F16.93 - Quality Assurance Provisions for Fasteners

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Sampling shall be selected in a random manner, ensuring that any unit in the lot has an equal chance of being chosen. Sampling should not be localized by selections being taken from the top of a container or from only one container of multi-container lots.  
4.2 The purchaser should be aware of the supplier's quality assurance system. This can be accomplished by auditing the supplier's quality system, if qualified auditors are available, or by third-party assessment certification, such as provided by IATF 16949, or ISO 9001.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides sampling methods for determining how many fasteners to include in a random sample in order to determine the acceptability or disposition of a given lot of fasteners.  
1.2 This practice is for mechanical properties, physical properties, performance properties, coating requirements, and other quality requirements specified in the standards of ASTM Committee F16. Dimensional and thread criteria sampling plans are the responsibility of ASME Committee B18.  
1.3 This practice provides for two sampling plans: one designated the “detection process,” as described in Terminology F1789, and one designated the “prevention process,” as described in Terminology F1789.  
1.4 This practice is intended to be used as either a Final Inspection Plan for manufacturers, or as a Receiving Inspection Plan for purchasers/users. It is not valid for third-party qualification testing.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars for mechanical fasteners. Manufacturing of materials shall conform to the melting, casting, deoxidation, grain size, hardenability, and thermal treatment practices of this specification. Chemical requirements shall conform to the specified limits of chemical composition for carbon steel. Requirements of metallurgical structure shall include course austenitic grain size, fine autenitic grain size, and speheroidized annealed material. The material shall be tested for decarburization, maximum tensile strength, reduction area, hardenability, grain size, calibration, dimensions, and tolerances. Surface condition, coating, workmanship, finish, appearance, and packaging shall also conform to the requirements of this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for the physical, mechanical, and metallurgical requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars in coils intended for the manufacture of mechanical fasteners which includes: bolts, nuts, rivets, screws, washers, and special parts manufactured cold.
Note 1: The Steel Industry uses the term “quality” to designate characteristics of a material which make it particularly well suited to a specific fabrication and/or application and does not imply “quality” in the usual sense.  
1.2 Wire size range includes 0.062 to 1.375 in.  
1.3 Rod size range usually includes 7/32 in. (0.219) to 47/64 in. (0.734) and generally offered in 1/64 increments (0.0156).  
1.4 Bar size range includes 3/8 in. (0.375) to 11/2 in. (1.500).  
1.5 Sizes for wire, rod and bar outside the ranges of paragraphs 1.2 – 1.4 may be ordered by agreement between purchaser and supplier.  
1.6 Material is furnished in many application variations. The purchaser should advise the supplier regarding the manufacturing process and finished product application as appropriate. Five application variations are:    
Cold Heading  
Recessed Head  
Socket Head  
Scrapless Nut  
Tubular Rivet  
1.6.1 Wire is furnished for all five application variations.  
1.6.2 Rod and bar are furnished to the single application variation; Cold Heading.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities such as cracks that may occur during the manufacture and processing of metric-series nuts and inch-series nuts. The different types of surface discontinuities and allowable limits are presented in details. The nuts shall be inspected for surface discontinuities to meet the requirements prescribed. Cone proof load test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of metric-series nuts with nominal diameters 5 mm and larger and inch-series nuts with nominal diameters 1/4 in. and larger.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.3 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on nuts, the purchaser shall specify conformance to this ASTM specification in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.3.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on nuts be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.4 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric nuts, with nominal diameters 5 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO/DIS 6157/II. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on metric-series nuts with nominal diameters larger than 24 mm or on any inch-series nuts.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs, including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems. Types of surface discontinuities are: crack; burst; seam; fold; thread lap; void; tool marks; and gouge and nick. These surface discontinuities shall be inspected in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, studs, and rivets including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems (the washers of screw-washer assemblies are excluded). This specification covers metric series products with nominal diameters of 4 mm and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 420 MPa and higher; and inch series products with nominal diameters of No. 5 (0.1250 in.) and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 60 000 psi and higher.  
1.2 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, studs, or rivets, the purchaser shall specify conformance to ASTM Specification F788/F788M, in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.2.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, studs, and rivets be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.3 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric bolts, screws, and studs with nominal diameters from 4 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO 6157/I. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on any inch-series products, or for rivets.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method establishes a means to verify the prevention, to the extent possible, of IHE in steel fasteners during manufacture by maintaining strict controls during production operations such as surface preparation, pretreatments, and plating or coating. It is intended to be used as a qualification test for new or revised plating or coating processes and as a periodic inspection audit for the control of a plating or coating process.  
5.2 Passing this test allows fasteners to be stressed in tension to the minimum specified tensile load in air with almost no possibility of time delayed fracture in air as a result of IHE from processing. If the amount of residual hydrogen is not sufficient to induce cracking or fracture in the specimen under worst case conditions, then it can be concluded that all of the lots of fasteners processed during that period will not have sufficient residual hydrogen from processing to induce hydrogen embrittlement of the fasteners under stress in air if the process remains in control, unchanged and stable.  
5.3 If certified specimens with demonstrated sensitivity to IHE, processed with the fasteners, have a threshold ≥75 % of the incremental step load notched bend fracture stress, NFS(B)F1624, it is assumed that all fasteners processed the same way during the period will also pass any sustained load IHE test.
FIG. 1 Dimensional Requirements for a 0.4W-Notched Square Bar Bend Specimen
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to prevent, to the extent possible, internal hydrogen embrittlement (IHE) of fasteners by monitoring the plating or coating process, such as those described in Specifications F1137 and F1941. The process is quantitatively monitored on a periodic basis with a minimum number of specimens as compared to qualifying each lot of fasteners being plated or coated. Trend analysis is used to ensure quality as compared to statistical sampling analysis of each lot of fasteners. This test method consists of a mechanical test for the evaluation and control of the potential for IHE that may arise from various sources of hydrogen in a plating or coating process.  
1.2 This test method consists of a mechanical test, conducted on a standard specimen used as a witness, for the evaluation and control of the potential for IHE that may arise from various sources of hydrogen in a plating or coating process.  
1.3 This test method is limited to evaluating hydrogen induced embrittlement due only to processing (IHE) and not due to environmental exposure (EHE, see Test Method F1624).  
1.4 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of steels to either IHE or EHE.  
1.5 This test method is limited to evaluating processes used for plating or coating ferrous fasteners.  
1.6 This test method uses a notched square bar specimen that conforms to Test Method F519, Type 1e, except that the radius is increased to accommodate the deposition of a larger range of platings and coatings. For the background on Test Method F519 testing, see publications ASTM STP 5432 and ASTM STP 962.3 The stress concentration factor is at a Kt = 3.1 ± 0.2. The sensitivity is demonstrated with a constant imposed cathodic potential to control the amount of hydrogen. Both the sensitivity and the baseline for residual hydrogen will be established with tests on bare metal specimens in air.  
