ASTM F2282-03(2009)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Quality Assurance Requirements for Carbon and Alloy Steel Wire, Rods, and Bars for Mechanical Fasteners
Standard Specification for Quality Assurance Requirements for Carbon and Alloy Steel Wire, Rods, and Bars for Mechanical Fasteners
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars for mechanical fasteners. Manufacturing of materials shall conform to the melting, casting, deoxidation, grain size, hardenability, and thermal treatment practices of this specification. Chemical requirements shall conform to the specified limits of chemical composition for carbon steel. Requirements of metallurgical structure shall include course austenitic grain size, fine autenitic grain size, and speheroidized annealed material. The material shall be tested for decarburization, maximum tensile strength, reduction area, hardenability, grain size, calibration, dimensions, and tolerances. Surface condition, coating, workmanship, finish, appearance, and packaging shall also conform to the requirements of this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for the physical, mechanical, and metallurgical requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars in coils intended for the manufacture of mechanical fasteners which includes: bolts, nuts, rivets, screws, washers, and special parts manufactured cold.
Note 1—The Steel Industry uses the term “quality” to designate characteristics of a material which make it particularly well suited to a specific fabrication and/or application and does not imply “quality” in the usual sense.
1.2 Wire size range includes 0.062 to 1.375 in.
1.3 Rod size range usually includes 7/32 in. (0.219) to 47/64 in. (0.734) and generally offered in 1/64 increments (0.0156).
1.4 Bar size range includes 3/8 in. (0.375) to 1½ in. (1.500).
1.5 Sizes for wire, rod and bar outside the ranges of paragraphs 1.2-1.4 may be ordered by agreement between purchaser and supplier.
1.6 Material is furnished in many application variations. The purchaser should advise the supplier regarding the manufacturing process and finished product application as appropriate. Five application variations are: Cold Heading Recessed Head Socket Head Scrapless Nut Tubular Rivet
1.6.1 Wire is furnished for all five application variations.
1.6.2 Rod and bar are furnished to the single application variation; Cold Heading.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: F2282 – 03 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Specification for
Quality Assurance Requirements for Carbon and Alloy Steel
Wire, Rods, and Bars for Mechanical Fasteners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
1.1 This specification establishes quality assurance require-
of Steel Products
ments for the physical, mechanical, and metallurgical require-
A700 PracticesforPackaging,Marking,andLoadingMeth-
ments for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars in coils
ods for Steel Products for Shipment
intended for the manufacture of mechanical fasteners which
A751 Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology for Chemi-
includes: bolts, nuts, rivets, screws, washers, and special parts
cal Analysis of Steel Products
manufactured cold.
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
NOTE 1—The Steel Industry uses the term “quality” to designate
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
characteristics of a material which make it particularly well suited to a
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
specific fabrication and/or application and does not imply “quality” in the
Determine Conformance with Specifications
usual sense.
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
1.2 Wire size range includes 0.062 to 1.375 in.
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
7 47
1.3 Rodsizerangeusuallyincludes ⁄32in.(0.219)to ⁄64in.
Blooms, and Forgings
(0.734) and generally offered in ⁄64 increments (0.0156).
E407 Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys
3 1
1.4 Bar size range includes ⁄8 in. (0.375) to 1 ⁄2 in. (1.500).
E1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarbur-
1.5 Sizes for wire, rod and bar outside the ranges of
ization of Steel Specimens
paragraphs 1.2-1.4 may be ordered by agreement between
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-
purchaser and supplier.
chanical Properties and Performance Inspection
1.6 Material is furnished in many application variations.
F1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
The purchaser should advise the supplier regarding the manu-
2.2 AIAG Standard:
facturing process and finished product application as appropri- 3
B-5 Primary Metals Tag Application Standard
ate. Five application variations are:
2.3 IFI Standard:
Cold Heading
IFI-140 Carbon and Alloy Steel Wire, Rods, and Bars for
Recessed Head
Mechanical Fasteners
Socket Head
Scrapless Nut
2.4 SAE Standards:
Tubular Rivet 5
J403 Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels
1.6.1 Wire is furnished for all five application variations. J404 Chemical Compositions of SAE Alloy Steels
J406 Methods of Determining Hardenability of Steels
1.6.2 Rod and bar are furnished to the single application
variation; Cold Heading. J415 Definitions of Heat Treating Terms
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 annealing—a process of heating to and holding steel
A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,
at a given temperature for a given time and then cooling at a
given rate, used to soften or produce changes, or both, in the
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
microstructure of the steel to enhance formability and reduce
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.93 on Quality
tensile strength.
