ASTM D5116-10
(Guide)Standard Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber Determinations of Organic Emissions From Indoor Materials/Products
Standard Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber Determinations of Organic Emissions From Indoor Materials/Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Objectives—The use of small chambers to evaluate organic emissions from indoor materials has several objectives:
Develop techniques for screening of products for organic emissions;
Determine the effect of environmental variables (that is, temperature, humidity, air exchange) on emission rates;
Rank various products and product types with respect to their emissions profiles (for example, emission factors, specific organic compounds emitted);
Provide compound-specific data on various organic sources to guide field studies and assist in evaluating indoor air quality in buildings;
Provide emissions data for the development and verification of models used to predict indoor concentrations of organic compounds; and
Develop data useful to manufacturers and builders for assessing product emissions and developing control options or improved products.
Mass Transfer Considerations—Small chamber evaluation of emissions from indoor materials requires consideration of the relevant mass transfer processes. Three fundamental processes control the rate of emissions of organic vapors from indoor materials; evaporative mass transfer from the surface of the material to the overlying air, desorption of adsorbed compounds, and diffusion within the material. For more information, refer to Bird, Stewart, and Lightfoot (1960) and Bennett and Myers (1962) in X1.1.
The evaporative mass transfer of a given organic compound from the surface of the material to the overlying air can be expressed as:
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidance on determination of emissions of organic compounds from indoor materials and products using small-scale environmental test chambers.
1.2 This guide pertains to chambers that fully enclose a material specimen to be tested and does not address other emission chamber designs such as emission cells (see instead Practice D7143).
1.3 As an ASTM standard, this guide describes options, but does not recommend specific courses of action. This guide is not a standard test method and must not be construed as such.
1.4 The use of small environmental test chambers to characterize the organic emissions of indoor materials and products is still evolving. Modifications and variations in equipment, testing procedures, and data analysis are made as the work in the area progresses. For several indoor materials, more detailed ASTM standards for emissions testing have now been developed. Where more detailed ASTM standard practices or methods exist, they supersede this guide and should be used in its place. Until the interested parties agree upon standard testing protocols, differences in approach will occur. This guide will continue to provide assistance by describing equipment and techniques suitable for determining organic emissions from indoor materials. Specific examples are provided to illustrate existing approaches; these examples are not intended to inhibit alternative approaches or techniques that will produce equivalent or superior results.
1.5 Small chambers have obvious limitations. Normally, only samples of larger materials (for example, carpet) are tested. Small chambers are not applicable for testing complete assemblages (for example, furniture). Small chambers are also inappropriate for testing combustion devices (for example, kerosene heaters) or activities (for example, use of aerosol spray products). For some products, small chamber testing may provide only a portion of the emission profile of interest. For example, the rate of emissions from the application of high solvent materials (for example, paints and waxes) via brushing, spraying, rolling, etc. are generally higher than the rate during the drying process. Small chamber testing can not be used to evaluate the application phase of the coating process. Large (or full-scale) chambers may be more appropriate for many of these applications. For guidance on full-scale chamber testing of emissions from indoor materials ...
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Designation: D5116 − 10
Standard Guide for
Small-Scale Environmental Chamber Determinations of
1
Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5116; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope example, the rate of emissions from the application of high
solventmaterials(forexample,paintsandwaxes)viabrushing,
1.1 This guide provides guidance on determination of emis-
spraying, rolling, etc. are generally higher than the rate during
sions of organic compounds from indoor materials and prod-
the drying process. Small chamber testing can not be used to
ucts using small-scale environmental test chambers.
evaluatetheapplicationphaseofthecoatingprocess.Large(or
1.2 This guide pertains to chambers that fully enclose a
full-scale) chambers may be more appropriate for many of
material specimen to be tested and does not address other
these applications. For guidance on full-scale chamber testing
emission chamber designs such as emission cells (see instead
of emissions from indoor materials refer to Practice D6670.
Practice D7143).
1.6 This guider does not provide specific guidance for the
1.3 As anASTM standard, this guide describes options, but
selection of sampling media or for the analysis of volatile
does not recommend specific courses of action. This guide is
organics. This information is provided in Practice D6196.
not a standard test method and must not be construed as such.
1.7 The guide does not provide specific guidance for deter-
1.4 The use of small environmental test chambers to char-
mining emissions of formaldehyde from pressed wood
acterizetheorganicemissionsofindoormaterialsandproducts
is still evolving. Modifications and variations in equipment, products, since large chamber testing methods for such emis-
testing procedures, and data analysis are made as the work in sions are well developed and widely used. For more informa-
theareaprogresses.Forseveralindoormaterials,moredetailed
tion refer to Test Method E1333. It is possible, however, that
ASTM standards for emissions testing have now been devel- the guide could be used to support alternative testing methods.
oped. Where more detailed ASTM standard practices or
1.8 This guide is applicable to the determination of emis-
methods exist, they supersede this guide and should be used in
sions from products and materials that may be used indoors.