1.7 The sensitivity of each lot of specimens to IHE shall be demonstrated. A specimen made of AISI E4340 steel heat treated to a hardness range of 50 to 52 HRC is used to produce a “worst case” condition and maximize sensitivity to IHE.  
1.8 The test is an accelerated (≤24 h) test method to measure the threshold for hydrogen stress cracking, and is used to quantify the amount of residual hydrogen in the specimen. The specimen undergoes sustained load and slow strain rate testing by using incremental loads and hold times under displacement control to measure a threshol...

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities such as cracks that may occur during the manufacture and processing of metric-series nuts and inch-series nuts. The different types of surface discontinuities and allowable limits are presented in details. The nuts shall be inspected for surface discontinuities to meet the requirements prescribed. Cone proof load test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of metric-series nuts with nominal diameters 5 mm and larger and inch-series nuts with nominal diameters 1/4 in. and larger.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.3 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on nuts, the purchaser shall specify conformance to this ASTM specification in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.3.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on nuts be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.4 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric nuts, with nominal diameters 5 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO/DIS 6157/II. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on metric-series nuts with nominal diameters larger than 24 mm or on any inch-series nuts.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs, including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems. Types of surface discontinuities are: crack; burst; seam; fold; thread lap; void; tool marks; and gouge and nick. These surface discontinuities shall be inspected in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, studs, and rivets including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems (the washers of screw-washer assemblies are excluded). This specification covers metric series products with nominal diameters of 4 mm and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 420 MPa and higher; and inch series products with nominal diameters of No. 5 (0.1250 in.) and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 60 000 psi and higher.  
1.2 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, studs, or rivets, the purchaser shall specify conformance to ASTM Specification F788, in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.2.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, studs, and rivets be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.3 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric bolts, screws, and studs with nominal diameters from 4 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO 6157/I. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on any inch-series products, or for rivets.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Sampling shall be selected in a random manner, ensuring that any unit in the lot has an equal chance of being chosen. Sampling should not be localized by selections being taken from the top of a container or from only one container of multi-container lots.  
4.2 The purchaser should be aware of the supplier's quality assurance system. This can be accomplished by auditing the supplier's quality system, if qualified auditors are available, or by third-party assessment certification, such as provided by ISO/TS 16949, or ISO 9001.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides sampling methods for determining how many fasteners to include in a random sample in order to determine the acceptability or disposition of a given lot of fasteners.  
1.2 This practice is for mechanical properties, physical properties, performance properties, coating requirements, and other quality requirements specified in the standards of ASTM Committee F16. Dimensional and thread criteria sampling plans are the responsibility of ASME Committees B18.1 and B18.18.2M-B18.18.6M.  
1.3 This practice provides for two sampling plans: one designated the “detection process,” as described in Terminology F1789, and one designated the “prevention process,” as described in Terminology F1789.  
1.4 This practice is intended to be used as either a Final Inspection Plan for manufacturers, or as a Receiving Inspection Plan for purchasers/users. It is not valid for third-party qualification testing.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs, including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems. Types of surface discontinuities are: crack; burst; seam; fold; thread lap; void; tool marks; and gouge and nick. These surface discontinuities shall be inspected in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs, including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems (the washers of screw-washer assemblies are excluded). This specification covers metric series products with nominal diameters of 4 mm and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 420 MPa and higher; and inch series products with nominal diameters of No. 5 (0.1250 in.) and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 60 000 psi and higher.  
1.2 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, or studs, the purchaser shall specify conformance to ASTM Specification F788, in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.2.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, and studs be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.3 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric bolts, screws, and studs with nominal diameters from 4 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO 6157/I. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on any inch-series products.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars for mechanical fasteners. Manufacturing of materials shall conform to the melting, casting, deoxidation, grain size, hardenability, and thermal treatment practices of this specification. Chemical requirements shall conform to the specified limits of chemical composition for carbon steel. Requirements of metallurgical structure shall include course austenitic grain size, fine autenitic grain size, and speheroidized annealed material. The material shall be tested for decarburization, maximum tensile strength, reduction area, hardenability, grain size, calibration, dimensions, and tolerances. Surface condition, coating, workmanship, finish, appearance, and packaging shall also conform to the requirements of this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for the physical, mechanical, and metallurgical requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars in coils intended for the manufacture of mechanical fasteners which includes: bolts, nuts, rivets, screws, washers, and special parts manufactured cold.
Note 1: The Steel Industry uses the term “quality” to designate characteristics of a material which make it particularly well suited to a specific fabrication and/or application and does not imply “quality” in the usual sense.  
1.2 Wire size range includes 0.062 to 1.375 in.  
1.3 Rod size range usually includes 7/32 in. (0.219) to 47/64 in. (0.734) and generally offered in 1/64 increments (0.0156).  
1.4 Bar size range includes 3/8 in. (0.375) to 11/2 in. (1.500).  
1.5 Sizes for wire, rod and bar outside the ranges of paragraphs 1.2 – 1.4 may be ordered by agreement between purchaser and supplier.  
1.6 Material is furnished in many application variations. The purchaser should advise the supplier regarding the manufacturing process and finished product application as appropriate. Five application variations are:    
Cold Heading  
Recessed Head  
Socket Head  
Scrapless Nut  
Tubular Rivet  
1.6.1 Wire is furnished for all five application variations.  
1.6.2 Rod and bar are furnished to the single application variation; Cold Heading.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Sampling shall be selected in a random manner, ensuring that any unit in the lot has an equal chance of being chosen. Sampling should not be localized by selections being taken from the top of a container or from only one container of multicontainer lots.  
4.2 The purchaser should be aware of the supplier's quality assurance system. This can be accomplished by auditing the supplier's quality system, if qualified auditors are available, or by third-party assessment certification, such as provided by ISO/TS 16949, or ISO 9001.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides sampling methods for determining how many fasteners to include in a random sample in order to determine the acceptability or disposition of a given lot of fasteners.  
1.2 This practice is for mechanical properties, physical properties, performance properties, coating requirements, and other quality requirements specified in the standards of ASTM Committee F16. Dimensional and thread criteria sampling plans are the responsibility of ASME Committees B18.1 and B18.18.2M-B18.18.6M.  
1.3 This practice provides for two sampling plans: one designated the “detection process,” as described in Terminology F1789, and one designated the “prevention process,” as described in Terminology F1789.  
