ASTM C71-12

Standard Terminology Relating to Refractories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This terminology ensures that terms peculiar to refractories are adequately defined so that other standards in which such terms are used can be understood and interpreted properly.  
This terminology is useful to those who are not conversant with the terms related to refractories. However, it is also a ready reference for those directly associated with refractories to resolve differences and ensure commonality of usage, particularly in the preparation of ASTM standards.  
Although this terminology is intended to promote uniformity in the usage of terms related to refractories, it can never be complete because new terms are constantly arising. The existence of this terminology does not preclude the use or misuse of any term in another context.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms particularly related to refractories and encompasses raw materials, manufacture, finished products, applications, and testing procedures.  
1.2 When any of the definitions in this terminology are quoted or published out of context, editorially insert the limiting phrase “in refractories” after the dash following the term to properly limit the field of application of the term and definition.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2012
• ICS: 01.040.81 - Glass and ceramics industries (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.92 - The Joseph E. Kopanda Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology and Classification

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C71-08 - Standard Terminology Relating to Refractories
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2012
• Replaced By: ASTM C71-12(2018) - Standard Terminology Relating to Refractories
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018
• Referred By: ASTM C892-19 - Standard Specification for High-Temperature Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2012
• Referred By: ASTM C1656-13(2023) - Standard Guide for Measuring the Reactivity of Hydraulic Refractory Castables Using Exothermic Profile
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2012
• Referred By: ASTM C1547-02(2022) - Standard Classification for Fusion-Cast Refractory Blocks and Shapes
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2012
• Referred By: ASTM C1445-13(2018) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Consistency of Castable Refractory Using a Flow Table
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2012
• Referred By: ASTM C24-09(2022) - Standard Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2012
• Referred By: ASTM C455-07(2022) - Standard Classification of Chrome, Chrome-Magnesia, Magnesia-Chrome, and Magnesia Brick
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2012
• Referred By: ASTM C1685-15(2021) - Standard Specification for Pneumatically Applied High-Temperature Fiber Thermal Insulation for Industrial Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2012
• Referred By: ASTM C1548-02(2020) - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio of Refractory Materials by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2012
• Referred By: ASTM E1602-03(2017) - Standard Guide for Construction of Solid Fuel Burning Masonry Heaters
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C71 − 12
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C71; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 This terminology is useful to those who are not conver-
sant with the terms related to refractories. However, it is also a
1.1 This terminology covers terms particularly related to
ready reference for those directly associated with refractories
refractories and encompasses raw materials, manufacture,
to resolve differences and ensure commonality of usage,
finished products, applications, and testing procedures.
particularly in the preparation of ASTM standards.
1.2 When any of the definitions in this terminology are
3.3 Although this terminology is intended to promote uni-
quoted or published out of context, editorially insert the
formity in the usage of terms related to refractories, it can
limiting phrase “in refractories” after the dash following the
never be complete because new terms are constantly arising.
term to properly limit the field of application of the term and
The existence of this terminology does not preclude the use or
definition.
misuse of any term in another context.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Terminology
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Definitions:
C24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of
abrasion of refractories, n—wearing away of refractory
Fireclay and High Alumina Refractory Materials
surfaces by the scouring action of moving solids.
C181 Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and
High-Alumina Refractory Plastics
acid refractories, n— see refractories, acid.
C401 Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate
alumina-chromia brick, n—a refractory brick, which may be
Castable Refractories
burned or unburned, manufactured predominantly of a mix-
C416 Classification of Silica Refractory Brick
ture of a high-alumina raw material and chromic oxide
C456 Test Method for Hydration Resistance of Basic Bricks
(Cr O ), with the alumina (Al O ) content being 50 % or
2 3 2 3
and Shapes
greater by weight and with chromic oxide (Cr O ) predomi-
2 3
C492 Test Method for Hydration of Granular Dead-Burned
nating by weight among the other constituent oxides.
Refractory Dolomite
C860 Test Method for Determining the Consistency of
angle of repose, n—the acute angle measured from the
Refractory Castable Using the Ball-In-Hand Test
horizontal to the slope of a cone-shaped pile of free-flowing
C909 Practice for Dimensions of a Modular Series of Re-
material.
fractory Brick and Shapes
anthracite-coal-base carbon refractory, n—see carbon
refractory, anthracite-coal-base.
