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ASTM D2709-96e2

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge

Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the volume of free water and sediment in middle distillate fuels having viscosities at 40°C (104°F) in the range of 1.0 to 4.1 mm /s (1.0 to 4.1 cSt) and densities in the range of 770 to 900 kg/m .  Note 1-Fuels corresponding to Specification D975 Grades 1D and 2D, Specification D2880 Grades 0-GT, 1-GT and 2-GT, and Specification D3699 Grades 1-K and 2-K will usually fail in this viscosity and density range. Test Method D1796 is intended for higher viscosity fuel oils.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthesis are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the application of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
16-Aug-1999
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.14 - Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D2709-96(2001)e1 - Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D7468-22 - Standard Test Method for Cummins ISM Test
Effective Date
17-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM D4176-22 - Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
Effective Date
17-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM D6923-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
Effective Date
17-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM D4174-23 - Standard Practice for Cleaning, Flushing, and Purification of Petroleum Fluid Hydraulic Systems
Effective Date
17-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM D7156-19 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
Effective Date
17-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM D7422-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
Effective Date
17-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM D6751-23a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
17-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM D7666-12(2019) - Standard Specification for Triglyceride Burner Fuel
Effective Date
17-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM D5966-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel Engine
Effective Date
17-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM D7484-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
Effective Date
17-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM D8291-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance of Automotive Engine Oils in the Mitigation of Low-Speed, Preignition in the Sequence IX Gasoline Turbocharged Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
17-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM D6750-23 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
Effective Date
17-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM D7583-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for John Deere Coolant Cavitation Test
Effective Date
17-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM D7549-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils under High Output Conditions—Caterpillar C13 Test Procedure
Effective Date
17-Aug-1999

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ASTM D2709-96e2 - Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeASTM D2709-96e2 - Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
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ASTM D2709-96e2 - Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e2
Designation: D 2709 – 96
Standard Test Method for
1
Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—Paragraph 1.1 was corrected editorially in March 1998.
2
e NOTE—Paragraph 6.2 was corrected editorially in August 1999.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the volume 4.1 A 100-mL sample of the undiluted fuel is centrifuged at
of free water and sediment in middle distillate fuels having a relative centrifugal force of 800 for 10 min. at 21 to 32°C (70
2
viscosities at 40°C (104°F) in the range of 1.0 to 4.1 mm /s to 90°F) in a centrifuge tube readable to 0.005 mL and
3
(1.0 to 4.1 cSt) and densities in the range of 770 to 900 kg/m . measurable to 0.01 mL. After centrifugation, the volume of
water and sediment which has settled into the tip of the
NOTE 1—Fuels corresponding to Specification D 975 Grades 1D and
centrifuge tube is read to the nearest 0.005 mL and reported as
2D, Specification D 2880 Grades 0-GT, 1-GT and 2-GT, and Specification
the volumetric percent water and sediment by centrifuge.
D 3699 Grades 1-K and 2-K will usually fall in this viscosity and density
range. Test Method D 1796 is intended for higher viscosity fuel oils.
5. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5.1 This test method is used as an indication of water and
as the standard. The values given in parenthesis are for
sediment in middle distillate fuels such as Grades Nos. 1 and 2
information only.
fuel oil, (Specification D 396) Nos. 1-D and 2-D diesel fuel,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all safety
(Specification D 975) and Nos. 0-GT, 1-GT, and 2-GT gas
problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
turbine fuels (Specification D 2880).
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
5.2 Appreciable amounts of water and sediment in a fuel oil
health practices and determine the application of regulatory
tend to cause fouling of the fuel-handling facilities and to give
limitations prior to use.
trouble in the fuel system of a burner or engine. An accumu-
lation of sediment in storage tanks and on filter screens can
2. Referenced Documents
obstruct the flow of oil from the tank to the combustor. Water
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 in middle distillate fuels can cause corrosion of tanks and
D 396 Specification for Fuel Oils
2 equipment, and if detergent is present, the water can cause
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
emulsions or a hazy appearance. Water is necessary to support
D 1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
microbiological growth at fuel water-interfaces in fuel systems.
2
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
3
D 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
6. Apparatus
3
D 3699 Specification for Kerosine
6.1 Centrifuge, capable of whirling two or more filled
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
centrifuge tubes at a speed which can be controlled to give a
3
Petroleum Products
relative centrifugal force (rcf) of 800 6 60 at the tip of the
tubes. The revolving head, trunnion rings, and trunnion cups,
3. Terminology
including the cushions, are to be soundly constructed to
3.1 Description of Terms Specific to This Standard:
withstand the maximum centrifugal force capable of being
3.1.1 distillate fuel—a virgin or cracked or blend of virgin
delivered by the power source. The trunnion cups and cushions
and cracked distillate having a flash point greater than 38°C.
shall support the tubes when the centrifuge is in motion. The
centrifuge shall be enclosed by a metal shield or case strong
1
enough to eliminate danger if any breakage occurs.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 6.2 The data in Table 1 can be used to determine the
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
centrifuge speed setting required for the centrifuge to meet
Current edition approved January 10, 1996. Published March 1996. Originally
relative centrifugal force requirements for this method and was
published as D 2709 – 68. Last previous edition D 2709 – 93.
2
developed using the following equations:
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2
...

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