1.4 This practice is intended to be used as either a Final Inspection Plan for manufacturers, or as a Receiving Inspection Plan for purchasers/users. It is not valid for third-party qualification testing.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities such as cracks that may occur during the manufacture and processing of metric-series nuts and inch-series nuts. The different types of surface discontinuities and allowable limits are presented in details. The nuts shall be inspected for surface discontinuities to meet the requirements prescribed. Cone proof load test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of metric-series nuts with nominal diameters 5 mm and larger and inch-series nuts with nominal diameters 1/4 in. and larger.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.3 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on nuts, the purchaser shall specify conformance to this ASTM specification in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.3.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on nuts be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.4 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric nuts, with nominal diameters 5 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO/DIS 6157/II. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on metric-series nuts with nominal diameters larger than 24 mm or on any inch-series nuts.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars for mechanical fasteners. Manufacturing of materials shall conform to the melting, casting, deoxidation, grain size, hardenability, and thermal treatment practices of this specification. Chemical requirements shall conform to the specified limits of chemical composition for carbon steel. Requirements of metallurgical structure shall include course austenitic grain size, fine autenitic grain size, and speheroidized annealed material. The material shall be tested for decarburization, maximum tensile strength, reduction area, hardenability, grain size, calibration, dimensions, and tolerances. Surface condition, coating, workmanship, finish, appearance, and packaging shall also conform to the requirements of this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for the physical, mechanical, and metallurgical requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars in coils intended for the manufacture of mechanical fasteners which includes: bolts, nuts, rivets, screws, washers, and special parts manufactured cold.
Note 1: The Steel Industry uses the term “quality” to designate characteristics of a material which make it particularly well suited to a specific fabrication and/or application and does not imply “quality” in the usual sense.  
1.2 Wire size range includes 0.062 to 1.375 in.  
1.3 Rod size range usually includes 7/32 in. (0.219) to 47/64 in. (0.734) and generally offered in 1/64 increments (0.0156).  
1.4 Bar size range includes 3/8 in. (0.375) to 11/2 in. (1.500).  
1.5 Sizes for wire, rod and bar outside the ranges of paragraphs 1.2 – 1.4 may be ordered by agreement between purchaser and supplier.  
1.6 Material is furnished in many application variations. The purchaser should advise the supplier regarding the manufacturing process and finished product application as appropriate. Five application variations are:    
Cold Heading  
Recessed Head  
Socket Head  
Scrapless Nut  
Tubular Rivet  
1.6.1 Wire is furnished for all five application variations.  
1.6.2 Rod and bar are furnished to the single application variation; Cold Heading.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars for mechanical fasteners. Manufacturing of materials shall conform to the melting, casting, deoxidation, grain size, hardenability, and thermal treatment practices of this specification. Chemical requirements shall conform to the specified limits of chemical composition for carbon steel. Requirements of metallurgical structure shall include course austenitic grain size, fine autenitic grain size, and speheroidized annealed material. The material shall be tested for decarburization, maximum tensile strength, reduction area, hardenability, grain size, calibration, dimensions, and tolerances. Surface condition, coating, workmanship, finish, appearance, and packaging shall also conform to the requirements of this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for the physical, mechanical, and metallurgical requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars in coils intended for the manufacture of mechanical fasteners which includes: bolts, nuts, rivets, screws, washers, and special parts manufactured cold.
Note 1: The Steel Industry uses the term “quality” to designate characteristics of a material which make it particularly well suited to a specific fabrication and/or application and does not imply “quality” in the usual sense.  
1.2 Wire size range includes 0.062 to 1.375 in.  
1.3 Rod size range usually includes 7/32 in. (0.219) to 47/64 in. (0.734) and generally offered in 1/64 increments (0.0156).  
1.4 Bar size range includes 3/8 in. (0.375) to 11/2 in. (1.500).  
1.5 Sizes for wire, rod and bar outside the ranges of paragraphs 1.2 – 1.4 may be ordered by agreement between purchaser and supplier.  
1.6 Material is furnished in many application variations. The purchaser should advise the supplier regarding the manufacturing process and finished product application as appropriate. Five application variations are:    
Cold Heading  
Recessed Head  
Socket Head  
Scrapless Nut  
Tubular Rivet  
1.6.1 Wire is furnished for all five application variations.  
1.6.2 Rod and bar are furnished to the single application variation; Cold Heading.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method establishes a means to verify the prevention, to the extent possible, of IHE in steel fasteners during manufacture by maintaining strict controls during production operations such as surface preparation, pretreatments, and plating or coating. It is intended to be used as a qualification test for new or revised plating or coating processes and as a periodic inspection audit for the control of a plating or coating process.  
5.2 Passing this test allows fasteners to be stressed in tension to the minimum specified tensile load in air with almost no possibility of time delayed fracture in air as a result of IHE from processing. If the amount of residual hydrogen is not sufficient to induce cracking or fracture in the specimen under worst case conditions, then it can be concluded that all of the lots of fasteners processed during that period will not have sufficient residual hydrogen from processing to induce hydrogen embrittlement of the fasteners under stress in air if the process remains in control, unchanged and stable.  
5.3 If certified specimens with demonstrated sensitivity to IHE, processed with the fasteners, have a threshold ≥75 % of the incremental step load notched bend fracture stress, NFS(B)F1624, it is assumed that all fasteners processed the same way during the period will also pass any sustained load IHE test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to prevent, to the extent possible, internal hydrogen embrittlement (IHE) of fasteners by monitoring the plating or coating process, such as those described in Specifications F1137 and F1941. The process is quantitatively monitored on a periodic basis with a minimum number of specimens as compared to qualifying each lot of fasteners being plated or coated. Trend analysis is used to ensure quality as compared to statistical sampling analysis of each lot of fasteners. This test method consists of a mechanical test for the evaluation and control of the potential for IHE that may arise from various sources of hydrogen in a plating or coating process.  
1.2 This test method consists of a mechanical test, conducted on a standard specimen used as a witness, for the evaluation and control of the potential for IHE that may arise from various sources of hydrogen in a plating or coating process.  
1.3 This test method is limited to evaluating hydrogen induced embrittlement due only to processing (IHE) and not due to environmental exposure (EHE, see Test Method F1624).  
1.4 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of steels to either IHE or EHE.  
1.5 This test method is limited to evaluating processes used for plating or coating ferrous fasteners.  
1.6 This test method uses a notched square bar specimen that conforms to Test Method F519, Type 1e, except that the radius is increased to accommodate the deposition of a larger range of platings and coatings. For the background on Test Method F519 testing, see publications ASTM STP 5432 and ASTM STP 962.3 The stress concentration factor is at a Kt = 3.1 ± 0.2. The sensitivity is demonstrated with a constant imposed cathodic potential to control the amount of hydrogen. Both the sensitivity and the baseline for residual hydrogen will be established with tests on bare metal specimens in air.  
1.7 The sensitivity of each lot of specimens to IHE shall be demonstrated. A specimen made of AISI E4340 steel heat treated to a hardness range of 50 to 52 HRC is used to produce a “worst case” condition and maximize sensitivity to IHE.  
1.8 The test is an accelerated (≤24 h) test method to measure the threshold for hydrogen stress cracking, and is used to quantify the amount of residual hydrogen in the specimen. The specimen undergoes sustained load and slow strain rate testing by using incremental loads and hold times under displacement control to measure a threshold stress in an accelerated manner in accordance with Test Method F1624.  
