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ASTM C4-04(2018)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Drain Tile

Standard Specification for Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Drain Tile

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance, prior to installation, of drain tile and perforated drain tile to be used for underdrainage, filter fields, leaching fields, and similar subdrainage installations.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the Test Methods portion of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Attention is called to Test Methods C301 and Terminology C896.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2018
ICS
91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
Technical Committee
C04 - Vitrified Clay Pipe
Drafting Committee
C04.20 - Methods of Test and Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C4-04(2014) - Standard Specification for Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Drain Tile
Effective Date
01-Sep-2018
Replaced By
ASTM C4-04(2023) - Standard Specification for Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Drain Tile
Effective Date
01-Oct-2023
Refers
ASTM C896-17a - Standard Terminology Relating to Clay Products
Effective Date
01-Dec-2017
Refers
ASTM C896-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Clay Products
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017
Refers
ASTM C896-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Clay Products
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015
Refers
ASTM C896-14 - Standard Terminology Relating to Clay Products
Effective Date
01-Sep-2014
Refers
ASTM C896-13 - Standard Terminology Relating to Clay Products
Effective Date
01-Dec-2013
Refers
ASTM C301-13 - Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Refers
ASTM C896-11 - Standard Terminology Relating to Clay Products
Effective Date
01-Nov-2011
Refers
ASTM C896-04(2009) - Standard Terminology Relating to Clay Products
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Refers
ASTM C301-04(2009) - Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Refers
ASTM C896-04 - Standard Terminology Relating to Clay Products
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Refers
ASTM C301-04 - Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Refers
ASTM C301-98(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
Effective Date
01-Nov-2003
Refers
ASTM C896-02 - Standard Terminology Relating to Clay Products
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C4 −04 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Specification for
1
Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Drain Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C4; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1 Clay, fire clay, shale,and surface clayareasdefinedin
Terminology C896.
1.1 Thisspecificationestablishesthecriteriaforacceptance,
3.1.2 Within this specification, the terms tile, drain tile, and
prior to installation, of drain tile and perforated drain tile to be
clay drain tile are synonyms.
usedforunderdrainage,filterfields,leachingfields,andsimilar
subdrainage installations.
4. Classification
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 Four classes of clay drain tile are specified:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.1.1 Standard.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4.1.2 Extra Quality.
and are not considered standard.
4.1.3 Heavy Duty.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the 4.1.4 Extra Strength.
Test Methods portion of this specification: This standard does
4.2 Drain tile of a higher strength classification than that
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
specified by the purchaser may be furnished by the seller,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
provided the substituted drain tile meets the physical require-
standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environ-
ments of the class specified.
mental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
5. Materials and Manufacture
limitations prior to use.
5.1 Drain tile shall be manufactured from clay, fire clay,
NOTE 1—Attention is called to Test Methods C301 and Terminology
shale, surface clay, or a combination of these materials, that,
C896.
when formed into tile and fired to suitable temperatures, yields
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
a product that conforms to this specification.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
6. Physical Properties
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
6.1 Drain tile shall meet the physical test requirements for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the class, as specified in Table 1.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6.2 Themaximumwaterabsorption(5-hboiling)shallbeas
2. Referenced Documents
follows:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Average, % Individual, %
Standard 13 16
C301Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
Extra Quality 11 13
C896Terminology Relating to Clay Products
Heavy Duty 11 13
Extra Strength 11 13
3. Terminology
6.3 The requirements for water absorption (5–h boiling)
3.1 Definitions:
shallbewaived,providedthattestspecimensmeettherequire-
ments of the freezing and thawing test, Section 13, of this
1 specification
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on
Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on
7. Sizes and Perforations
Methods of Test and Specifications.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originally
7.1 The size of drain tile shall be designated by inside
approved in 1914. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C4–04 (2014). DOI:
diameter. Not all sizes and strengths may be available from all
10.1520/C0004-04R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or manufacturers.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.2 The minimum length of drain tile smaller than 10 in.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. (255 mm) diameter shall be approximately 12 in. (305 mm).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C4−04 (2018)
TABLE 1 Physical Test Requirements for Clay Drain Tile
Standard Extra Quality Heavy Duty Extra Strength
Internal
A A A A
Diameter Minimum Crushing Strength, Minimum Crushing Strength, Minimum Crushing Strength, Minimum Crushing Strength,
lbf/linear ft (kN/m) lbf/linear ft (kN/m) lbf/linear ft (kN/m) lbf/linear ft (kN/m)
of Tile,
in.
