ASTM D2196-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer
Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Test Method A is used for determining the apparent viscosity at a given rotational speed, although viscosities at two or more speeds give better characterization of a non-Newtonian material than does a single viscosity measurement.
3.2 With Test Methods B and C, the extent of shear thinning is indicated by the drop in viscosity with increasing rotational speed. The degree of thixotropy is indicated by comparison of viscosities at increasing and decreasing rotational speeds (Test Method B), viscosity recovery (Test Method B), or viscosities before and after high shear (combination of Test Methods B and C). The high-shear treatment in Test Method C approximates shearing during paint application. The viscosity behavior measured after high shear is indicative of the characteristics of the paint soon after application.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic properties of non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range from 0.1 s−1 to 50 s−1 using a rotational viscometer operating in a fluid contained in a 600 mL low form Griffin beaker.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D2196 −20
Standard Test Methods for
Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by
1
Rotational Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope viscometer with a spindle operating in a fluid contained in a
600 mL low form Griffin beaker. The agitation of the material
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
immediately preceding the viscosity measurements is carefully
apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic
controlled.
properties of non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range
−1 −1
from 0.1 s to 50 s using a rotational viscometer operating
3. Significance and Use
in a fluid contained in a 600 mL low form Griffin beaker.
3.1 Test Method A is used for determining the apparent
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
viscosityatagivenrotationalspeed,althoughviscositiesattwo
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
ormorespeedsgivebettercharacterizationofanon-Newtonian
only.
material than does a single viscosity measurement.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 WithTestMethodsBandC,theextentofshearthinning
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
is indicated by the drop in viscosity with increasing rotational
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
speed. The degree of thixotropy is indicated by comparison of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
viscosities at increasing and decreasing rotational speeds (Test
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Method B), viscosity recovery (Test Method B), or viscosities
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
before and after high shear (combination of Test Methods B
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
and C). The high-shear treatment in Test Method C approxi-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
matesshearingduringpaintapplication.Theviscositybehavior
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
measured after high shear is indicative of the characteristics of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the paint soon after application.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Apparatus
2. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Rotational Viscometer—The essential instrument will
2.1 Test Method A consists of determining the apparent
have the following capabilities at a minimum:
viscosity of coatings and related materials by measuring the
4.1.1 A drive motor, to apply a unidirectional rotational
torque on a spindle rotating at a constant speed in a 600 mL
displacement to the spindle immersed in the specimen for
low form Griffin beaker.
rotational speeds between 0.307 rad/sec and 10.24 rad/sec (0.3
2.2 Test Methods B and C consist of determining the shear r/min and 100 r/min) constant to within 0.1%.
4.1.2 Aforce sensor to measure the torque required to drive
thinning and thixotropic (time-dependent) rheological proper-
2
ties of the materials. The viscosities of these materials are the spindle immersed in the specimen at each of the defined
speed settings to within 0.1%.
determined at a series of prescribed speeds of a rotational
4.1.3 A coupling shaft, or other means, to transmit the
rotational displacement from the motor to the spindle.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on 4.1.4 A rotational element, spindle, or tool, such as the
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
shapesshowninFig.1tofixthespecimenbetweenthespindle
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints &
andastationarysurface.Theprotectivebracket,whichattaches
Paint Materials.
to the viscometer and protects the spindle, provides the
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally
ɛ1
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D2196–18 . DOI:
stationary surface described in the preceding sentence.
10.1520/D2196-20.
2
NOTE 1—Each spindle can measure a range of almost four decades in
Pierce, P. E., “Measurement of Rheology of Thixotropic Organic Coatings and
Resins with the Brookfield Viscometer,” Journal of Paint Technology, Vol 43, No. viscosity for the speed settings
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D2196 − 18 D2196 − 20
Standard Test Methods for
Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by
1
Rotational Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made throughout in September 2018.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic properties of
−1 −1
non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range from 0.1 s to 50 s using a rotational viscometer operating in a fluid contained
in a 600 mL low form Griffin beaker.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Summary of Test Method
2.1 Test Method A consists of determining the apparent viscosity of coatings and related materials by measuring the torque on a
spindle rotating at a constant speed in a 600 mL low form Griffin beaker.
2.2 Test Methods B and C consist of determining the shear thinning and thixotropic (time-dependent) rheological properties of the
2
materials. The viscosities of these materials are determined at a series of prescribed speeds of a rotational viscometer with a
spindle operating in a fluid contained in a 600 mL low form Griffin beaker. The agitation of the material immediately preceding
the viscosity measurements is carefully controlled.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Test Method A is used for determining the apparent viscosity at a given rotational speed, although viscosities at two or more
speeds give better characterization of a non-Newtonian material than does a single viscosity measurement.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018Dec. 1, 2020. Published August 2018December 2020. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20152018
ɛ1
as D2196 – 15.D2196 – 18 . DOI: 10.1520/D2196-18E01.10.1520/D2196-20.
2
Pierce, P. E., “Measurement of Rheology of Thixotropic Organic Coatings and Resins with the Brookfield Viscometer,” Journal of Paint Technology, Vol 43, No. 557,
1971, pp. 35–43.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D2196 − 20
3.2 With Test Methods B and C, the extent of shear thinning is indicated by the drop in viscosity with increasing rotational speed.
The degree of thixotropy is indicated by comparison of viscosities at increasing and decreasing rotational speeds (Test Method B),
viscosity recovery (Test Method B), or viscosities before and after high shear (combination of Test Methods B and C). The
high-shear treatment in Test Method C approximates shearing during paint application. The viscosity behavior measured after high
shear is indicative of the characteristics of the paint soon after application.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Rotational Viscometer—The essential instrument will have the following capabilities at a minimum:
4.1.1 A drive motor, to apply a unidirectional rotational displacement to the spindle immersed in the specimen for rotational speeds
between 0.307 rad/sec and 10.24 rad/sec (0.3 r/min and 100 rpm)r/min) constant to within 0.01%.0.1 %.
4.1.2 A force sensor to measure the torque required to drive the spindle immersed in the specimen at each of the defined speed
...
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