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ASTM C1048-04

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Heat-Treated Flat Glass—Kind HS, Kind FT Coated and Uncoated Glass

Standard Specification for Heat-Treated Flat Glass—Kind HS, Kind FT Coated and Uncoated Glass

ABSTRACT
This specification covers heat-treated flat glass - kind HS, kind FT coated and uncoated glass used in general building construction. Glass furnished under this specification shall be of the following conditions: condition A - uncoated surfaces, condition B - spandrel glass, one surface ceramic coated, and condition C - other coated glass. Flat glass furnished under this specification shall be of the following kinds: kind HS - heat-strengthened glass shall be flat glass, either transparent or patterned, in accordance with the applicable requirements, and kind FT - fully tempered glass shall be flat glass, either transparent or patterned in accordance with the applicable requirements. All fabrication, such as cutting to overall dimensions, edgework, drilled holes, notching, grinding, sandblasting, and etching, shall be performed before strengthening or tempering and shall be as specified. Requirements for fittings and hardware shall be as specified. In heat-strengthened and fully tempered glass, a strain pattern, which is not normally visible, may become visible under certain light conditions. The support system and the amount of glass deflection for a given set of wind-load conditions must be considered for design purposes. Heat-treated flat glass cannot be cut after tempering. Heat-treated glass can be furnished with holes, notches, cutouts, and bevels. The expansion fit and porosity of the ceramic coating shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Specimens for evaluation of resistance to alkali and acid shall be prepared and tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for flat heat-strengthened and flat fully tempered coated and uncoated glass used in general building construction.  
1.2 The dimensional values, except thickness designations, stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2003
ICS
81.040.30 - Glass products
Technical Committee
C14 - Glass and Glass Products
Drafting Committee
C14.08 - Flat Glass
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1048-97b - Standard Specification for Heat-Treated Flat Glass--Kind HS, Kind FT Coated and Uncoated Glass
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004
Replaced By
ASTM C1048-12 - Standard Specification for Heat-Strengthened and Fully Tempered Flat Glass
Effective Date
15-Mar-2012
Referred By
ASTM E772-15(2021) - Standard Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1651-11(2018) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Roll Wave Optical Distortion in Heat-Treated Flat Glass
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004
Referred By
ASTM C162-05(2015) - Standard Terminology of<brk type="line"/> Glass and Glass Products
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1376-21a - Standard Specification for Pyrolytic and Vacuum Deposition Coatings on Flat Glass
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004
Referred By
ASTM F2248-19 - Standard Practice for Specifying an Equivalent 3-Second Duration Design Loading for Blast Resistant Glazing Fabricated with Laminated Glass
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004
Referred By
ASTM F782-19 - Standard Specification for Doors, Furniture, Marine
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1172-19 - Standard Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat Glass
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1401-23 - Standard Guide for Structural Sealant Glazing
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1464-21 - Standard Specification for Bent Glass
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004
Referred By
ASTM E998-19 - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Architectural Glass Products Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004
Referred By
ASTM F1882-15 - Standard Specification for Residential Basketball Systems
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01-Jan-2004
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ASTM F3561-23 - Standard Test Method for Forced-Entry-Resistance of Fenestration Systems After Simulated Active Shooter Attack
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1048 – 04
Standard Specification for
Heat-Treated Flat Glass—Kind HS, Kind FT Coated and
1
Uncoated Glass
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1048; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope C1279 Test Method for Non-Destructive Photoelastic Mea-
surement of Edge and Surface Stresses in Annealed,
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for flat heat-
Heat-Strengthened, and Fully Tempered Flat Glass
strengthenedandflatfullytemperedcoatedanduncoatedglass
2.2 ANSI Standard:
used in general building construction.
Z97.1 Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of
1.2 The dimensional values stated in SI units are to be
4
Test for Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings
regardedasthestandard.Theunitsgiveninparenthesesarefor
2.3 Other Documents:
information only.
CPSC 16 CFR 1201 Safety Standard for Architectural
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
5
Glazing Materials
test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
3. Terminology
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this speci-
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
fication, refer to Terminology C162 and Specification C1036.
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
2
tions prior to use.
4. Classification
4.1 Kinds—Flat glass furnished under this specification
2. Referenced Documents
3
shall be of the following kinds, as specified (see Section 6):
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1.1 Kind HS—Heat-strengthened glass shall be flat glass,
C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
either transparent or patterned, in accordance with the appli-
C346 Test Method for 45-deg Specular Gloss of Ceramic
cablerequirementsofSpecificationC1036asfurtherprocessed
Materials
to conform with the requirements hereinafter specified for
C724 Test Method forAcid Resistance of Ceramic Decora-
heat-strengthened glass.
tions on Architectural-Type Glass
4.1.2 Kind FT—Fully tempered glass shall be flat glass,
