ASTM E186-98
(Specification)Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 1/2-in. (51 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 1/2-in. (51 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
SCOPE
Note—This is not a reference radiograph; to purchase the reference radiograph, choose the Critical Adjuncts/Reference Radiographs link at left.
1.1 These reference radiographs are reproductions of original radiographs and are supplied as a means for establishing the categories and severity levels of discontinuities in steel castings that may be revealed by radiographic examination. They may be used in accordance with contractual specifications.
1.2 Radiographs for evaluation are to be compared with these reference radiographs for classification on the basis of the category and severity level of the discontinuity. These reference radiographs are applicable to nominal section thicknesses of 2 to 4 1/2 in. (51 to 114 mm).
1.3 These reference radiographs consist of three separate sets as follows:
1.3.1 1-MV X rays and Iridium-192 radiation (called "1 to 2-MeV X rays" in previous editions).
1.3.2 2-MV X rays and Cobalt-60 (called "gamma rays" in previous editions)-This includes cobalt-60 or equivalent isotope radiation and from 2-MV up to 4-MV X rays.
1.3.3 4-MV to 30-MV X rays (called "10 to 24-MeV X rays" in previous editions).
1.4 Each set is for comparison only with the radiographs produced with equivalent radiation and consists of three categories of graded discontinuities in increasing severity levels, and three categories of ungraded discontinuities furnished as examples only, as follows:
1.4.1 Category A -Gas porosity; severity levels 1 through 5.
1.4.2 Category B -Sand and slag inclusion; severity levels 1 through 5.
1.4.3 Category C -Shrinkage; 3 types:
1.4.3.1 Type 1 -Severity levels 1 through 5.
1.4.3.2 Type 2 -Severity levels 1 through 5.
1.4.3.3 Type 3 -Severity levels 1 through 5.
1.4.4 Category D -Crack; one illustration D3 in pre-1972 documents.
1.4.5 Category E -Hot tear; one illustration D3 in pre-1972 documents.
1.4.6 Category F -Insert; one illustration EB3 in pre-1972 documents.
1.5 The use of this document is not intended to be restricted to the specific energy level or to the absolute thickness limits that are contained in the document title. The title is intended to be descriptive and not restrictive. The document may be used, where there is no other applicable document, for other energy levels or thicknesses, or both, for which it is found to be applicable and for which agreement has been reached between purchaser and manufacturer. Note-The set of reference radiographs consists of the following: Vol1: 1-MV X Rays and Iridium-192 Reference Radiographs -Set of 28 plates (5 by 8 in. (127 by 203 mm)) in a 15 by 17-in. (381 by 432-mm) ring binder. Vol2: 2-MV X Rays and Cobalt-60 Reference Radiographs -Set of 28 plates (5 by 8 in.) in a 15 by 17-in. ring binder. Vol3: 4-MV to 30-MV X Ray Reference Radiographs -Set of 28 plates (5 by 8 in.) in a 15 by 17-in. ring binder.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 186 – 98
Standard Reference Radiographs for
Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2 -in. (51 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 186; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These reference radiographs for heavy-walled steel
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
castings are applicable to nominal section thicknesses of 2 to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4 ⁄2 in. (51 to 114 mm) and consists of three separate sets as
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
follows:
1.1.1 Volume 1: 1–MV X Rays and Iridium 192 (called “1
2. Referenced Documents
to 2–Mev X rays” in previous editions)-Set of 28 plates (5 by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
8 in. (127 by 203 mm) in a 15 by 17 in. (381 by 432 mm) ring
E 94 Guide for Radiographic Testing
binder).
E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
1.1.2 Volume 2: 2–MV X Rays and Cobalt-60 (called
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
“gamma rays” in previous editions). This includes cobalt-60 or
Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2 -in. (51
equivalent isotope radiation and from 2–MV up to 4–MV X
to 114-mm)) Steel Castings:
rays- Set of 28 plates (5 by 8 in.) in a 15 by 17 in. ring binder.
Volume I, 1-MV X Rays and Iridium-192
1.1.3 Volume 3: 4–MV to 30–MV X rays (called “10 to 24
Volume II, 2-MV X Rays and Cobalt-60
Mev X rays” in previous editions)- Set of 28 plates (5 by 8 in.)
Volume III, 4-MV to 30-MV X Rays
in a 15 by 17 in. ring binder.
1.1.4 Each set consists of three categories of graded discon-
3. Terminology
tinuities in increasing severity levels, and three categories of
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this docu-
ungraded discontinuities furnished as examples only, as fol-
ment, see Terminology E 1316, Section D.
lows:
1.1.4.1 Category A—Gas porosity; severity levels 1 through
4. Significance and Use
5.
4.1 These reference radiographs are reproductions of origi-
1.1.4.2 Category B—Sand and slag inclusions; severity
nal radiographs and are supplied as a means for establishing the
levels 1 through 5.
categories and severity levels of discontinuities in steel cast-
1.1.4.3 Category C—Shrinkage; three types:
ings that may be revealed by radiographic examination. They
(1) Type 1— Severity levels 1 through 5.
may be used in accordance with contractual specifications.
(2) Type 2— Severity levels 1 through 5.
4.2 Radiographs for evaluation are to be compared with
(3) Type 3— Severity levels 1 through 5.
these reference radiographs for classification on the basis of the
1.1.4.4 Category D—Crack; one illustration D3 in pre-1972
category and severity level of the discontinuity.
documents.
4.3 The use of this document is not intended to restricted to
1.1.4.5 Category E—Hot tear; one illustration in pre-1972
the specific energy level or to the absolute thickness limits that
documents.
are contained in the document title. The title is intended to be
1.1.4.6 Category F—Insert; one illustration EB3 in pre-
descriptive and not restrictive. The document may be used
1972 documents.
where there is no other applicable document, for other energy
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
levels or thicknesses, or both, for which it is found to be
as the standard.
applicable and for which agreement has been reached between
purchaser and manufacturer.
These reference radiographs are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
E-7 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E07.02 on Reference Radiographs. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
Current edition approved May 10, 1998. Published July 1998. Originally Available from ASTM Headquarters.
published as E 186 – 62 T. Last previous edition E 186 – 93. Order RRE018601.
2 6
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Reference Order RRE018602.
Radiographs SE 186 in Section V of that Code. Order RRE018603.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E186–98
5. Method of Preparation an adjacent film area shall meet the requirements as defined for
acceptability. When the area of interest of a production
5.1 The original radiographs used to prepare the accompa-
radiograph is less than the unit area, such area of interest shall
nying reference radiographs were produced on high contrast,
be prorated to the reference radiographic area.
fine grain film by the respective use of radiation energies stated
in 1.1.3 to 1.1.4.1. The radiographs were made with a penet-
8.4 When two or more categories of discontinuity are
rameter sensitivity as determined by ASTM penetrameters (see
present in the same production radiograph, the predominating
Guide E 94) of 2-2T. The reproductions have been prepared to
discontinuities, if unacceptable, shall govern without regard to
an H and D density of from 2.00 to 2.25 and they have retained
the other categories of discontinuities, and the casting rejected
substantially the contrast of the original radiographs.
until satisfactorily repaired.
5.2 Film Deterioration—Radiographic films are subject to
8.5 When two or more categories of discontinuity are
wear and tear from handling and use. The extent to which the
present to an extent equal to the maximum permissible level as
image deteriorates over time is a function of storage condi-
shown in the pertinent standards for each category, then that
tions, care in handling and amount of use. Reference radio-
part of the casting shall be judged unacceptable until satisfac-
graph films are no exception and may exhibit a loss in image
torily repaired.
quality over
...
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