ASTM D803-15(2020)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Testing Tall Oil
Standard Test Methods for Testing Tall Oil
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Tall oil, both crude and refined, is an important by-product of the alkaline (kraft) pulping of pine wood. It consists primarily of fatty acids, resin acids, and neutral materials; the levels of these various components depend on factors such as the species of pine tree, geographic location, climate, etc.
3.1.1 Tall oil is used primarily as a commercial source of fatty acids and rosin, and, therefore, reliable methods for the analysis of these components is necessary.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the test procedures to be applied to whole tall oils or refined tall oils. Previous editions of these test methods have described test procedures that are used to test tall oil fatty acid, rosin, and other tall oil-derived products as well as test crude and refined tall oil. Consequently, these test methods are widely cited in reference books and industry literature for the testing of tall oil-derived products.
1.1.1 In this current revision, procedural details of some of the often-cited test methods have been removed and the test methods consolidated with other existing test methods. In such cases the consolidated methods, applicable to all tall oil-derived products.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
Physical Tests
Sections
Viscosity:
Rotational Viscometer Method (Preferred Method)
7
Bubble Time Method
8
Flash Point
9
Color
10
Moisture:
11
Insoluble Matter
12
Ash
13
Chemical Analysis
Acid Number
16
Saponification Number
17
Rosin Acids
18
Unsaponifiable Matter
19
Fatty Acids
20
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-May-2020
- Technical Committee
- D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
- Drafting Committee
- D01.34 - Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2014
- Effective Date
- 15-Jul-2013
- Effective Date
- 15-Jul-2013
- Refers
ASTM D1545-13 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method - Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2013
Overview
ASTM D803-15(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Testing Tall Oil provides comprehensive procedures for analyzing both crude and refined tall oil, a significant by-product from the kraft pulping of pine wood. These methods aid in assessing key components such as fatty acids, resin acids, and other related substances necessary for industrial applications. As a widely referenced ASTM standard, D803 outlines consolidated and reliable testing methods, ensuring consistency in the quality control and classification of tall oil for commercial use.
Key Topics
Tall Oil Composition
The standard describes tall oil's main components: fatty acids, resin acids, and neutral compounds. Their proportions vary due to factors like pine species, geographic region, and climate.Physical and Chemical Test Methods
The test methods address both physical properties and chemical analysis, ensuring accurate assessment of tall oil quality:- Viscosity - Measured by rotational viscometer (preferred) and bubble time methods
- Flash Point - Determines thermal properties
- Color - Established by Gardner Color Scale
- Moisture Content - Critical for storage and processing
- Insoluble Matter - Quantifies impurities
- Ash - Indicates inorganic content
- Acid Number - Measures acidity, essential for processing
- Saponification Number - Assesses total ester content
- Rosin Acid Content - Determines rosin concentration
- Unsaponifiable Matter - Identifies non-reactive substances
- Fatty Acid Content - Fundamental commercial property
- Gas Chromatographic Analysis - For detailed fatty and rosin acid profiling
Sampling and Conditioning
Proper sample acquisition and pre-conditioning are stressed to ensure test reliability, accounting for phase separation or crystalline content.Units and Precision
Results are typically reported in inch-pound units, with SI conversions provided for reference.
Applications
Tall oil testing based on ASTM D803 is vital for industries utilizing tall oil or its derivatives as commercial sources of fatty acids and rosin. Main areas of application include:
Chemical Manufacturing
Production of adhesives, inks, coatings, soaps, and detergents where precise fatty acid and rosin content is crucial.Quality Control
Ensuring batch consistency for crude or refined tall oil, facilitating market classification and fair trade.Research & Development
Supports development of novel pine chemical-based products through reliable compositional analysis.Regulatory Compliance
Adherence to standardized test methods aids compliance with safety, health, and environmental requirements.