3. Significance and Use
basic refractories, n— see refractories, basic.
3.1 This terminology ensures that terms peculiar to refrac-
bat, v—to reject or discard a brick or shape.
tories are adequately defined so that other standards in which
such terms are used can be understood and interpreted prop-
binder, n—a substance added to a granular material to give it
erly.
workability and green or dry strength.
bloating of refractories, v—substantial swelling produced by
1 a heat treatment that causes the formation of a vesicular
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.92The Joseph E. structure.
Kopanda Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology and Classification
Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally bond fireclay, n—see fireclay, plastic or bond.
approved in 1927. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C71 – 08. DOI:
burn, v—the heat treatment to which refractory materials are
10.1520/C0071-12.
subjected in the firing process.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
burning (firing) of refractories, v—the final heat treatment in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. a kiln to which refractory brick and shapes are subjected in
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C71−12
the process of manufacture for the purpose of developing amounts of accessory minerals and having physical and
bond and other necessary physical and chemical properties. chemical properties suitable for making refractory products.
calcine, calcines, n—refractory material, often fireclay, that
chromia-alumina brick, n—a refractory brick, which may be
has been heated to
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C71–08 Designation: C71 – 12
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C71; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers terms particularly related to refractories and encompasses raw materials, manufacture, finished
products, applications, and testing procedures.
1.2 When any of the definitions in this terminology are quoted or published out of context, editorially insert the limiting phrase
“in refractories” after the dash following the term to properly limit the field of application of the term and definition.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High Alumina Refractory Materials
C181 Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Plastics
C401 Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories
C416 Classification of Silica Refractory Brick
C456 Test Method for Hydration Resistance of Basic Bricks and Shapes
C492 Test Method for Hydration of Granular Dead-Burned Refractory Dolomite
C860 Test Method for Determining the Consistency of Refractory Castable Using the Ball-In-Hand Test
C909 Practice for Dimensions of a Modular Series of Refractory Brick and Shapes
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This terminology ensures that terms peculiar to refractories are adequately defined so that other standards in which such
terms are used can be understood and interpreted properly.
3.2 This terminology is useful to those who are not conversant with the terms related to refractories. However, it is also a ready
reference for those directly associated with refractories to resolve differences and ensure commonality of usage, particularly in the
preparation of ASTM standards.
3.3 Although this terminology is intended to promote uniformity in the usage of terms related to refractories, it can never be
complete because new terms are constantly arising. The existence of this terminology does not preclude the use or misuse of any
term in another context.
4. Terminology
4.1 Definitions:
abrasion of refractories, n—wearing away of refractory surfaces by the scouring action of moving solids.
acid refractories, n— see refractories, acid.
alumina-chromia brick, n—a refractory brick, which may be burned or unburned, manufactured predominantly of a mixture of
a high-alumina raw material and chromic oxide (Cr O ), with the alumina (Al O ) content being 50 % or greater by weight and
2 3 2 3
with chromic oxide (Cr O ) predominating by weight among the other constituent oxides.
2 3
angle of repose, n—the acute angle measured from the horizontal to the slope of a cone-shaped pile of free-flowing material.
anthracite-coal-base carbon refractory , n—see carbon refractory, anthracite-coal-base.
basic refractories, n— see refractories, basic.
bat, v—to reject or discard a brick or shape.
binder, n—a substance added to a granular material to give it workability and green or dry strength.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.92 The Joseph E. Kopanda
Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology and Classification
Current edition approvedApril 1, 2008.2012. Published May 2008.2012. Originally approved in 1927. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 as C71–07.C71 – 08.
DOI: 10.1520/C0071-08.10.1520/C0071-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C71–12
bloating of refractories, v—substantial swelling produced by a heat treatment that causes the formation of a vesicular structure.
bond fireclay, n—see fireclay, plastic or bond.
burn, v—the heat treatment to which refractory materials are subjected in the firing process.
burning (firing) of refractories, v—the final heat treatment in a kiln to which refractory brick and shapes are subjected in the
process of manufacture for the purpose of de
...