C978 Test Method for Photoelastic Determination of Re-
either transparent or patterned in accordance with the appli-
sidual Stress in a Transparent Glass Matrix Using a
cablerequirementsofSpecificationC1036asfurtherprocessed
Polarizing Microscope and Optical Retardation Compen-
toconformwiththerequirementshereinafterspecifiedforfully
sation Procedures
tempered glass.
C1036 Specification for Flat Glass
4.2 Conditions—Glass furnished under this specification
C1203 Test Method for Quantitative Determination of Al-
shall be of the following conditions, as specified (see Section
kali Resistance of a Ceramic-Glass Enamel
6):
4.2.1 Condition A—Uncoated surfaces.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C14 on Glass 4.2.2 Condition B—Spandrel glass, one surface ceramic
and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.08 on Flat
coated.
Glass.
4.2.3 Condition C—Other coated glass.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2004. Published March 2004. Originally
4.3 Types, Classes, Forms, Qualities, and Finishes—these
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C1048–97b. DOI:
10.1520/C1048-04.
are described in Specification C1036.
2
Reference to these documents shall be the latest issue unless otherwise
specified by the authority applying this specification.
3 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Floor, New York, NY 10036.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
the ASTM website. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1048 – 04
5. Intended Use or tempering and shall be as specified (see Section 6 and 7.9).
After the glass has been heat strengthened or tempered, it shall
5.1 Kind HS—Heat-strengthened glass is generally twice as
not be modified except as recommended by the fabricator; for
strong as annealed glass of the same thickness and configura-
example,someConditionCcoatings.Nomodificationshallbe
tion. When broken, the fragments are generally similar to
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C 1048–97b Designation: C1048 – 04
Standard Specification for
Heat-Treated Flat Glass—Kind HS, Kind FT Coated and
1
Uncoated Glass
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1048; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for flat heat-strengthened and flat fully tempered coated and uncoated glass used
in general building construction.
1.2 The dimensional values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The units given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.3 Thefollowingsafetyhazardscaveatpertainsonlytothetestmethodportion,Section11,ofthisspecification: This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
2
standardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
C346 Test Method for 45-deg Specular Gloss of Ceramic Materials
C724 Test MethodsMethod for Acid Resistance of Ceramic Decorations on Architectural–-Type Glass
C978 Test Method for Photoelastic Determination of Residual Stress in a Transparent Glass Matrix Using a Polarizing
Microscope and Optical Retardation Compensation Procedures
C1036 Specification for Flat Glass
C1203 Test Method for Quantitative Determination of Alkali Resistance of a Ceramic-Glass Enamel
C1279 Test Method for Non-Destructive Photoelastic Measurement of Edge and Surface Stresses in Annealed, Heat-
Strengthened, and Fully Tempered Flat Glass
2.2 ANSI Standard:
4
Z97.1 Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test for Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings
2.3 Other Documents:
CPSC 16 CFR 1201ConsumerProduct Safety Commission Standard on Architectural Glazing Materials Safety Standard for
5
Architectural Glazing Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology C 162C162 and Specification C
1036C1036.
4. Classification
4.1 Kinds—Flat glass furnished under this specification shall be of the following kinds, as specified (see Section 6):
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C-14 C14 on Glass and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.08 on Flat
Glass.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1997. Published February 1998. Originally published as C 1048–85. Last previous edition C 1048–97a.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2004. Published March 2004. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C1048–97b. DOI:
10.1520/C1048-04.
2
Reference to these documents shall be the latest issue unless otherwise specified by the authority applying this specification.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 15.02.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
5
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
5
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1048 – 04
4.1.1 Kind HS—Heat-strengthened glass shall be flat glass, either transparent or patterned, in accordance with the applicable
requirements of Specification C 1036C1036 as further processed to conform with the requirements hereinafter specified for
heat-strengthened glass.
4.1.2 Kind FT—Fully tempered glass shall be flat glass, either transparent or patterned in accordance with the applicable
requirements of Specification C 1036C1036 as further processed to conform with the requirements hereinafter specified for fully
tempered glass.
4.2 Conditions—Glass furnished under this specification shall be of the following conditions, as specified
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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Note 2: Isotropic means that the elastic properties are the same in all directions in the material. Glass is isotropic and glass-ceramics are usually so on a macroscopic scale, because of random distribution and orientation of crystallites.  
1.3 A cryogenic cabinet and high-temperature furnace are described for measuring the elastic moduli as a function of temperature from –195 to 1200 °C.  
1.4 Modification of the test for use in quality control is possible. A range of acceptable resonance frequencies is determined for a piece with a particular geometry and density. Any specimen with a frequency response falling outside this frequency range is rejected. The actual modulus of each piece need not be determined as long as the limits of the selected frequency range are known to include the resonance frequency that the piece must possess if its geometry and density are within specified tolerances.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices...

