ASTM C242-01

Standard Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology pertains to the terminology used in ceramic whitewares and related products.  
1.2 Words adequately defined in standard dictionaries are not included. Included are words that are peculiar to this industry. Double words, hyphenated words, or phrases are listed alphabetically under the first word; additional important words are cross-referenced.
1.3 For definitions of terms relating to surface imperfections on ceramics, refer to Terminology F109.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-2001
• ICS: 01.040.81 - Glass and ceramics industries (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 81.060.20 - Ceramic products
• ICS: 97.040.60 - Cookware, cutlery and flatware
• Technical Committee: C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
• Drafting Committee: C21.01 - Editorial and Terminology

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C242-00a - Standard Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Replaced By: ASTM C242-01(2007) - Standard Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM F109-21 - Standard Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on Ceramics
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C501-21 - Standard Test Method for Relative Resistance to Wear of Unglazed Ceramic Tile by the Taber Abraser
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C958-92(2022) - Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz by X-Ray Monitoring of Gravity Sedimentation
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C609-20 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Light Reflectance Value and Small Color Differences Between Pieces of Ceramic Tile
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM F2107-08(2020) - Standard Guide for Construction and Maintenance of Skinned Areas on Baseball and Softball Fields
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D2442-75(2020) - Standard Specification for Alumina Ceramics for Electrical and Electronic Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1243-93(2015)e2 - Standard Test Method for Relative Resistance to Deep Abrasive Wear of Unglazed Ceramic Tile by Rotating Disc
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM F1877-16 - Standard Practice for Characterization of Particles
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E284-22 - Standard Terminology of Appearance
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM G40-22a - Standard Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1510-01(2020) - Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged Spectrophotometry
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1505-15(2022) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Breaking Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Ceramic Tiles and Glass Tiles by Three-Point Loading
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C485-16 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Warpage of Ceramic Tile
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C242–01
Standard Terminology of
1
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 242; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope absorption—(1) the relationship of the weight of the water
absorbed by a ceramic specimen, subjected to prescribed
1.1 This terminology pertains to the terminology used in
immersion procedure, to the weight of the dry specimen.
ceramic whitewares and related products.
(2) the capacity of a substance to take up a substance,
1.2 Words adequately defined in standard dictionaries are
usually a liquid or gas, with the formation of an apparently
not included. Included are words that are peculiar to this
homogeneous mixture.
industry. Double words, hyphenated words, or phrases are
adsorption—the capacity of a substance to accept and retain
listed alphabetically under the first word; additional important
on its surface a layer of another substance, usually a gas or
words are cross-referenced.
a liquid.
1.3 For definitions of terms relating to surface imperfec-
agglomerate—a jumbled mass or collection of two or more
tions on ceramics, refer to Terminology F 109.
particles or aggregates, or a combination thereof, held
2. Referenced Documents together by relatively weak cohesive forces caused by weak
chemical bonding or an electrostatic surface charge gener-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
ated by handling or processing.
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
E 180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
DISCUSSION—Common usage in powder technology (and British
3
Methods forAnalysis and Testing of Industrial Chemicals
Standard 2955) has the terms “aggregate” and “agglomerate” inter-
F 109 Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on changed in meaning from the definitions presented here, and care must
4
be taken to determine in context which definition is in use.
Ceramics
F 465 Practice for Developing Precision andAccuracy Data
aggregate—a dense mass of particles held together by strong
on ASTM Methods for the Analysis of Meat and Meat
intermolecular or atomic cohesive forces that is stable to
5
Products
normal mixing techniques, including high-speed stirring and
6
2.2 British Standard:
ultrasonics.
BS 2955 Glossary of Terms Relating to Powders
alumina porcelain—See alumina porcelain under porcelain.
alumina whiteware—See alumina whiteware under ceramic
3. Terminology
whiteware.
absolute or true density—See absolute or true density under
andalusite—a polymorph, along with sillimanite and kyanite,
density.
of composition Al O ·SiO which on firing dissociates to
2 3 2
absorbance—the logarithm of that fraction of an incident light
yield principally mullite.
beam that is dissipated in the sample, being neither trans-
apparent or pycnometric density—See apparent or pycnomet-
mitted nor reflected.
ric density under density.
absorbed moisture—water held mechanically in the material
apparent porosity—See apparent porosity under porosity.
and having physical properties not substantially different
average particle size—a single value representing the entire
from ordinary water at the same temperature and pressure.
particle-size distribution.
DISCUSSION—It is essential to specify the basis under which the
1 average is obtained.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of
ball clay—a secondary clay, commonly characterized by the
Subcommittee C21.01 on Nomenclature.
presence of organic matter, high plasticity, high dry strength,
Current edition approved July 10, 2001. Published October 2001. Originally
published as C 242 – 50 T. Last previous edition C 242 – 00a.
long vitrification range, and a light color when fired.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
ball milling—a method of grinding and mixing material, with
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
or without liquid, in a rotating cylinder or conical mill
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
5
partially filled with grinding media such as balls or pebbles.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.07.
6
Available from British Standards Institute, 2 Park St., London, England
W1A 2B5.
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C242
basalt ware—a black unglazed vitreous ceramic ware having solid casting—forming ceramic ware by introducing a body
the appearance of basalt rock. slip into a porous mold which usually consists of two major
Belleek
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