Average Individual Average Individual Average Individual Average Individual
1
3 ⁄2 800 (12)
...

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C4 − 04 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Specification for
1
Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Drain Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C4; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1 Clay, fire clay, shale, and surface clay are as defined in
Terminology C896.
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance,
3.1.2 Within this specification, the terms tile, drain tile, and
prior to installation, of drain tile and perforated drain tile to be
clay drain tile are synonyms.
used for underdrainage, filter fields, leaching fields, and similar
subdrainage installations.
4. Classification
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 Four classes of clay drain tile are specified:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.1.1 Standard.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4.1.2 Extra Quality.
and are not considered standard.
4.1.3 Heavy Duty.
4.1.4 Extra Strength.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
Test Methods portion of this specification: This standard does
4.2 Drain tile of a higher strength classification than that
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
specified by the purchaser may be furnished by the seller,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
provided the substituted drain tile meets the physical require-
standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environ-
ments of the class specified.
mental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
5. Materials and Manufacture
limitations prior to use.
5.1 Drain tile shall be manufactured from clay, fire clay,
NOTE 1—Attention is called to Test Methods C301 and Terminology
shale, surface clay, or a combination of these materials, that,
C896.
when formed into tile and fired to suitable temperatures, yields
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
a product that conforms to this specification.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
6. Physical Properties
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
6.1 Drain tile shall meet the physical test requirements for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the class, as specified in Table 1.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6.2 The maximum water absorption (5-h boiling) shall be as
2. Referenced Documents
follows:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Average, % Individual, %
Standard 13 16
C301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
Extra Quality 11 13
C896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products
Heavy Duty 11 13
Extra Strength 11 13
3. Terminology
6.3 The requirements for water absorption (5–h boiling)
3.1 Definitions:
shall be waived, provided that test specimens meet the require-
ments of the freezing and thawing test, Section 13, of this
1
specification
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on
Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on
7. Sizes and Perforations
Methods of Test and Specifications.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originally
7.1 The size of drain tile shall be designated by inside
approved in 1914. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C4 – 04 (2014). DOI:
diameter. Not all sizes and strengths may be available from all
10.1520/C0004-04R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or manufacturers.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.2 The minimum length of drain tile smaller than 10 in.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. (255 mm) diameter shall be approximately 12 in. (305 mm).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C4 − 04 (2018)
TABLE 1 Physical Test Requirements for Clay Drain Tile
Standard Extra Quality Heavy Duty Extra Strength
Internal
A A A A
Diameter
Minimum Crushing Strength, Minimum Crushing Strength, Minimum Crushing Strength, Minimum Crushing Strength,
lbf/linear ft (kN/m) lbf/linear ft (kN/m) lbf/linear ft (kN/m) lbf/linear ft (kN/m)
of Tile,
in.
Average Individual Average Individual Average Individual Average Individual
1
3 ⁄2 800 (12) 680 (10) 1100 (16) 990 (14) 1400 (20) 1260 (18) 2000 (29) 1800 (
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C4 − 04 (Reapproved 2014) C4 − 04 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Specification for
1
Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Drain Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C4; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance, prior to installation, of drain tile and perforated drain tile to be used
for underdrainage, filter fields, leaching fields, and similar subdrainage installations.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the Test Methods portion of this specification: This standard does not
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—Attention is called to Test Methods C301 and Terminology C896.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
C896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Clay, fire clay, shale, and surface clay are as defined in Terminology C896.