1.9...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A need exists for a Quality Systems Guide that may be deployed by small to larger manufacturers that give direction on development of process-based systems that drive quality and continuous improvement. This guide does not require third party regulation, thus making it attractive to those manufacturers who are not required to have such certification.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes recommended system-based procedures to assist fastener manufacturers and alteration distributors in the development of process controls which are intended to produce quality products in a cost effective manner. These recommended system-based procedures allow an organization to continually improve operational effectiveness.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs, including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems. Types of surface discontinuities are: crack; burst; seam; fold; thread lap; void; tool marks; and gouge and nick. These surface discontinuities shall be inspected in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs, including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems (the washers of screw-washer assemblies are excluded). This specification covers metric series products with nominal diameters of 4 mm and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 420 MPa and higher; and inch series products with nominal diameters of No. 5 (0.1250 in.) and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 60 000 psi and higher.  
1.2 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, or studs, the purchaser shall specify conformance to ASTM Specification F788, in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.2.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, and studs be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.3 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric bolts, screws, and studs with nominal diameters from 4 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO 6157/I. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on any inch-series products.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Sampling shall be selected in a random manner, ensuring that any unit in the lot has an equal chance of being chosen. Sampling should not be localized by selections being taken from the top of a container or from only one container of multicontainer lots.  
4.2 The purchaser should be aware of the supplier's quality assurance system. This can be accomplished by auditing the supplier's quality system, if qualified auditors are available, or by third-party assessment certification, such as provided by ISO/TS 16949, or ISO 9001.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides sampling methods for determining how many fasteners to include in a random sample in order to determine the acceptability or disposition of a given lot of fasteners.  
1.2 This practice is for mechanical properties, physical properties, performance properties, coating requirements, and other quality requirements specified in the standards of ASTM Committee F16. Dimensional and thread criteria sampling plans are the responsibility of ASME Committees B18.1 and B18.18.2M-B18.18.6M.  
1.3 This practice provides for two sampling plans: one designated the “detection process,” as described in Terminology F1789, and one designated the “prevention process,” as described in Terminology F1789.  
1.4 This practice is intended to be used as either a Final Inspection Plan for manufacturers, or as a Receiving Inspection Plan for purchasers/users. It is not valid for third-party qualification testing.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is recommended for the purpose of evaluating test equipment that may be utilized in statistical process control, testing laboratories, and for in-process control of manufacturing operations.
Ask the question: What effect does the operator have on the measurement process? If possible, the operators who normally use the test equipment should be included in the study. If operator calibration of the equipment is likely to be a significant cause of variation, then the operator should recalibrate the equipment prior to each group of readings.  
The test equipment should provide direct readings in which the smallest digit is no larger than one tenth of the tolerance of the characteristic being evaluated.
It is recommended that a test equipment repeatability and reproducibility study be a mandatory part of all test equipment purchases and that acceptance criteria be 10 % for certification and statistical process control (SPC) use.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the steps required to conduct a complete repeatability and reproducibility (RR) study on nondestructive test equipment. This guide is a manual (use of calculator) method. Other methods may utilize the application of computer driven software.
1.2 This guide can be used to evaluate all test equipment that provides variable measuring data.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars for mechanical fasteners. Manufacturing of materials shall conform to the melting, casting, deoxidation, grain size, hardenability, and thermal treatment practices of this specification. Chemical requirements shall conform to the specified limits of chemical composition for carbon steel. Requirements of metallurgical structure shall include course austenitic grain size, fine autenitic grain size, and speheroidized annealed material. The material shall be tested for decarburization, maximum tensile strength, reduction area, hardenability, grain size, calibration, dimensions, and tolerances. Surface condition, coating, workmanship, finish, appearance, and packaging shall also conform to the requirements of this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for the physical, mechanical, and metallurgical requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars in coils intended for the manufacture of mechanical fasteners which includes: bolts, nuts, rivets, screws, washers, and special parts manufactured cold.
Note 1—The Steel Industry uses the term “quality” to designate characteristics of a material which make it particularly well suited to a specific fabrication and/or application and does not imply “quality” in the usual sense.
1.2 Wire size range includes 0.062 to 1.375 in.
1.3 Rod size range usually includes 7/32 in. (0.219) to 47/64 in. (0.734) and generally offered in 1/64 increments (0.0156).
1.4 Bar size range includes 3/8 in. (0.375) to 1½ in. (1.500).
1.5 Sizes for wire, rod and bar outside the ranges of paragraphs 1.2-1.4 may be ordered by agreement between purchaser and supplier.
1.6 Material is furnished in many application variations. The purchaser should advise the supplier regarding the manufacturing process and finished product application as appropriate. Five application variations are: Cold Heading Recessed Head Socket Head Scrapless Nut Tubular Rivet
1.6.1 Wire is furnished for all five application variations.
1.6.2 Rod and bar are furnished to the single application variation; Cold Heading.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars for mechanical fasteners. Manufacturing of materials shall conform to the melting, casting, deoxidation, grain size, hardenability, and thermal treatment practices of this specification. Chemical requirements shall conform to the specified limits of chemical composition for carbon steel. Requirements of metallurgical structure shall include course austenitic grain size, fine autenitic grain size, and speheroidized annealed material. The material shall be tested for decarburization, maximum tensile strength, reduction area, hardenability, grain size, calibration, dimensions, and tolerances. Surface condition, coating, workmanship, finish, appearance, and packaging shall also conform to the requirements of this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for the physical, mechanical, and metallurgical requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars in coils intended for the manufacture of mechanical fasteners which includes: bolts, nuts, rivets, screws, washers, and special parts manufactured cold.
Note 1—The Steel Industry uses the term “quality” to designate characteristics of a material which make it particularly well suited to a specific fabrication and/or application and does not imply “quality” in the usual sense.
1.2 Wire size range includes 0.062 to 1.375 in.
1.3 Rod size range usually includes 7/32 in. (0.219) to 47/64 in. (0.734) and generally offered in 1/64 increments (0.0156).
1.4 Bar size range includes 3/8 in. (0.375) to 1½ in. (1.500).
1.5 Sizes for wire, rod and bar outside the ranges of paragraphs 1.2-1.4 may be ordered by agreement between purchaser and supplier.
1.6 Material is furnished in many application variations. The purchaser should advise the supplier regarding the manufacturing process and finished product application as appropriate. Five application variations are: Cold Heading Recessed Head Socket Head Scrapless Nut Tubular Rivet
1.6.1 Wire is furnished for all five application variations.
1.6.2 Rod and bar are furnished to the single application variation; Cold Heading.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Sampling shall be selected in a random manner, ensuring that any unit in the lot has an equal chance of being chosen. Sampling should not be localized by selections being taken from the top of a container or from only one container of multicontainer lots.