Assurance Provisions for Fasteners.
Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originally
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F2282 – 03. DOI:
10.1520/F2282-03R09. Available fromAutomotive IndustryAction Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http://www.aiag.org.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from IFI, 1717 E. 9th St., Suite 1105, Cleveland, OH 44114-2879.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
the ASTM website. Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2282 – 03 (2009)
TABLE 2 Rod Size Tolerances
3.1.2 bars—produced from hot rolled or cast billets or
blooms rolled single strand into coils. Bars have a greater Diameter, Diameter 6 Out of Round
in. Tolerance, in. max, in.
precisionincrosssectionthanrods.SizetolerancesareinTable
7 47
⁄32 to ⁄64 0.012 0.018
1. Bars are finished as-rolled, annealed or spheroidize an-
(0.219 to 0.734)
nealed, and in sizes included in 1.4.
3.1.3 lap—a longitudinal surface discontinuity extending
into rod, bar, or wire caused by doubling over of metal during TABLE 3 Wire Size Tolerances and Out of Round
hot rolling.
Diameter, Diameter 6 Out of Round
in. Tolerance, in. max, in.
3.1.4 lot—a quantity of raw material of one size and heat
number submitted for testing at one time. < 0.076 0.0010 0.0010
0.076 < 0.500 0.0015 0.0015
3.1.5 rods—produced from hot rolled or cast billets, usually
$ 0.500 0.0020 0.0020
rolled in a multiple strand mill to a round cross section then
coiled into one continuous length to size tolerances shown in
Table 2. Rods are furnished as-rolled, annealed, or spheroidize Thermal treatment may also be employed when controlled
annealed in sizes found in 1.3.
mechanical properties are required for a specific application.
3.1.6 seam—a longitudinal discontinuity extending radially
3.2 Heat treating terms not defined in this standard are
into wire, rod, or bar. Seams in raw material used for the included in Terminology F1789 or SAE J415.
manufacture of fasteners or formed parts may lead to the
4. Ordering Information
formation of bursts.
4.1 Wire orders shall state the following:
3.1.7 spheroidizing—a form of annealing, involves pro-
4.1.1 Quantity,
longed heating at temperatures near the lower critical tempera-
4.1.2 Specification number and issue date,
ture, followed by slow cooling, with the object of forming
4.1.3 Diameter,
spheroidal metallic carbides that allow a higher degree of
4.1.4 Steel grade,
formability.
4.1.5 Deoxidation practice and grain size or refinement
3.1.8 void—ashallowpocketorhollowonthesurfaceofthe
practice (coarse or fine); see 5.3.1-5.3.5,
material.
4.1.6 Application variation per 1.6,
3.1.9 wire—produced from hot rolled or annealed rods or
4.1.7 Thermal treatment; see 5.5,
bars by cold drawing for the purpose of obtaining desired size,
4.1.8 Surface coating,
dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and mechanical proper-
4.1.9 Coil weight and dimensions as required,
ties.Wireisfurnishedinthefollowingconditions:directdrawn
4.1.10 Packaging,
(DD); drawn from annealed rod or bar (DFAR or DFAB);
4.1.11 Tagging,
drawn from spheroidized annealed rod or bar (DFSR or
4.1.12 Mill certification as required,
DFSB); drawn to size and spheroidized (SAFS); drawn,
4.1.13 Special requirements, for example, steel making
annealed in process, and finally lightly drawn to size (AIP);
method and practice, specific hardenability, special shipping
and drawn, spheroidize annealed in process, and finally lightly
instructions, single heat, etc., and
drawn to size (SAIP). Wire size tolerances are shown in Table
4.1.14 Example—40 000 lb, ASTM F2282, 0.250 in., car-
3. Sizes include those specified in 1.2.
bonsteelwire,IFI-1022A,siliconkilledcoarsegrain,Recessed
3.1.9.1 Discussion—Spheroidize annealed-at-finish size
Head, spheroidize annealed-in-process, phosphate and lube,
wire (SAFS) is wire that has been spheroidize annealed after
1500 lb coils, 28 in. coil i.d., on 18 in. tubular carriers, three
final cold reduction. One or more annealing treatments may
bands per carrier, one metal tag per coil, mill certification, do
precede the final cold reduction.
not ship Fridays.