3.1.2 Within this specification, the terms tile, drain tile, and clay drain tile are synonyms.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Clay, fire clay, shale, and surface clay are as defined in Terminology C896.
3.1.2 Within this specification, the terms tile, drain tile, and clay drain tile are synonyms.
4. Classification
4.1 Four classes of clay drain tile are specified:
4.1.1 Standard.
4.1.2 Extra Quality.
4.1.3 Heavy Duty.
4.1.4 Extra Strength.
4.2 Drain tile of a higher strength classification than that specified by the purchaser may be furnished by the seller, provided
the substituted drain tile meets the physical requirements of the class specified.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods of Test
and Specifications.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2014September 2018. Originally approved in 1914. Last previous edition approved in 20092014
as C4 – 04 (2009).(2014). DOI: 10.1520/C0004-04R14.10.1520/C0004-04R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C4 − 04 (2018)
TABLE 1 Physical Test Requirements for Clay Drain Tile
Standard Extra Quality Heavy Duty Extra Strength
Internal
A A A A
Diameter Minimum Crushing Strength, Minimum Crushing Strength, Minimum Crushing Strength, Minimum Crushing Strength,
lbf/linear ft (kN/m) lbf/linear ft (kN/m) lbf/linear ft (kN/m) lbf/linear ft (kN/m)
of Tile,
in.
Average Individual Average Individual Average Individual Average Individual
1
3 ⁄2 800 (12) 680 (10) 1100 (16) 990 (14) 1400 (20) 1260 (18) 2000 (29) 1800 (26)
4 800 (12) 680 (10) 1100 (16) 990 (14) 1400 (20) 1260 (18) 2000 (29) 1800 (26)
5 800 (12) 680 (10) 1100 (16) 990 (14) 1400 (20) 1260 (18) 2000 (29) 1800 (26)
6 800 (12) 680 (10) 1100 (16) 990 (14) 1400 (20) 1260 (18) 2000 (29) 1800 (26)
8 800 (12) 680 (10) 1100 (16) 990 (14) 1500 (22) 1350 (20) 2140 (31) 1920 (28)
10 800 (12) 680 (10) 1100 (16) 990 (14) 1550 (23) 1400 (20) 2200 (32) 1980 (29)
12 800 (12) 680 (10) 1100 (16) 990 (14) 1700 (25) 1530 (22) 2420 (35) 2170 (32)
14 8
...

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This practice covers the minimum requirements for installing clay flue lining for residential concrete or masonry chimneys. Footings shall be constructed of concrete or solid masonry and the foundation shall be placed with respect to adjacent structures to minimize the possibility of damage. Both the concrete footings and foundations shall conform to local building codes. Flue liners shall be installed using refractory mortar in such a manner as to minimize ledges or steps within the flue passageway and shall be surrounded by masonry on all sides with a separation not exceeding the flue liner wall thickness. Materials used for chimney construction shall comprise of the following: flue linings, refractory mortar, concrete block, brick, mortar, firebrick, and natural stone. Chimney connection shall be made by either a metal or clay thimble while the chimney caps shall be made of precast or cast-in-place concrete, metal, or stone caps. Combustible materials shall be permitted to abut the masonry chimney sidewalls; wherein, the minimum air space clearance between the interior or exterior masonry chimneys and the combustible materials shall be met.
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the relative resistance of magnesia grain to hydration.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8021-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Blast Furnace and Steel Furnace Slag as Produced During the Manufacture of Iron and Steel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag is produced during a variety of processes in the manufacture of iron and steel.  
4.2 Slag can be considered a product based on the mineralogy of samples that are tested using X-ray diffraction, phase recognition and characterization, powdered XRD-Rietveld analysis, and SEM-PARC results, using this guide.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is intended to provide guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag, produced during the manufacture of iron and steel, is designated as a product. The included information covers the mineral properties of blast furnace slag and steel slag when they are manufactured in conjunction with the production of iron or steel, or both (Note 1).  