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ASTM
ASTM C149-14(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Thermal Shock Resistance of Glass Containers

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of the relative thermal shock resistance of commercial bottles and jars and is intended to apply to all types of glass containers that are required to withstand sudden changes in temperature in service. The test apparatus consists essentially of a basket for holding the glassware upright, a hot water tank, a cold water tank, and a timed means for immersing and transferring the basket from the hot to the cold bath. Indicating controllers or dial thermometers should be used to maintain the temperatures of the baths. Test procedures included in this specification include pass tests, progressive tests to a predetermined percent of breakage, total progressive tests, and high-level tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative resistance of commercial glass containers (bottles and jars) to thermal shock and is intended to apply to all types of glass containers that are required to withstand sudden temperature changes (thermal shock) in service such as in washing, pasteurization, or hot pack processes, or in being transferred from a warm to a colder medium or vice versa.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C693-93(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density of Glass by Buoyancy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Density as a fundamental property of glass has basic significance. It is useful in the physical description of the glass and as essential data for research, development, engineering, and production.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of glasses at or near 25 °C, by buoyancy.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C1048-18(Specification)
Standard Specification for Heat-Strengthened and Fully Tempered Flat Glass

ABSTRACT
This specification covers heat-treated flat glass - kind HS, kind FT coated and uncoated glass used in general building construction. Glass furnished under this specification shall be of the following conditions: condition A - uncoated surfaces, condition B - spandrel glass, one surface ceramic coated, and condition C - other coated glass. Flat glass furnished under this specification shall be of the following kinds: kind HS - heat-strengthened glass shall be flat glass, either transparent or patterned, in accordance with the applicable requirements, and kind FT - fully tempered glass shall be flat glass, either transparent or patterned in accordance with the applicable requirements. All fabrication, such as cutting to overall dimensions, edgework, drilled holes, notching, grinding, sandblasting, and etching, shall be performed before strengthening or tempering and shall be as specified. Requirements for fittings and hardware shall be as specified. In heat-strengthened and fully tempered glass, a strain pattern, which is not normally visible, may become visible under certain light conditions. The support system and the amount of glass deflection for a given set of wind-load conditions must be considered for design purposes. Heat-treated flat glass cannot be cut after tempering. Heat-treated glass can be furnished with holes, notches, cutouts, and bevels. The expansion fit and porosity of the ceramic coating shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Specimens for evaluation of resistance to alkali and acid shall be prepared and tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for monolithic flat heat-strengthened and fully tempered coated and uncoated glass produced on a horizontal tempering system used in general building construction and other applications.  
1.2 This specification does not address bent glass, or heat-strengthened or fully tempered glass manufactured on a vertical tempering system.  
1.3 The dimensional values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 10, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F2813-18(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Glass Used as a Horizontal Surface in Desks and Tables

ABSTRACT
This specification covers performance requirements to ensure the use of safety glass when employed as an unenclosed horizontal surface under 44 in. (1118 mm) in height in a desk or table. It is intended to minimize the likelihood of serious cutting and piercing injuries that may occur due to the breakage of glass used as a horizontal surface in desks and dining, coffee, end, display, mobile, outdoor, and other types of tables. Glass shall be laminated safety glass or tempered safety glass that complies with the following: performance criteria of ANSI Z97.1-2009 and the use of monolithic annealed, monolithic chemically strengthened or monolithic wired glass shall not be permitted with the exception of glass fully-supported by and bonded to a non-glass material and glass surfaces incorporating or constituting display screens.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers performance requirements of glass used as an unenclosed horizontal surface under 44 in. (1118 mm) in height in a desk or table.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods referenced in this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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