Related Standards
Several ASTM standards are referenced and work in concert with D803 for comprehensive tall oil testing. Key related documents include:
- ASTM D2196 - Rheological Properties by Rotational Viscometer
- ASTM D1544, D6166 - Color for Pine Chemicals
- ASTM D890 - Water in Liquid Pine Chemicals
- ASTM D464, D465 - Saponification and Acid Number Methods
- ASTM D1240, D1585 - Rosin and Fatty Acids Content
- ASTM D1065 - Unsaponifiable Matter in Pine Chemicals
- ASTM D269 - Insoluble Matter in Rosin and Derivatives
- ASTM D92, D93, D3278 - Flash Point Methods
Practical Value
By providing standardized test methods for tall oil and its derivatives, ASTM D803-15(2020) helps maintain industry consistency, supports product quality, and facilitates trade. Implementing these methods allows producers and users of tall oil-based materials to ensure reliable performance and meet market requirements. Regular use of this standard supports sustainable practices within the pine chemical industry through rigorous quality assurance and regulatory alignment.
Keywords: ASTM D803, tall oil testing, fatty acid analysis, rosin content, pine chemical standards, quality control, viscosity, acid number, saponification number, industrial tall oil analysis.
Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D803-15(2020) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Methods for Testing Tall Oil". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 Tall oil, both crude and refined, is an important by-product of the alkaline (kraft) pulping of pine wood. It consists primarily of fatty acids, resin acids, and neutral materials; the levels of these various components depend on factors such as the species of pine tree, geographic location, climate, etc. 3.1.1 Tall oil is used primarily as a commercial source of fatty acids and rosin, and, therefore, reliable methods for the analysis of these components is necessary. SCOPE 1.1 These test methods cover the test procedures to be applied to whole tall oils or refined tall oils. Previous editions of these test methods have described test procedures that are used to test tall oil fatty acid, rosin, and other tall oil-derived products as well as test crude and refined tall oil. Consequently, these test methods are widely cited in reference books and industry literature for the testing of tall oil-derived products. 1.1.1 In this current revision, procedural details of some of the often-cited test methods have been removed and the test methods consolidated with other existing test methods. In such cases the consolidated methods, applicable to all tall oil-derived products. 1.2 The procedures appear in the following order: Physical Tests Sections Viscosity: Rotational Viscometer Method (Preferred Method) 7 Bubble Time Method 8 Flash Point 9 Color 10 Moisture: 11 Insoluble Matter 12 Ash 13 Chemical Analysis Acid Number 16 Saponification Number 17 Rosin Acids 18 Unsaponifiable Matter 19 Fatty Acids 20 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 Tall oil, both crude and refined, is an important by-product of the alkaline (kraft) pulping of pine wood. It consists primarily of fatty acids, resin acids, and neutral materials; the levels of these various components depend on factors such as the species of pine tree, geographic location, climate, etc. 3.1.1 Tall oil is used primarily as a commercial source of fatty acids and rosin, and, therefore, reliable methods for the analysis of these components is necessary. SCOPE 1.1 These test methods cover the test procedures to be applied to whole tall oils or refined tall oils. Previous editions of these test methods have described test procedures that are used to test tall oil fatty acid, rosin, and other tall oil-derived products as well as test crude and refined tall oil. Consequently, these test methods are widely cited in reference books and industry literature for the testing of tall oil-derived products. 1.1.1 In this current revision, procedural details of some of the often-cited test methods have been removed and the test methods consolidated with other existing test methods. In such cases the consolidated methods, applicable to all tall oil-derived products. 1.2 The procedures appear in the following order: Physical Tests Sections Viscosity: Rotational Viscometer Method (Preferred Method) 7 Bubble Time Method 8 Flash Point 9 Color 10 Moisture: 11 Insoluble Matter 12 Ash 13 Chemical Analysis Acid Number 16 Saponification Number 17 Rosin Acids 18 Unsaponifiable Matter 19 Fatty Acids 20 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D803-15(2020) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 87.060.20 - Binders. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D803-15(2020) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D803-15, ASTM D1240-24, ASTM D93-20, ASTM D465-15(2020), ASTM D464-15(2020), ASTM D269-97(2020), ASTM D2196-18, ASTM D1240-14(2018), ASTM D465-15, ASTM D1585-15, ASTM D464-15, ASTM D1240-14, ASTM D93-13e1, ASTM D93-13, ASTM D1545-13. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D803-15(2020) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D803 − 15 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Methods for
Testing Tall Oil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D803; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 These test methods cover the test procedures to be
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
applied to whole tall oils or refined tall oils. Previous editions
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
of these test methods have described test procedures that are
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
used to test tall oil fatty acid, rosin, and other tall oil-derived
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
productsaswellastestcrudeandrefinedtalloil.Consequently,
these test methods are widely cited in reference books and
2. Referenced Documents
industry literature for the testing of tall oil-derived products.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.1 In this current revision, procedural details of some of
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
the often-cited test methods have been removed and the test
Open Cup Tester
methods consolidated with other existing test methods. In such
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
cases the consolidated methods, applicable to all tall oil-
Closed Cup Tester
derived products.
