ASTM D5548-13(2020)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Evaluating Color Transfer or Color Loss of Dyed Fabrics in Laundering (Not Suitable for Detergent or Washing Machine Rankings)
Standard Guide for Evaluating Color Transfer or Color Loss of Dyed Fabrics in Laundering (Not Suitable for Detergent or Washing Machine Rankings)
ABSTRACT
This guide covers the evaluation of the effect of dyestuff color transfer or color loss from dyed fabrics. It is designed as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of detergent products or the comparison of two or more detergents, it is not suitable for detergent or washing machine rankings. The apparatus and materials use in evaluating color transfer or color loss of dyed fabrics are presented in details. The procedure for color transfer in one wash, and color loss in three washes are presented in details.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the evaluation of the effect of dyestuff color transfer or color loss from dyed fabrics. It is designed as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of detergent products or the comparison of two or more detergents.
1.2 There is no single assessment that will give the overall performance of a laundry product. A single test can only suggest how a formulation performs under the particular conditions chosen for the evaluation and cannot be expected to reflect comparative product performance under the many other possible conditions of use. A series of assessments is always necessary in order to evaluate the many aspects of product performance. It is necessary to conduct confirming tests under controlled but practical home-laundering conditions to simulate consumer experience.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5548 − 13 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Guide for
Evaluating Color Transfer or Color Loss of Dyed Fabrics in
Laundering (Not Suitable for Detergent or Washing Machine
Rankings)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5548; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This guide covers the evaluation of the effect of dyestuff 2.1 ASTM Standards:
color transfer or color loss from dyed fabrics. It is designed as D459 Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents
a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
detergent products or the comparison of two or more deter- E179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for
gents. Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties
of Materials
1.2 There is no single assessment that will give the overall
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
performance of a laundry product. A single test can only
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
suggest how a formulation performs under the particular
2.2 AATCC Methods:
conditions chosen for the evaluation and cannot be expected to
Evaluation Procedure 6 Instrumental Color Measurement
reflect comparative product performance under the many other
Evaluation Procedure 7 Instrumental Assessment of the
possible conditions of use. A series of assessments is always
Change in Color of a Test Specimen
necessary in order to evaluate the many aspects of product
performance. It is necessary to conduct confirming tests under
3. Terminology
controlled but practical home-laundering conditions to simu-
3.1 Definitions:
late consumer experience.
3.1.1 See Terminology D459.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
3.1.2 laundering, n—a process intended to remove soils or
be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
stains, or both, by treatment (washing) with an aqueous
parentheses are for information only.
detergent solution and normally including subsequent rinsing,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
extraction, and drying.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 rinse, v or n—a process or treatment in an aqueous
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
medium for the purpose of removing extraneous matter from
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
textile materials.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Summary of Guide
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 Three fabrics are chosen that exhibit varying degrees of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
color loss or transfer. A nylon fabric is dyed with a heavy
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
concentration of a red dye that will exhibit the greatest amount
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of color loss or transfer. Two cotton fabrics are dyed with blue
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
dyes, which provide a light and intermediate level of color loss
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.15 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Physical Testing. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5548 – 13. DOI: Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
10.1520/D5548-13R20. (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5548 − 13 (2020)
and transfer. A bleached undyed cotton fabric is washed in the 7.3 Measure the reflectance of the undyed fabric with a
same bucket as the dyed fabrics to act as a receptacle for the photoelectric colorimeter. (See Practice D1776, Test Method
fugitive dyestuff. E1347, Guide E179, and AATCC Procedures 6 and 7.)
4.2 The evaluation is performed in a laboratory washer 7.4 Measure the reflectance of the dyed fabrics with a
under standardized conditions. It is possible to rank one or
photoelectric colorimeter. (See Practice D1776, Test Method
more detergents using instrumental readings and determining E1347, Guide E179, and AATCC Procedures 6 and 7.)
the ∆E* values.
8. Procedure for Color Transfer in One Wash
5. Apparatus
8.1 Wash swatches in laboratory washer.
5.1 Laboratory Washer—A laboratory-scale, agitator-type
8.1.1 Water—1000 mL water hardened to 110 ppm with a
washing machine.
3:1 mixture of Ca:Mg.
5.2 Photoelectric Colorimeter. 8.1.2 Water Temperature—32°C (61°C).
8.1.3 Detergent—0.2 %concentrationormanufacturer’suse
5.3 Fabrics:
level.
5.3.1 Spun nylon 6.6 fabric dyed with Acid Red 1
...
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