its place. Until the interested parties agree upon standard
The effects of the emissions (for example, toxicity) are not
testingprotocols,differencesinapproachwilloccur.Thisguide
addressedandarebeyondthescopeoftheguide.GuideD6485
will continue to provide assistance by describing equipment
provides an example of the assessment of acute and irritant
and techniques suitable for determining organic emissions
effectsofVOCemissionsforagivenmaterial.Specificationof
from indoor materials. Specific examples are provided to
“target” organic species of concern is similarly beyond the
illustrate existing approaches; these examples are not intended
scope of this guide. As guideline levels for specific indoor
to inhibit alternative approaches or techniques that will pro-
contaminants develop, so too will emission test protocols to
duce equivalent or superior results.
provide relevant information. Emissions databases and mate-
1.5 Small chambers have obvious limitations. Normally,
rial labeling schemes will also be expected to adjust to reflect
only samples of larger materials (for example, carpet) are
the current state of knowledge.
tested. Small chambers are not applicable for testing complete
assemblages (for example, furniture). Small chambers are also 1.9 Specifics related to the acquisition, handling,
inappropriate for testing combustion devices (for example, conditioning, preparation, and testing of individual test speci-
kerosene heaters) or activities (for example, use of aerosol
mens may vary depending on particular study objectives.
sprayproducts).Forsomeproducts,smallchambertestingmay Guidelines for these aspects of emissions testing are provided
provide only a portion of the emission profile of interest. For
here, specific direction is not mandated. The purpose of this
guide is to increase the awareness of the user to available
techniques for evaluating organic emissions from indoor
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality
materials/products via small chamber testing, to identify the
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
essential aspects of emissions testing that must be controlled
Cu
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5116–06 Designation: D5116 – 10
Standard Guide for
Small-Scale Environmental Chamber Determinations of
1
Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5116; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides guidance on determination of emissions of organic compounds from indoor materials and products
using small-scale environmental test chambers.
1.2 This guide pertains to chambers that fully enclose a material specimen to be tested and does not address other emission
chamber designs such as emission cells (see instead Practice D7143).
1.3 As anASTM standard, this guide describes options, but does not recommend specific courses of action. This guide is not
a standard test method and must not be construed as such.
1.4 Theuseofsmallenvironmentaltestchamberstocharacterizetheorganicemissionsofindoormaterialsandproductsisstill
evolving. Modifications and variations in equipment, testing procedures, and data analysis are made as the work in the area
progresses. For several indoor materials, more detailedASTM standards for emissions testing have now been developed. Where
more detailed ASTM standard practices or methods exist, they supersede this guide and should be used in its place. Until the
interested parties agree upon standard testing protocols, differences in approach will occur. This guide will continue to provide
assistance by describing equipment and techniques suitable for determining organic emissions from indoor materials. Specific
examples are provided to illustrate existing approaches; these examples are not intended to inhibit alternative approaches or
techniques that will produce equivalent or superior results.
1.5 Smallchambershaveobviouslimitations.Normally,onlysamplesoflargermaterials(forexample,carpet)aretested.Small
chambers are not applicable for testing complete assemblages (for example, furniture). Small chambers are also inappropriate for
testing combustion devices (for example, kerosene heaters) or activities (for example, use of aerosol spray products). For some
products, small chamber testing may provide only a portion of the emission profile of interest. For example, the rate of emissions
from the application of high solvent materials (for example, paints and waxes) via brushing, spraying, rolling, etc. are generally
higher than the rate during the drying process. Small chamber testing can not be used to evaluate the application phase of the
coatingprocess.Large(orfull-scale)chambersmaybemoreappropriateformanyoftheseapplications.Forguidanceonfull-scale
chamber testing of emissions from indoor materials refer to Practice D6670.
1.6 This guider does not provide specific guidance for the selection of sampling media or for the analysis of volatile organics.
This information is provided in Practice D6196.
1.7 Theguidedoesnotprovidespecificguidancefordeterminingemissionsofformaldehydefrompressedwoodproducts,since
largechambertestingmethodsforsuchemissionsarewelldevelopedandwidelyused.FormoreinformationrefertoTestMethod
E1333. It is possible, however, that the guide could be used to support alternative testing methods.
1.8 Thisguideisapplicabletothedeterminationofemissionsfromproductsandmaterialsthatmaybeusedindoors.Theeffects
oftheemissions(forexample,toxicity)arenotaddressedandarebeyondthescopeoftheguide.GuideD6485providesanexample
of the assessment of acute and irritant effects of VOC emissions for a given material. Specification of “target” organic species of
concern is similarly beyond the scope of this guide. As guideline levels for specific indoor contaminants develop, so too will
emission test protocols to provide relevant information. Emissions databases and material labeling schemes will also be expected
to adjust to reflect the current state of knowledge.
1.9 Specifics related to the acquisition, handling, conditioning, preparation, and testing of individual test specimens may vary
depending on particular study objectives. Guidelines for these aspects of emissions testing are provided here, specific direction is
not mandated. The purpose of this guide is to increase the awareness of the user to available techniques for evaluating organic
emissionsfromindoormaterials/productsviasmallchambertesting,toidentifytheessenti
...
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