D269 Test Method for Insoluble Matter in Rosin and Rosin
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
Derivatives
Physical Tests Sections
D464 Test Methods for Saponification Number of Pine
Viscosity:
Chemical Products Including Tall Oil and Other Related
Rotational Viscometer Method (Preferred Method) 7
Products
Bubble Time Method 8
Flash Point 9
D465 Test Methods for Acid Number of Pine Chemical
Color 10
Products Including Tall Oil and Other Related Products
Moisture: 11
D890 Test Method for Water in Liquid Pine Chemicals
Insoluble Matter 12
Ash 13
D1065 Test Method for Unsaponifiable Matter in Pine
Chemical Analysis
Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Prod-
Acid Number 16
ucts
Saponification Number 17
Rosin Acids 18
D1240 Test Methods for Rosin Acids Content of Pine
Unsaponifiable Matter 19
Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Prod-
Fatty Acids 20
ucts
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D1466 Test Method for Sampling Liquid Oils and Fatty
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Acids Commonly Used in Paints, Varnishes, and Related
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Materials (Withdrawn 2003)
and are not considered standard.
D1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gard-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ner Color Scale)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D1545 Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Bubble Time Method
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D1585 Test Methods for Fatty Acids Content of Pine
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Prod-
ucts
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.34 on Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Resins. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D803 – 15. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D0803-15R20. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D803 − 15 (2020)
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non- forced-air oven in order to dissolve any crystalline material.A
Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer temperature of 100°C is usually sufficient to dissolve crystals
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small present in crude tall oil, but a temperature as high as 160°C
Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus may be required to remove rosin crystals from distilled tall oil.
D5974 Test Methods for Fatty and Rosin Acids in Tall Oil Withdraw the specimens only when all crystalline matter has
Fractionation Products by Capillary Gas Chromatography dissolved and when the entire sample becomes a homogeneous
D6166 Test Method for Color of Pine Chemicals and Re- fluid after thorough stirring.
lated Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner
VISCOSITY BY THE ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER
Color)
METHOD
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
(Preferred Method)
3. Significance and Use
7. Procedure
3.1 Tall oil, both crude and refined, is an important by-
7.1 Determinetheviscosityincentipoiseinaccordancewith
product of the alkaline (kraft) pulping of pine wood. It consists
Test Methods D2196. The testing temperature shall be 210°F
primarily of fatty acids, resin acids, and neutral materials; the
(99°C) unless a lower temperature is specified.
levels of these various components depend on factors such as
the species of pine tree, geographic location, climate, etc.
VISCOSITY BY THE BUBBLE TIME METHOD
3.1.1 Tall oil is used primarily as a commercial source of
(Alternative Method)
fatty acids and rosin, and, therefore, reliable methods for the
analysis of these components is necessary.
8. Procedure
4. Purity of Reagents
8.1 Determine the viscosity in accordance withTest Method
D1545.The testing temperature shall be 210°F (99°C) unless a
4.1 Reagent grade chemical
...
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