3.1.9.2 Discussion—Annealed-in-Process (AIP) or Sphe-
4.2 Rod orders shall state the following:
roidizeAnnealed-in-Process (SAIP) wire is produced as drawn
4.2.1 Quantity,
carbon or alloy steel wire. In producing AIP and SAIP wire,
4.2.2 Specification number and issue date,
rods or bars are drawn to wire and thermal treatment (followed
4.2.3 Diameter,
by a separate cleaning and coating operation) is done prior to
4.2.4 Steel grade,
final drawing to produce a softer and more ductile wire for
4.2.5 Deoxidation practice and grain size or refinement
applications in which direct drawn wire would be too hard.
practice (coarse or fine),
4.2.6 Cold Heading,
TABLE 1 Bar Size Tolerances
4.2.7 Thermal treatment,
Fractional Diameter 6 Out of Round
4.2.8 Surface coating,
Diameter, in. Tolerance, in. max, in.
4.2.9 Coil weight and dimensions as required,
7 5
⁄16 to ⁄8 0.006 0.009
4.2.10 Packaging,
5 7
> ⁄8 to ⁄8 0.007 0.011
4.2.11 Tagging,
> ⁄8 to 1 0.008 0.012
>1 to 1 ⁄8 0.009 0.014 4.2.12 Mill certifications as required,
1 1
>1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄4 0.010 0.015
4.2.13 Special requirements, for example, descaling prac-
1 3
>1 ⁄4 to 1 ⁄8 0.011 0.017
tice, steelmaking method and practice, specific hardenability,
3 1
>1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄2 0.013 0.020
special shipping instructions, etc., and
F2282 – 03 (2009)
4.2.14 Example—200 000lb,ASTMF2282, ⁄64in.,carbon practices included in 5.3.1-5.3.5, as specified by the purchaser.
steel rod, IFI-1022B, silicon killed fine grain, Cold Heading, When not specified, the practice shall be at the option of the
spheroidize annealed, pickled and limed, 3000 lb coils, 48 in. manufacturer.
coil i.d., compacted and unitized in packages of two, banded 5.3.1 Silicon killed fine grain shall be produced with alu-
with three steel straps per coil, two metal tags per coil attached minum for grain refinement.The material purchaser’s approval
to lead end on inside of bundle, put separators between coils. shall be obtained for the use of vanadium or columbium for
4.3 Bar orders shall state the following: grain refinement.
4.3.1 Quantity, 5.3.2 Silicon killed coarse grain practice.
4.3.2 Specification number and issue date, 5.3.3 Silicon killed fine grain practice.
4.3.3 Diameter, 5.3.4 Aluminum killed fine grain practice.
4.3.4 Steel grade, 5.3.5 Rimmed (grain size not specified).
4.3.5 Deoxidation practice and grain size or refinement 5.4 Hardenability:
practice (coarse or fine), 5.4.1 Hardenability for steels with a specified minimum
4.3.6 Cold Heading, carbon content of 0. 20 % or greater shall be determined for
4.3.7 Thermal treatment, each heat and the results furnished to the purchaser when
4.3.8 Surface coating, requested on the purchase order. SAE J406, Appendix A shall
4.3.9 Coil weight and dimensions as required, be used for referee purposes in the event of dispute.
4.3.10 Packaging, 5.5 Thermal Treatments:
4.3.11 Tagging, 5.5.1 The purchaser shall specify one of the following
4.3.12 Mill certification as required, options for thermal treatment on the purchase order:
4.3.13 Special requirements, for example, steelmaking 5.5.1.1 No thermal treatment.
method and practice, specific hardenability, special shipping 5.5.1.2 Annealed.
instructions, single heat, etc., and 5.5.1.3 Spheroidized.