The purchaser should be aware of the supplier's quality assurance system. This can be accomplished by auditing the supplier's quality system, if qualified auditors are available, or by third-party assessment certification, such as provided by ISO/TS 16949, or ISO 9001.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides sampling methods for determining how many fasteners to include in a random sample in order to determine the acceptability or disposition of a given lot of fasteners.
1.2 This practice is for mechanical properties, physical properties, performance properties, coating requirements, and other quality requirements specified in the standards of ASTM Committee F16. Dimensional and thread criteria sampling plans are the responsibility of ASME Committees B18.1 and B18.18.2M-B18.18.6M.
1.3 This practice provides for two sampling plans: one designated the “detection process,” as described in Terminology F 1789, and one designated the “prevention process,” as described in Terminology F 1789.  
1.4 This practice is intended to be used as either a Final Inspection Plan for manufacturers, or as a Receiving Inspection Plan for purchasers/users. It is not valid for third-party qualification testing.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs, including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems. Types of surface discontinuities are: crack; burst; seam; fold; thread lap; void; tool marks; and gouge and nick. These surface discontinuities shall be inspected in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs, including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems (the washers of screw-washer assemblies are excluded). This specification covers metric series products with nominal diameters of 4 mm and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 420 MPa and higher; and inch series products with nominal diameters of No. 5 (0.1250 in.) and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 60 000 psi and higher.  
1.2 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, or studs, the purchaser shall specify conformance to ASTM Specification F 788/F 788M, in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.2.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, and studs be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.3 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric bolts, screws, and studs with nominal diameters from 4 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO 6157/I. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on any inch-series products.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs, including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems. Types of surface discontinuities are: crack; burst; seam; fold; thread lap; void; tool marks; and gouge and nick. These surface discontinuities shall be inspected in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs, including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems (the washers of screw-washer assemblies are excluded). This specification covers metric series products with nominal diameters of 4 mm and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 420 MPa and higher; and inch series products with nominal diameters of No. 5 (0.1250 in.) and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 60 000 psi and higher.  
1.2 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, or studs, the purchaser shall specify conformance to ASTM Specification F788, in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.2.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, and studs be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.3 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric bolts, screws, and studs with nominal diameters from 4 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO 6157/I. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on any inch-series products.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A need exists for a Quality Systems Guide that may be deployed by small to larger manufacturers that give direction on development of process-based systems that drive quality and continuous improvement. This guide does not require third party regulation, thus making it attractive to those manufacturers who are not required to have such certification.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes recommended system-based procedures to assist fastener manufacturers and alteration distributors in the development of process controls which are intended to produce quality products in a cost effective manner. These recommended system-based procedures allow an organization to continually improve operational effectiveness.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs, including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems. Types of surface discontinuities are: crack; burst; seam; fold; thread lap; void; tool marks; and gouge and nick. These surface discontinuities shall be inspected in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs, including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems (the washers of screw-washer assemblies are excluded). This specification covers metric series products with nominal diameters of 4 mm and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 420 MPa and higher; and inch series products with nominal diameters of No. 5 (0.1250 in.) and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 60 000 psi and higher.
1.2 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, or studs, the purchaser shall specify conformance to ASTM Specification F 788/F 788M, in the original inquiry and purchase order.
1.2.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, and studs be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.
1.3 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric bolts, screws, and studs with nominal diameters from 4 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO 6157/I. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on any inch-series products.
1.4 The values stated in either SI (metric) or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities such as cracks that may occur during the manufacture and processing of metric-series nuts and inch-series nuts. The different types of surface discontinuities and allowable limits are presented in details. The nuts shall be inspected for surface discontinuities to meet the requirements prescribed. Cone proof load test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of metric-series nuts with nominal diameters 5 mm and larger and inch-series nuts with nominal diameters 1/4 in. and larger.
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.3 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on nuts, the purchaser shall specify conformance to this ASTM specification in the original inquiry and purchase order.
1.3.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on nuts be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.
1.4 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric nuts, with nominal diameters 5 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO/DIS 6157/II. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on metric-series nuts with nominal diameters larger than 24 mm or on any inch-series nuts.
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities such as cracks that may occur during the manufacture and processing of metric-series nuts and inch-series nuts. The different types of surface discontinuities and allowable limits are presented in details. The nuts shall be inspected for surface discontinuities to meet the requirements prescribed. Cone proof load test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of metric-series nuts with nominal diameters 5 mm and larger and inch-series nuts with nominal diameters 1/4 in. and larger.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.3 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on nuts, the purchaser shall specify conformance to this ASTM specification in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.3.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on nuts be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.4 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric nuts, with nominal diameters 5 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO/DIS 6157/II. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on metric-series nuts with nominal diameters larger than 24 mm or on any inch-series nuts.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method establishes a means to verify the prevention, to the extent possible, of IHE in steel fasteners during manufacture by maintaining strict controls during production operations such as surface preparation, pretreatments, and plating or coating. It is intended to be used as a qualification test for new or revised plating or coating processes and as a periodic inspection audit for the control of a plating or coating process.  
Passing this test allows fasteners to be stressed in tension to the minimum specified tensile load in air with almost no possibility of time delayed fracture in air as a result of IHE from processing. If the amount of residual hydrogen is not sufficient to induce cracking or fracture in the specimen under worst case conditions, then it can be concluded that all of the lots of fasteners processed during that period will not have sufficient residual hydrogen from processing to induce hydrogen embrittlement of the fasteners under stress in air if the process remains in control, unchanged and stable.
If certified specimens with demonstrated sensitivity to IHE, processed with the fasteners, have a threshold ≥75 % of the incremental step load notched bend fracture stress, NFS(B)F 1624, it is assumed that all fasteners processed the same way during the period will also pass any sustained load IHE test.
FIG. 1 Dimensional Requirements for a 0.4W-Notched Square Bar Bend Specimen
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to prevent, to the extent possible, internal hydrogen embrittlement (IHE) of fasteners by monitoring the plating or coating process, such as those described in Specifications F 1137 and F 1941. The process is quantitatively monitored on a periodic basis with a minimum number of specimens as compared to qualifying each lot of fasteners being plated or coated. Trend analysis is used to ensure quality as compared to statistical sampling analysis of each lot of fasteners. This test method consists of a mechanical test for the evaluation and control of the potential for IHE that may arise from various sources of hydrogen in a plating or coating process.
1.2 This test method consists of a mechanical test, conducted on a standard specimen used as a witness, for the evaluation and control of the potential for IHE that may arise from various sources of hydrogen in a plating or coating process.
1.3 This test method is limited to evaluating hydrogen induced embrittlement due only to processing (IHE) and not due to environmental exposure (EHE, see Test Method F 1624).
1.4 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of steels to either IHE or EHE.
