ASTM D4194-03

Standard Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration desalinating devices can be used to produce potable water from brackish supplies (10 000 mg/L) and seawater as well as to upgrade the quality of industrial water. These test methods permit the measurement of the performance of reverse osmosis devices using standard sets of conditions and are intended for short-term testing (24 h). These test methods can be used to determine changes that may have occurred in the operating characteristics of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration devices but are not intended to be used for plant design.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the operating characteristics of reverse osmosis devices using standard test conditions and are not necessarily applicable to natural waters. Three test methods are given, as follows:SectionsTest Method A—Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis Devices8-13Test Method B—Nanofiltration Devices14-19Test Method C—Seawater Reverse Osmosis Devices20-25
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-2003
• ICS: 71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.08 - Membranes and Ion Exchange Materials

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4194-95(2001) - Standard Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Reverse Osmosis Devices
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D4194-03(2008) - Standard Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
• Effective Date: 01-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D4692-01(2017) - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of Sulfate Scaling Salts (CaSO<inf >4</inf>, SrSO<inf>4</inf>, and BaSO<inf>4</inf>) for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D3739-19 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D4582-23 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability Index for Reverse Osmosis
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D4195-23 - Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Application
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D3923-23 - Standard Practices for Detecting Leaks in Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5615-21 - Standard Practice for Operating Characteristics of Home Reverse Osmosis Devices
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D4516-19a - Standard Practice for Standardizing Reverse Osmosis Performance Data
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7601-19 - Standard Practice for Pressure Driven Membrane Separation Element/Bundle Evaluation
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6807-17 - Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Continuous Electrodeionization Systems on Reverse Osmosis Permeates from<brk/>2 to 100 &#x3bc;S/cm
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 4194 – 03
Standard Test Methods for
Operating Characteristics of Reverse Osmosis and
1
Nanofiltration Devices
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Methods
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the 4.1 Thesetestmethodsconsistofdeterminingthedesalinat-
operating characteristics of reverse osmosis devices using ing ability and permeate flow rate of reverse osmosis and
standard test conditions and are not necessarily applicable to nanofiltration devices. They are applicable to both new and
natural waters. Three test methods are given, as follows: used reverse osmosis or nanofiltration devices.
5. Significance and Use
Sections
5.1 Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration desalinating devices
Test Method A—Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis De- 8-13
can be used to produce potable water from brackish supplies
vices
(<10000 mg/L) and seawater as well as to upgrade the quality
Test Method B—Nanofiltration Devices 14-19
Test Method B—Seawater Reverse Osmosis Devices 20-25
ofindustrialwater.Thesetestmethodspermitthemeasurement
of the performance of reverse osmosis devices using standard
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sets of conditions and are intended for short-term testing (<24
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
h). These test methods can be used to determine changes that
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
may have occurred in the operating characteristics of reverse
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
osmosis and nanofiltration devices but are not intended to be
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
used for plant design.
2. Referenced Documents
6. Reagents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
D 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
D 1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Re-
2
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
sistivity of Water
2
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
4
2
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
D 6161 Terminology Used for Crossflow Microfiltration,
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Mem-
3
accuracy of the determination.
brane Processes
6.2 Purity of Water—Unlessotherwiseindicated,references
3. Terminology
to water shall be understood to mean Type III reagent con-
forming to Specification D1193.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test
methods, refer to Terminology D1129 and D6161.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
4
Water, and are the direct responsibilities of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
and Ion Exchange Materials. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4194–95(2001). Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02. MD.
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D 4194 – 03
7. Apparatus degrease or both, before use. All pressurized components
whether stainless steel or plastic should be designed based on
7.1 The apparatus for both methods is schematically de-
the manufacturer’s working pressure rating. Review manufac-
scribed in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.Aconductivity meter can be used
turer’s rating for compliance with standard engineering prac-
to determine the salt concentration in accordance with Test
tice.
Methods D1125.
7.2.2 The reverse osmosis testing apparatus, represented
7.2 Installation:
7.2.1 Materials of construction shall be of high-quality schematically in Fig. 1 using a centrifugal pump, consists of a
feed holding tank equipped with a thermostated heat ex-
stainle
...