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ASTM D3238-95(2000)e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method

Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method

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1.1 This test method covers the calculation of the carbon distribution and ring content (Note 1) of olefin-free petroleum oils from measurements of refractive index, density and molecular weight (n-d-M). This test method should not be applied to oils whose compositions are outside the following ranges:
1.1.1 In terms of carbon distribution— up to 75 % carbon atoms in ring structure; percentage in aromatic rings not larger than 1.5 times the percentage in naphthenic rings.
1.1.2 In terms of ring content—up to four rings per molecule with not more than half of them aromatic. A correction must be applied for oils containing significant quantities of sulfur.
Note 1—The composition of complex petroleum fractions is often expressed in terms of the proportions of aromatic rings (RA), naphthene rings (RN) and paraffin chains (CP) that would comprise a hypothetical mean molecule. Alternatively, the composition may be expressed in terms of a carbon distribution, that is, the percentage of the total number of carbon atoms that are present in aromatic ring structures (% C A), naphthene ring structures (% CN), and paraffin chains (% Cp).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2000
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0K - Correlative Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3238-95(2000) - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Replaced By
ASTM D3238-95(2005) - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D2140-08(2017) - Standard Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Composition of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D4056-21 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon and Aliphatic Ester Lubricants
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000

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ASTM D3238-95(2000)e1 - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M MethodASTM D3238-95(2000)e1 - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method
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ASTM D3238-95(2000)e1 - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
e1
Designation:D3238–95 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Method for
Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group
Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3238; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Equation number 4 (paragraph 7.2) was corrected editorially in November 2001.
1. Scope D1480 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
(Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pyc-
1.1 This test method covers the calculation of the carbon
nometer
distribution and ring content (Note 1) of olefin-free petroleum
D1481 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
oils from measurements of refractive index, density and
(Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicap-
molecular weight (n-d-M). This test method should not be
illary Pycnometer
applied to oils whose compositions are outside the following
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
ranges:
(High-Temperature Method)
1.1.1 In terms of carbon distribution— up to 75% carbon
D2502 Test Method for Estimation of Molecular Weight
atoms in ring structure; percentage in aromatic rings not larger
(RelativeMolecularMass)ofPetroleumOilsfromViscos-
than 1.5 times the percentage in naphthenic rings.
ity Measurements
1.1.2 In terms of ring content—up to four rings per mol-
D2503 Test Method for Molecular Weight (Relative Mo-
ecule with not more than half of them aromatic. A correction
lecular Mass) of Hydrocarbons by Thermoelectric Mea-
must be applied for oils containing significant quantities of
surement of Vapor Pressure
sulfur.
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
NOTE 1—The composition of complex petroleum fractions is often
Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrom-
expressed in terms of the proportions of aromatic rings (R ), naphthene
A
etry
rings (R ) and paraffin chains (C ) that would comprise a hypothetical
N P
mean molecule.Alternatively, the composition may be expressed in terms
3. Summary of Test Method
of a carbon distribution, that is, the percentage of the total number of
3.1 The refractive index and density of the oil are deter-
carbon atoms that are present in aromatic ring structures (% C ),
A
naphthene ring structures (% C ), and paraffin chains (% C ).
mined at 20°C. The molecular weight is determined experi-
N p
mentally or estimated from measurements of viscosity at 37.8
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
and 98.89°C (100 and 210°F). These data are then used to
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
calculate the carbon distribution (% C ,% C ,% C ) or the
A N P
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ring analysis (R , R ) using the appropriate set of equations.
A N
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 The carbon distribution and ring content serve to ex-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
press the gross composition of the heavier fractions of petro-
2. Referenced Documents leum. These data can be used as an adjunct to the bulk
propertiesinmonitoringthemanufactureoflubricatingoilbase
2.1 ASTM Standards:
stocks by distillation, solvent refining or hydrogenation, or
D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive
both, and in comparing the composition of stocks from
Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
different crude sources. Furthermore, the data can often be
correlated with critical product performance properties.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
5. Measurement of Physical Properties
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
D02.04on Hydrocarbon Analyses. 5.1 Determine the refractive index of the oil at 20°C using
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1995. Published October 1995. Originally
Test Method D1218.
published as D3238–73T. Last previous edition D3238–90.
Van Nes, K., and van Westen, H. A., Aspects of the Constitution of Mineral
Oils, Elsevier, New York, 1951.
3 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
...

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1.1 This practice covers statistical methodology for assessing the expected agreement between two different standard test methods that purport to measure the same property of a material, and for the purpose of deciding if a simple linear bias correction can further improve the expected agreement. It is intended for use with results obtained from interlaboratory studies meeting the requirement of Practice D6300 or equivalent (for example, ISO 4259). The interlaboratory studies shall be conducted on at least ten materials in common that among them span the intersecting scopes of the test methods, and results shall be obtained from at least six laboratories using each method. Requirements in this practice shall be met in order for the assessment to be considered suitable for publication in either method, if such publication includes claim to have been carried out in compliance with this practice. Any such publication shall include mandatory information regarding certain details of the assessment outcome as specified in the Report section of this practice.  
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Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

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1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.  
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places:  (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.  
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Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure

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5.1 The basic test method of determining the boiling range of a petroleum product by performing a simple batch distillation has been in use as long as the petroleum industry has existed. It is one of the oldest test methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02, dating from the time when it was still referred to as the Engler distillation. Since the test method has been in use for such an extended period, a tremendous number of historical data bases exist for estimating end-use sensitivity on products and processes.  
5.2 The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors.  
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5.2 A test method to determine total cycloparafins and low level aromatic content is necessary to meet specifications for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have a boiling range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F), 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C18 can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH 2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14  (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH 2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.  
Note 1: This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters for users with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products that contain no significant olefin content.
Biodiesel (FAME components) could interfere with the separation of the sample and the characteristic mass fragments of FAME compounds are not defined in the procedure.
Hydrocarbons containing tertiary carbon fragments, sometimes found in synthetic aviation fuels, will interfere with the characteristic mass fragments of paraffins and result in a false, elevated cycloparaffin content.
Note 2: “No significant olefin content” for this method means D1319.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 11.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D665-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In many instances, such as in the gears of a steam turbine, water can become mixed with the lubricant, and rusting of ferrous parts can occur. This test indicates how well inhibited mineral oils aid in preventing this type of rusting. This test method is also used for testing hydraulic and circulating oils, including heavier-than-water fluids. It is used for specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils.
Note 3: This test method was used as a basis for Test Method D3603. Test Method D3603 is used to test the oil on separate horizontal and vertical test rod surfaces, and can provide a more discriminating evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the ability of inhibited mineral oils, particularly steam-turbine oils, to aid in preventing the rusting of ferrous parts should water become mixed with the oil. This test method is also used for testing other oils, such as hydraulic oils and circulating oils. Provision is made in the procedure for testing heavier-than-water fluids.
Note 1: For synthetic fluids, such as phosphate ester types, the plastic holder and beaker cover should be made of chemically resistant material suitable for the type of fluid tested.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.4 – 7.6.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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