1.5 This test method is limited to evaluating processes used for plating or coating ferrous fasteners.
1.6 This test method uses a notched square bar specimen that conforms to Test Method F 519, Type 1e, except that the radius is increased to accommodate the deposition of a larger range of platings and coatings. For the background on Test Method F 519 testing, see publications ASTM STP 543 and ASTM STP 962. The stress concentration factor is at a Kt = 3.1 0.2. The sensitivity is demonstrated with a constant imposed cathodic potential to control the amount of hydrogen. Both the sensitivity and the baseline for residual hydrogen will be established with tests on bare metal specimens in air.
1.7 The sensitivity of each lot of specimens to IHE shall be demonstrated. A specimen made of AISI E4340 steel heat treated to a hardness range of 50 to 52 HRC is used to produce a "worst case" condition and maximize sensitivity to IHE.
1.8 The test is an accelerated (24 h) test method to measure the threshold for hydrogen stress cracking, and is used to quantify the amount of residual hydrogen in the specimen. The specimen undergoes sustained load and slow strain rate testing by using incremental loads and hold times under displacement control to measure a threshold stress in an accelerat...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is designed to evaluate a machine or process isolated from its normal operating environment. In its normal operating environment, there would be many sources of variation that may not exist at a machine/process builder’facility; or put another way, this study is usually conducted under ideal conditions. Therefore, it should be recognized that the results of this practice are usually a “best case” analysis, and allowances need to be made for sources of variations that may exist at the purchaser’ facility.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers provision of a proper method for determining process capability for new or existing machine processes. It is recommended that available statistical software be used for the calculation of the descriptive statistics required for decision making when using this practice. Where software is not available, Section 8 and Tables 1 and 2 are provided for manual calculations.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to prevent, to the extent possible, internal hydrogen embrittlement (IHE) of fasteners by monitoring the plating or coating process, such as those described in Specifications F 1137 and F 1941. The process is quantitatively monitored on a periodic basis with a minimum number of specimens as compared to qualifying each lot of fasteners being plated or coated. Trend analysis is used to ensure quality as compared to statistical sampling analysis of each lot of fasteners. This test method consists of a mechanical test for the evaluation and control of the potential for IHE that may arise from various sources of hydrogen in a plating or coating process.
1.2 This test method applies to externally threaded tensile fasteners that can also be loaded in bending during installation.
1.3 This test method is limited to evaluating hydrogen induced embrittlement due only to processing (IHE) and not due to environmental exposure (EHE, see Test Method F 1624).
1.4 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of steels to either IHE or EHE.
1.5 This test method is limited to ferrous fasteners that are susceptible to time-delayed fracture caused by the diffusion of hydrogen under stress.
1.6 This test method uses a notched square bar specimen that conforms to Test Method F 519, Type 1e, except that the radius is increased to accommodate the deposition of a larger range of platings and coatings. For the background on Test Method F 519 testing, see publications ASTM STP 543 and ASTM STP 962. The stress concentration factor is at a Kt = 3.1 ± 0.2. The sensitivity is demonstrated with a constant imposed cathodic potential to control the amount of hydrogen. Both the sensitivity and the baseline for residual hydrogen will be established with tests on bare metal specimens in air.
1.7 The sensitivity of each lot of specimens to IHE shall be demonstrated. A specimen made of AISI E4340 steel heat treated to a hardness range of 50 to 52 HRC is used to produce a "worst case" condition and maximize sensitivity to IHE.
1.8 A notched four-point bend specimen undergoes sustained load and slow strain rate testing by using incremental loads and hold times under displacement control to measure a threshold stress in an accelerated manner in accordance with Test Method F 1624. The test is an accelerated (≤24 h) incrementally increasing step load test method that measures the threshold for hydrogen stress cracking that is used to quantify the amount of residual hydrogen in the specimen.
1.9 In this test method, bending is used instead of tension because it produces the maximum local limit load tensile stress in a notched bar of up to 2.3 times the yield strength as measured in accordance with Test Method E 8. A fastener that is unintentionally exposed to bending on installation may attain this maximum local tensile stress.
1.10 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs, including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems (the washers of screw-washer assemblies are excluded). This specification covers metric series products with nominal diameters of 4 mm and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 420 MPa and higher; and inch series products with nominal diameters of No. 5 (0.1250 in.) and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 60 000 psi and higher.
1.2 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, or studs, the purchaser shall specify conformance to ASTM Specification F 788/F 788M, in the original inquiry and purchase order.
1.2.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, and studs be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.
1.3 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric bolts, screws, and studs with nominal diameters from 4 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO 6157/I. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on any inch-series products.
1.4 The values stated in either SI (metric) or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs, including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems (the washers of screw-washer assemblies are excluded). This specification covers metric series products with nominal diameters of 4 mm and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 800 MPa and greater; and inch series products with nominal diameters of No. 5 (0.1250 in.) and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 90000 psi and greater.
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.3 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, or studs, the purchaser shall specify conformance to ASTM Specification F 788/F 788M, in the original inquiry and purchase order.
1.3.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, and studs be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.
1.4 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric bolts, screws, and studs with nominal diameters from 4 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO 6157/I. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on any inch-series products.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is recommended for the purpose of evaluating test equipment that may be utilized in statistical process control, testing laboratories, and for in-process control of manufacturing operations.
Ask the question: What effect does the operator have on the measurement process? If possible, the operators who normally use the test equipment should be included in the study. If operator calibration of the equipment is likely to be a significant cause of variation, then the operator should recalibrate the equipment prior to each group of readings.  
The test equipment should provide direct readings in which the smallest digit is no larger than one tenth of the tolerance of the characteristic being evaluated.
It is recommended that a test equipment repeatability and reproducibility study be a mandatory part of all test equipment purchases and that acceptance criteria be 10 % for certification and statistical process control (SPC) use.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the steps required to conduct a complete repeatability and reproducibility (RR) study on nondestructive test equipment. This guide is a manual (use of calculator) method. Other methods may utilize the application of computer driven software.
1.2 This guide can be used to evaluate all test equipment that provides variable measuring data.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of metric-series nuts with nominal diameters 5 mm and larger and inch-series nuts with nominal diameters 1/4 in. and larger.
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.3 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on nuts, the purchaser shall specify conformance to this ASTM specification in the original inquiry and purchase order.
1.3.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on nuts be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.
1.4 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric nuts, with nominal diameters 5 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO/DIS 6157/II. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on metric-series nuts with nominal diameters larger than 24 mm or on any inch-series nuts.
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars for mechanical fasteners. Manufacturing of materials shall conform to the melting, casting, deoxidation, grain size, hardenability, and thermal treatment practices of this specification. Chemical requirements shall conform to the specified limits of chemical composition for carbon steel. Requirements of metallurgical structure shall include course austenitic grain size, fine autenitic grain size, and speheroidized annealed material. The material shall be tested for decarburization, maximum tensile strength, reduction area, hardenability, grain size, calibration, dimensions, and tolerances. Surface condition, coating, workmanship, finish, appearance, and packaging shall also conform to the requirements of this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for the physical, mechanical, and metallurgical requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars in coils intended for the manufacture of mechanical fasteners which includes: bolts, nuts, rivets, screws, washers, and special parts manufactured cold.
