point Bending)

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5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositions using very small amounts of material. The data obtained is used for quality control, research and development as well as the establishment of optimum processing conditions.  
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1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the visco-elastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The data generated, using three-point bending techniques, is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastic material or compositions using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.  
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastics materials using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus; loss (viscous) modulus; complex modulus and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of polymeric material systems.  
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.  
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method is equivalent to ISO 6721, Part 5.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established ...

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ASTM
ASTM D695-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.  
4.2 Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases.  
4.3 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.  
4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M or D6641/D6641M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
Note 2: This standard is equivalent to ISO 604.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1929-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.  
4.2 This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response test method2 covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 871-2022 (Option 1) are similar in all technical details.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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