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ASTM A394-08(2024)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts, Zinc-Coated and Bare

Standard Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts, Zinc-Coated and Bare

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements of hexagon and square-head zinc-coated steel bolts and atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolts for use in the construction of transmission towers, substations, and similar steel structures. The following types of bolts are: Type 0 includes hot-dip zinc-coated bolts made of low or medium carbon steel, Type 1 includes hot-dip zinc-coated bolts made of medium carbon steel, quenched and tempered, Type 2, and Type 3 includes bare, quenched, and tempered bolts made of weathering steel. Steel for the manufacture of bolts shall be made by any of the following processes: open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen. Type 1 bolts produced from medium carbon steel shall be quenched in a liquid medium from above the austenizing temperature. Type 1 bolts produced from medium carbon steel to which chromium, nickel, molybdenum, or boron were intentionally added shall be quenched only in oil from above the austenitizing temperature. Type 3 bolts shall be quenched only in oil from above the austenitizing temperature. Cold-headed Type 0 bolts shall be stress relief annealed before zinc coating to remove cold work effects such that the hardness measured anywhere on the surface or through the cross-section shall meet the requirement specified. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following mechanical properties of bolts: hardness, tensile strength, and shear strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements of hexagon and square-head zinc-coated steel bolts and atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolts, in nominal thread diameters of 1/2 , 5/8 , 3/4 , 7/8 and 1 in. for use in the construction of transmission towers, substations, and similar steel structures. The various types of bolts covered in this specification are:  
1.1.1 Type 0—Hot-dip zinc-coated bolts made of low or medium carbon steel.  
1.1.2 Type 1—Hot-dip zinc-coated bolts made of medium carbon steel, quenched and tempered.  
1.1.3 Type 2—Withdrawn in 2005.  
1.1.4 Type 3—Bare (uncoated), quenched and tempered bolts made of weathering steel.  
1.2 Annex A1 of this specification covers hot-dip zinc-coated steel ladder bolts, step bolts, and support-equipment bolts.  
1.3 Nuts and washers that are supplied under this specification that are hot-dip zinc coated shall be in accordance with 4.4.  
1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Dec-2023
ICS
21.060.10 - Bolts, screws, studs
29.240.20 - Power transmission and distribution lines
Technical Committee
F16 - Fasteners
Drafting Committee
F16.02 - Steel Bolts, Studs and Nuts
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A394-08(2015) - Standard Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts, Zinc-Coated and Bare
Effective Date
01-Jan-2024
Refers
ASTM F1470-24 - Standard Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance Inspection
Effective Date
01-Jan-2024
Refers
ASTM F1470-19 - Standard Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance Inspection
Effective Date
01-Aug-2019
Referred By
ASTM F2329/F2329M-15(2023) - Standard Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts, Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners
Effective Date
01-Jan-2024
Referred By
ASTM A563/A563M-23 - Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts (Inch and Metric)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2024
Referred By
ASTM F606/F606M-21 - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
Effective Date
01-Jan-2024

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ASTM A394-08(2024) - Standard Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts, Zinc-Coated and BareASTM A394-08(2024) - Standard Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts, Zinc-Coated and Bare
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ASTM A394-08(2024) - Standard Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts, Zinc-Coated and Bare
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A394 − 08 (Reapproved 2024)
Standard Specification for
1
Steel Transmission Tower Bolts, Zinc-Coated and Bare
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A394; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This specification covers the chemical and mechanical
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
requirements of hexagon and square-head zinc-coated steel
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
bolts and atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolts, in nominal
1 5 3 7
thread diameters of ⁄2, ⁄8, ⁄4 , ⁄8 and 1 in. for use in the
2. Referenced Documents
construction of transmission towers, substations, and similar
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
steel structures. The various types of bolts covered in this
A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts (Metric)
specification are:
A0563_A0563M
1.1.1 Type 0—Hot-dip zinc-coated bolts made of low or
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
medium carbon steel.
F436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers (Metric)
1.1.2 Type 1—Hot-dip zinc-coated bolts made of medium
F0436_F0436M
carbon steel, quenched and tempered.
F606/F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical
1.1.3 Type 2—Withdrawn in 2005.
Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded
1.1.4 Type 3—Bare (uncoated), quenched and tempered
Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
bolts made of weathering steel.
F788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities of
1.2 Annex A1 of this specification covers hot-dip zinc-
Bolts, Screws, Studs, and Rivets, Inch and Metric Series
coated steel ladder bolts, step bolts, and support-equipment
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-
bolts.
chanical Properties and Performance Inspection
1.3 Nuts and washers that are supplied under this specifica-
F1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
tion that are hot-dip zinc coated shall be in accordance with
F2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-
4.4.
ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,
Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners
1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-
G101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Re-
nology F1789.
sistance of Low-Alloy Steels
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3
2.2 ASME Standards:
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
B1.1 Unified Screw Threads
standard.
B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
B18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan-
test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification. This
dard for B18 Fastener Products
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
3. Ordering Information
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
3.1 Orders for products under this specification shall include
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
the following:
regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1 Quantity (number of bolts and accessories).
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Studs and Nuts. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2024. Published January 2024. Originally Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A394 – 08 (2015). International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
DOI: 10.1520/A0394-08R24. www.asme.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A394 − 08 (2024)
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The principle use of this procedure is for the comparison of the brightness between batches of fluorescent penetrants compared to a specified standard, as a batch quality control test.  
5.2 The procedure is also utilized in monitoring the brightness of an in-use penetrant against the brightness of the unused sample of the same material.  
5.3 The significance of the results are not absolute values but rather relative comparisons at a point in time, by a particular laboratory or operator on the specified fluorometer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the techniques for comparing the brightness of the penetrants used in the fluorescent dye penetrant process. This comparison is performed under controlled conditions that eliminate most of the variables present in actual penetrant examination. Thus, the brightness factor is isolated and is measured independently of the other factors which affect the performance of a penetrant system.  
1.2 The brightness of a penetrant indication is affected by the developer with which it is used. This test method, however, measures the brightness of a penetrant on a convenient filter paper substrate which serves as a substitute for the developer.  
1.3 The brightness measurement obtained is color-corrected to approximate the color response of the average human eye. Since most examinations are done by human eyes, this number has more practical value than a measurement in units of energy emitted. Also, the comparisons are expressed as a percentage of some chosen standard penetrant because no absolute system of measurement exists at this time.  
1.4 The measurements made by this standard compare the brightness of a candidate penetrant to that of a standard penetrant when tested according to the technique. There is no known correlation between the results obtained and the brightness of actual flaw indications obtained using the penetrant in inspection.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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