4.3.14 Example—90 000 lb, ASTM F2282, 0. 610 in., 5.5.1.4 Drawn from annealed rod or bar.
carbon steel bars, IFI-1038, silicon killed coarse grain, sphe- 5.5.1.5 Drawn from spheroidize annealed rod or bar.
roidize annealed, Cold Heading, phosphate and lime, 5400 lb 5.5.1.6 Spheroidized at finished size wire.
coils, 54 in. coil i.d., three bands per coil, one metal tag per 5.5.1.7 Annealed-in-process wire.
coil, lead end of each coil paint red. 5.5.1.8 Spheroidized annealed-in-process wire.
5. Manufacture 6. Chemical Requirements
5.1 Melting Practice—The steel shall be melted in a basic 6.1 The material shall have a chemical composition con-
forming to the requirements specified in Tables 4-8 for the
oxygen or electric furnace process.
5.2 Casting Practice—Steel shall be ingot cast, or continu- applicable IFI grade specified by the material purchaser.
ouscastwithcontrolledprocedurestomeettherequirementsof
NOTE 2—The chemical compositions have been developed in a joint
this specification.
producer/user effort and are particularly appropriate to the cold forging
5.3 Deoxidation Practice and Grain Size—The material
industry process. The chemical composition ranges of these IFI grades
shall be furnished in one of the deoxidation and grain size may not be identical to those of SAE J403, SAE J404, or AISI.
TABLE 4 Carbon Steels, Chemical Ranges and Limits, %
Carbon Manganese
Conditions IFI Steel Grade Phosphorous Sulfur
Silicon
Furnished Designation Max Max
Min Max Min Max
R, AlK IFI-1006 . . . 0.08 0.25 0.40 0.020 0.020 See Table 6
R, AlK, SiFg, SiCg IFI-1008 . . . 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.020 0.020 See Table 6
R, AlK, SiFg, SiCg IFI-1010 0.08 0.13 0.30 0.60 0.020 0.020 See Table 6
AlK, SiFg, SiCg IFI-1018 0.15 0.19 0.65 0.85 0.020 0.020 See Table 6
AlK, SiFg IFI-10B21 0.19 0.23 0.80 1.10 0.020 0.020 See Table 6
AlK, SiFg, SiCg IFI-1022/A 0.18 0.21 0.80 1.00 0.020 0.020 See Table 6
AlK, SiFg, SiCg IFI-1022/B 0.20 0.23 0.90 1.10 0.020 0.020 See Table 6
AlK IFI-1033 0.31 0.36 0.70 0.90 0.020 0.020 See Table 6
AlK, SiFg, SiCg IFI-1035 0.33 0.38 0.70 0.90 0.020 0.020 See Table 6
AlK, SiFg, SiCg IFI-1038 0.35 0.42 0.70 0.90 0.020 0.020 See Table 6
SiFg IFI-10B38 0.35 0.42 0.70 1.00 0.020 0.020 See Table 6
SiFg IFI-1541/A 0.36 0.41 1.35 1.60 0.020 0.020 See Table 6
SiFg, SiCg, CgP IFI-1541/B 0.38 0.43 1.35 1.60 0.020 0.020 See Table 6
NOTE—Carbon steels which have added boron use a B designation between the first and last two digits of the grade designation. A boron steel has a
minimum boron content of 0.0008 % and a maximum of 0.003 % together with a minimum titanium content of 0.01 %.
AlK = Aluminum killed
R = Rimmed
SiFg = Silicon killed fine grain
SiCg = Silicon killed coarse grain
CgP = Coarse grain practice
F2282 – 03 (2009)
TABLE 5 Permissible Variations from Specified Chemical
6.4.2 Rimmed or capped steels are characterized by a lack
Ranges, and Limits for Carbon Steel, %
of uniformity in their chemical composition, especially for the
Limit or Max of Variation % Over Max Limit
elements carbon, phosphorus, and sulfur, and for this reason
Element
Specified Range, % or Under Min Limit
product analysis is not technologically appropriate unless
Carbon To 0.25
...
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