Note 1: This guide is not intended to be used to determine the applicability of iron or steel slag, or both, for various applications. Terminology D8 designates steel slag as a product, while Terminology C125 designates blast furnace slag as a product. Its sole intent is to provide guidance as to the typical mineralogy when the iron or steel slag, or both, is designated as a product.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units are utilized in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) should not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Guide
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ASTM
ASTM C831-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Residual Carbon, Apparent Residual Carbon, and Apparent Carbon Yield in Coked Carbon-Containing Brick and Shapes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods are designed for use with carbon-containing products. The residual carbon content of a coked carbon-containing brick or shape is an indication of how much carbon may be available, in service, to resist slag attack on, or oxidation loss of, that body. Apparent carbon yield gives an estimate of the relative efficiency of the total carbonaceous matter to be retained as residual carbon.  
3.2 Residual carbon has a direct bearing on several properties of a pitch or resin-containing refractory, such as ignited porosity, density, strength, and thermal conductivity.  
3.3 These test methods are suitable for product development, manufacturing control, and specification acceptance.  
3.4 These test methods are very sensitive to specimen size, coking rates, etc.; therefore, strict compliance with these test methods is critical.  
3.5 Appreciable amounts of reducible components, such as Fe2O3, will have a noticeable effect on the results. Thus, values obtained by these test methods will be different when brick removed from service is tested. This must be kept in mind when attempting to use these test methods in an absolute sense.  
3.6 Oxidizable components such as metals and carbides can have a noticeable effect on the results. This must be kept in mind when using the second procedure, which is based on measuring weight loss after igniting the coked specimens.  
3.7 Testing of brick or shapes that contain magnesium metal presents special problems since this metal is highly volatile and substantial amounts of the magnesium can be lost from the sample during the coking procedure. This must be kept in mind when interpreting the results of testing of brick that contains magnesium. In addition, magnesium can react readily with atmospheric humidity. This must be kept in mind when storing brick that contains magnesium.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of residual carbon content in carbon-bearing brick and shapes after a prescribed coking treatment. They provide two procedures. The first procedure is based on the combustion of carbon and its measurement as carbon dioxide. However, when using the first procedure for articles that contain silicon carbide or other carbides, no distinction will be made between carbon present in the form of a carbide and carbon present as elemental carbon. The second procedure provides a method for calculating apparent residual carbon (on the basis of weight loss after igniting the coked specimens), apparent carbonaceous material content, and apparent carbon yield. If the second procedure is used for brick or shapes that contain metallic additives or carbides, it must be recognized that there will be a weight gain associated with the oxidation of the metals, or carbides, or both. Such a weight gain can change the results substantially, and this must be kept in mind when interpreting the data.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1526-19(2023)e1(Specification)
Standard Specification for Serpentine Dimension Stone

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material characteristics, physical requirements, and sampling methods appropriate for the selection of serpentine (serpentine marble) dimension stone for general building and structural purposes. Dimension serpentine shall include stone that is sawed, cut, split, or otherwise finished or shaped, and shall specifically exclude molded, cast, or otherwise artificially aggregated units composed of fragments, and also crushed and broken stone. The physical property requirements to which serpentine stones shall adhere to are absorption by weight, density, compressive strength, modulus of rupture, abrasion resistance, and flexural strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the material characteristics, physical requirements, and sampling appropriate for the selection of serpentine (serpentine marble) for general building and structural purposes. Refer to Guides C1242 and C1528 for the appropriate selection and use of serpentine dimension stone.  
1.2 Dimension serpentine shall include stone that is sawed, cut, split, or otherwise finished or shaped and shall specifically exclude molded, cast, or otherwise artificially aggregated units composed of fragments, and also crushed and broken stone.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C4-04(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Drain Tile

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance, prior to installation, of drain tile and perforated drain tile to be used for underdrainage, filter fields, leaching fields, and similar subdrainage installations.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the Test Methods portion of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Attention is called to Test Methods C301 and Terminology C896.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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