Note 1—The Steel Industry uses the term "quality" to designate characteristics of a material which make it particularly well suited to a specific fabrication and/or application and does not imply "quality" in the usual sense.
1.2 Wire size range includes 0.062 to 1.375 in.
1.3 Rod size range usually includes 7/32 in. (0.219) to 47/64 in. (0.734) and generally offered in 1/64 increments (0.0156).
1.4 Bar size range includes 3/8 in. (0.375) to 1½ in. (1.500).
1.5 Sizes for wire, rod and bar outside the ranges of paragraphs 1.2-1.4 may be ordered by agreement between purchaser and supplier.
1.6 Material is furnished in many application variations. The purchaser should advise the supplier regarding the manufacturing process and finished product application as appropriate. Five application variations are:Cold HeadingRecessed HeadSocket HeadScrapless NutTubular Rivet
1.6.1 Wire is furnished for all five application variations.
1.6.2 Rod and bar are furnished to the single application variation; Cold Heading.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers provision of a proper method for determining process capability for new or existing machine processes. It is recommended that available statistical software be used for the calculation of the descriptive statistics required for decision making when using this practice. Where software is not available, Section 8 and Tables 1 and 2 are provided for manual calculations.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs, including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems (the washers of screw-washer assemblies are excluded). This specification covers metric series products with nominal diameters of 4 mm and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 800 MPa and greater; and inch series products with nominal diameters of No. 5 (0.1250 in.) and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 90000 psi and greater.
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.3 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, or studs, the purchaser shall specify conformance to ASTM Specification F 788/F 788M, in the original inquiry and purchase order.
1.3.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, and studs be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.
1.4 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric bolts, screws, and studs with nominal diameters from 4 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO 6157/I. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on any inch-series products.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of metric-series nuts with nominal diameters 5 mm and larger and inch-series nuts with nominal diameters 1/4 in. and larger.
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.3 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on nuts, the purchaser shall specify conformance to this ASTM specification in the original inquiry and purchase order.
1.3.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on nuts be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.
1.4 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric nuts, with nominal diameters 5 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO/DIS 6157/II. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on metric-series nuts with nominal diameters larger than 24 mm or on any inch-series nuts.
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of metric-series nuts with nominal diameters 5 mm and larger and inch-series nuts with nominal diameters 1/4 in. and larger.
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.3 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on nuts, the purchaser shall specify conformance to this ASTM specification in the original inquiry and purchase order.
1.3.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on nuts be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.
1.4 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric nuts, with nominal diameters 5 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO/DIS 6157/II. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on metric-series nuts with nominal diameters larger than 24 mm or on any inch-series nuts.
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides sampling methods for determining how many fasteners to include in a random sample in order to determine the acceptability or disposition of a given lot of fasteners.
1.2 This guide is for mechanical properties, physical properties, coating requirements, and other quality requirements specified in the standards of ASTM Committee F16. Dimensional and thread criteria sampling plans are the responsibility of ASME Committee B18.
1.3 This guide provides for two sampling plans: one designated the "detection process," as described in Terminology F 1789, and one designated the "prevention process," as described in Terminology F 1789.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Sampling shall be selected in a random manner, ensuring that any unit in the lot has an equal chance of being chosen. Sampling should not be localized by selections being taken from the top of a container or from only one container of multicontainer lots.
The purchaser should be aware of the supplier’quality assurance system. This can be accomplished by auditing the supplier’ quality system, if qualified auditors are available, or by third-party assessment certification, such as provided by QS 9000, ASQ 9000, or ISO 9000.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides sampling methods for determining how many fasteners to include in a random sample in order to determine the acceptability or disposition of a given lot of fasteners.
1.2 This guide is for mechanical properties, physical properties, coating requirements, and other quality requirements specified in the standards of ASTM Committee F16. Dimensional and thread criteria sampling plans are the responsibility of ASME Committee B18.
1.3 This guide provides for two sampling plans: one designated the "detection process," as described in Terminology F 1789, and one designated the "prevention process," as described in Terminology F 1789.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to prevent, to the extent possible, internal hydrogen embrittlement (IHE) of fasteners by monitoring the plating or coating process, such as those described in Specifications F1137 and F1941. The process is quantitatively monitored on a periodic basis with a minimum number of specimens as compared to qualifying each lot of fasteners being plated or coated. Trend analysis is used to ensure quality as compared to statistical sampling analysis of each lot of fasteners. This test method consists of a mechanical test for the evaluation and control of the potential for IHE that may arise from various sources of hydrogen in a plating or coating process.
1.2 This test method applies to externally threaded tensile fasteners that can also be loaded in bending during installation.
1.3 This test method is limited to evaluating hydrogen induced embrittlement due only to processing (IHE) and not due to environmental exposure (EHE, see Test Method F1624).
1.4 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of steels to either IHE or EHE.
1.5 This test method is limited to ferrous fasteners that are susceptible to time-delayed fracture caused by the diffusion of hydrogen under stress.
1.6 This test method uses a notched square bar specimen that conforms to Test Method F519, Type 1e, except that the radius is increased to accommodate the deposition of a larger range of platings and coatings. For the background on Test Method F519 testing, see publications ASTM STP543 and ASTM STP962. The stress concentration factor is at a Kt = 3.1 ± 0.2. The sensitivity is demonstrated with a constant imposed cathodic potential to control the amount of hydrogen. Both the sensitivity and the baseline for residual hydrogen will be established with tests on bare metal specimens in air.
1.7 The sensitivity of each lot of specimens to IHE shall be demonstrated. A specimen made of AISI E4340 steel heat treated to a hardness range of 50 to 52 HRC is used to produce a "worst case" condition and maximize sensitivity to IHE.
1.8 A notched four-point bend specimen undergoes sustained load and slow strain rate testing by using incremental loads and hold times under displacement control to measure a threshold stress in an accelerated manner in accordance with Test Method F1624. The test is an accelerated (24 h) incrementally increasing step load test method that measures the threshold for hydrogen stress cracking that is used to quantify the amount of residual hydrogen in the specimen.
1.9 In this test method, bending is used instead of tension because it produces the maximum local limit load tensile stress in a notched bar of up to 2.3 times the yield strength as measured in accordance with Test Method E 8. A fastener that is unintentionally exposed to bending on installation may attain this maximum local tensile stress.
1.10 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to prevent, to the extent possible, internal hydrogen embrittlement (IHE) of fasteners by monitoring the plating or coating process, such as those described in Specifications F1137 and F1941. The process is quantitatively monitored on a periodic basis with a minimum number of specimens as compared to qualifying each lot of fasteners being plated or coated. Trend analysis is used to ensure quality as compared to statistical sampling analysis of each lot of fasteners. This test method consists of a mechanical test for the evaluation and control of the potential for IHE that may arise from various sources of hydrogen in a plating or coating process.
