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ASTM D3238-95(2005)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method

Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The carbon distribution and ring content serve to express the gross composition of the heavier fractions of petroleum. These data can be used as an adjunct to the bulk properties in monitoring the manufacture of lubricating oil base stocks by distillation, solvent refining or hydrogenation, or both, and in comparing the composition of stocks from different crude sources. Furthermore, the data can often be correlated with critical product performance properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the calculation of the carbon distribution and ring content (Note 1) of olefin-free petroleum oils from measurements of refractive index, density and molecular weight (n-d-M). This test method should not be applied to oils whose compositions are outside the following ranges:
1.1.1 In terms of carbon distribution— up to 75 % carbon atoms in ring structure; percentage in aromatic rings not larger than 1.5 times the percentage in naphthenic rings.
1.1.2 In terms of ring content—up to four rings per molecule with not more than half of them aromatic. A correction must be applied for oils containing significant quantities of sulfur.
Note 1—The composition of complex petroleum fractions is often expressed in terms of the proportions of aromatic rings (RA), naphthene rings (RN) and paraffin chains (CP) that would comprise a hypothetical mean molecule. Alternatively, the composition may be expressed in terms of a carbon distribution, that is, the percentage of the total number of carbon atoms that are present in aromatic ring structures (% C A), naphthene ring structures (% CN), and paraffin chains (% Cp).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2005
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0K - Correlative Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3238-95(2000)e1 - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D3238-95(2010) - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Referred By
ASTM D4056-21 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon and Aliphatic Ester Lubricants
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D2140-08(2017) - Standard Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Composition of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005

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ASTM D3238-95(2005) - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M MethodASTM D3238-95(2005) - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method
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ASTM D3238-95(2005) - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3238–95 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group
Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3238; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive
Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
1.1 This test method covers the calculation of the carbon
D1480 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
distribution and ring content (Note 1) of olefin-free petroleum
cific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnom-
oils from measurements of refractive index, density, and
eter
molecular weight (n-d-M). This test method should not be
D1481 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
applied to oils whose compositions are outside the following
cific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicapillary
ranges:
Pycnometer
1.1.1 In terms of carbon distribution—up to 75 % carbon
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
atoms in ring structure; percentage in aromatic rings not larger
(High-Temperature Method)
than 1.5 times the percentage in naphthenic rings.
D2502 Test Method for Estimation of Mean Relative Mo-
1.1.2 In terms of ring content—up to four rings per mol-
lecular Mass of Petroleum Oils from Viscosity Measure-
ecule with not more than half of them aromatic. A correction
ments
must be applied for oils containing significant quantities of
D2503 Test Method for Relative Molecular Mass (Molecu-
sulfur.
lar Weight) of Hydrocarbons by Thermoelectric Measure-
NOTE 1—The composition of complex petroleum fractions is often
ment of Vapor Pressure
expressed in terms of the proportions of aromatic rings (R ), naphthene
A
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
rings (R ), and paraffin chains (C ) that would comprise a hypothetical
N P
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
mean molecule.Alternatively, the composition may be expressed in terms
of a carbon distribution, that is, the percentage of the total number of
3. Summary of Test Method
carbon atoms that are present in aromatic ring structures (% C ),
A
naphthene ring structures (% C ), and paraffin chains (% C ).
3.1 The refractive index and density of the oil are deter-
N p
mined at 20°C. The molecular weight is determined experi-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
mentally or estimated from measurements of viscosity at 37.8
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
and 98.89°C (100 and 210°F). These data are then used to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
calculate the carbon distribution (% C ,% C ,% C )orthe
A N P
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ring analysis (R , R ) using the appropriate set of equations.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- A N
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 The carbon distribution and ring content serve to ex-
2. Referenced Documents press the gross composition of the heavier fractions of petro-
3 leum. These data can be used as an adjunct to the bulk
2.1 ASTM Standards:
propertiesinmonitoringthemanufactureoflubricatingoilbase
stocks by distillation, solvent refining or hydrogenation, or
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
both, and in comparing the composition of stocks from
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
different crude sources. Furthermore, the data can often be
D02.04 on Hydrocarbon Analysis.
correlated with critical product performance properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally
´1
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D3238 – 95 (2000) .
DOI: 10.1520/D3238-95R05. 5. Measurement of Physical Properties
Van Nes, K., and van Westen, H. A., Aspects of the Constitution of Mineral
5.1 Determine the refractive index of the oil at 20°C using
Oils, Elsevier, New York, 1951.
Test Method D1218.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2 Determine the density at 20°C using Test Method
Standards volume information, refer to the standar
...

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5.1 This practice can be used to determine if a constant, proportional, or linear bias correction can improve the degree of agreement between two methods that purport to measure the same property of a material.  
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1.1 This practice covers statistical methodology for assessing the expected agreement between two different standard test methods that purport to measure the same property of a material, and for the purpose of deciding if a simple linear bias correction can further improve the expected agreement. It is intended for use with results obtained from interlaboratory studies meeting the requirement of Practice D6300 or equivalent (for example, ISO 4259). The interlaboratory studies shall be conducted on at least ten materials in common that among them span the intersecting scopes of the test methods, and results shall be obtained from at least six laboratories using each method. Requirements in this practice shall be met in order for the assessment to be considered suitable for publication in either method, if such publication includes claim to have been carried out in compliance with this practice. Any such publication shall include mandatory information regarding certain details of the assessment outcome as specified in the Report section of this practice.  
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Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

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1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.  
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places:  (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.  
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Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure

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5.3 The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits.  
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5.2 A test method to determine total cycloparafins and low level aromatic content is necessary to meet specifications for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have a boiling range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F), 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C18 can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH 2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14  (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH 2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.  
Note 1: This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters for users with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products that contain no significant olefin content.
Biodiesel (FAME components) could interfere with the separation of the sample and the characteristic mass fragments of FAME compounds are not defined in the procedure.
Hydrocarbons containing tertiary carbon fragments, sometimes found in synthetic aviation fuels, will interfere with the characteristic mass fragments of paraffins and result in a false, elevated cycloparaffin content.
Note 2: “No significant olefin content” for this method means D1319.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 11.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D665-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In many instances, such as in the gears of a steam turbine, water can become mixed with the lubricant, and rusting of ferrous parts can occur. This test indicates how well inhibited mineral oils aid in preventing this type of rusting. This test method is also used for testing hydraulic and circulating oils, including heavier-than-water fluids. It is used for specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils.
Note 3: This test method was used as a basis for Test Method D3603. Test Method D3603 is used to test the oil on separate horizontal and vertical test rod surfaces, and can provide a more discriminating evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the ability of inhibited mineral oils, particularly steam-turbine oils, to aid in preventing the rusting of ferrous parts should water become mixed with the oil. This test method is also used for testing other oils, such as hydraulic oils and circulating oils. Provision is made in the procedure for testing heavier-than-water fluids.
Note 1: For synthetic fluids, such as phosphate ester types, the plastic holder and beaker cover should be made of chemically resistant material suitable for the type of fluid tested.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.4 – 7.6.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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