1.2 This test method applies to externally threaded tensile fasteners that can also be loaded in bending during installation.
1.3 This test method is limited to evaluating hydrogen induced embrittlement due only to processing (IHE) and not due to environmental exposure (EHE, see Test Method F1624).
1.4 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of steels to either IHE or EHE.
1.5 This test method is limited to ferrous fasteners that are susceptible to time-delayed fracture caused by the diffusion of hydrogen under stress.
1.6 This test method uses a notched square bar specimen that conforms to Test Method F519, Type 1e, except that the radius is increased to accommodate the deposition of a larger range of platings and coatings. For the background on Test Method F519 testing, see publications ASTM STP543 and ASTM STP962. The stress concentration factor is at a Kt = 3.1 ± 0.2. The sensitivity is demonstrated with a constant imposed cathodic potential to control the amount of hydrogen. Both the sensitivity and the baseline for residual hydrogen will be established with tests on bare metal specimens in air.
1.7 The sensitivity of each lot of specimens to IHE shall be demonstrated. A specimen made of AISI E4340 steel heat treated to a hardness range of 50 to 52 HRC is used to produce a "worst case" condition and maximize sensitivity to IHE.
1.8 A notched four-point bend specimen undergoes sustained load and slow strain rate testing by using incremental loads and hold times under displacement control to measure a threshold stress in an accelerated manner in accordance with Test Method F1624. The test is an accelerated (24 h) incrementally increasing step load test method that measures the threshold for hydrogen stress cracking that is used to quantify the amount of residual hydrogen in the specimen.
1.9 In this test method, bending is used instead of tension because it produces the maximum local limit load tensile stress in a notched bar of up to 2.3 times the yield strength as measured in accordance with Test Method E 8. A fastener that is unintentionally exposed to bending on installation may attain this maximum local tensile stress.
1.10 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the steps required to conduct a complete repeatability and reproducibility (RR) study on nondestructive test equipment. This guide is a manual (use of calculator) method. Other methods may utilize the application of computer driven software.
1.2 This guide can be used to evaluate all test equipment that provides variable measuring data.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs, including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems (the washers of screw-washer assemblies are excluded). This specification covers metric series products with nominal diameters of 4 mm and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 800 MPa and greater; and inch series products with nominal diameters of No. 5 (0.1250 in.) and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 90 000 psi and greater.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.3 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, or studs, the purchaser shall specify conformance to ASTM Specification F788/F788M, in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.3.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, and studs be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.4 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric bolts, screws, and studs with nominal diameters from 4 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO/DIS 6157/I. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on metric series bolts, screws, and studs with nominal diameters larger than 24 mm or on any inch-series products.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the proper method for establishing process potentials for new or existing processes.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A need exists for a Quality Systems Guide that may be deployed by small to larger manufacturers that give direction on development of process-based systems that drive quality and continuous improvement. This guide does not require third party regulation, thus making it attractive to those manufacturers who are not required to have such certification.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes recommended system-based procedures to assist fastener manufacturers and alteration distributors in the development of process controls which are intended to produce quality products in a cost effective manner. These recommended system-based procedures allow an organization to continually improve operational effectiveness.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide establishes recommended system-based procedures to assist fastener manufacturers and alteration distributors in the development of process controls which are intended to produce quality products in a cost effective manner. These recommended system-based procedures allow an organization to continually improve operational effectiveness.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F16 on Fasteners, this guide was withdrawn in August 2019. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is designed to evaluate a machine or process isolated from its normal operating environment. In its normal operating environment, there would be many sources of variation that may not exist at a machine/process builder's facility; or put another way, this study is usually conducted under ideal conditions. Therefore, it should be recognized that the results of this practice are usually a “best case” analysis, and allowances need to be made for sources of variations that may exist at the purchaser's facility.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers provision of a proper method for determining process capability for new or existing machine processes. It is recommended that available statistical software be used for the calculation of the descriptive statistics required for decision making when using this practice. Where software is not available, Section 8 and Tables 1 and 2 are provided for manual calculations.TABLE 1 Machine/Process Average and Range    
Calculate the average Range (R) and the Process Average X For the study period, calculate:    
   where:  k  =  the number of subgroups,    R1  =  the range and average of the first subgroup,    X1  =  the range and average of the first subgroup,   R2  =   from the second subgroup, and   X2  =   from the second subgroup, etc.  
TABLE 2 Machine/Process Standard Deviation    
Estimate the process standard deviation (the estimate is shown as σ^ “sigma hat”).    
Using the existing sample size calculate:  
σ^ =  R/d2  
Where  R is the average of the subgroup ranges (for periods with the ranges in control) and d 2 is a constant varying by sample size, as shown in the table below:  
n  
2  
3  
4  
5  
6  
7  
8  
9  
10  
d2  
1.13  
1.69  
2.06  
2.33  
2.53  
2.70  
2.85  
2.97  
3.08
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covers provision of a proper method for determining process capability for new or existing machine processes. It is recommended that available statistical software be used for the calculation of the descriptive statistics required for decision making when using this practice.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F16 on Fasteners, this practice was withdrawn in June 2018. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is recommended for the purpose of evaluating test equipment that may be utilized in statistical process control, testing laboratories, and for in-process control of manufacturing operations.
Ask the question: What effect does the operator have on the measurement process? If possible, the operators who normally use the test equipment should be included in the study. If operator calibration of the equipment is likely to be a significant cause of variation, then the operator should recalibrate the equipment prior to each group of readings.  
The test equipment should provide direct readings in which the smallest digit is no larger than one tenth of the tolerance of the characteristic being evaluated.
It is recommended that a test equipment repeatability and reproducibility study be a mandatory part of all test equipment purchases and that acceptance criteria be 10 % for certification and statistical process control (SPC) use.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the steps required to conduct a complete repeatability and reproducibility (RR) study on nondestructive test equipment. This guide is a manual (use of calculator) method. Other methods may utilize the application of computer driven software.
1.2 This guide can be used to evaluate all test equipment that provides variable measuring data.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide describes the steps required to conduct a complete repeatability and reproducibility (RR) study on nondestructive test equipment. This guide is a manual (use of calculator) method. Other methods may utilize the application of computer driven software.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F16 on Fasteners, this guide was withdrawn in March 2018. This standard is being withdrawn with no replacement because it is an abridgment of a reference manual (Automotive Industry Action Groups Measurement Systems Analysis Reference Manual) that is generally accepted in industry as it relates to product intended to be integrated into automotive applications. Further, Guide F1469 is limited in scope. As an abridgment, it does not provide guidance on certain areas, such as evaluation of the number of distinct group sand the use and analysis of variation (ANOVA). Guide F1469 has diminished flexibility in comparison to the mentioned referenced manual.