ASTM D3045-18
(Practice)Standard Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
Standard Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The use of this practice presupposes that the failure criteria selected to evaluate materials (that is, the property or properties being measured as a function of exposure time) and the duration of the exposure can be shown to relate to the intended use of the materials.
4.2 Plastic materials exposed to heat are subject to many types of physical and chemical changes. The severity of the exposures in both time and temperature determines the extent and type of change that takes place. A plastic material is not necessarily degraded by exposure to elevated temperatures. However, extended periods of exposure of plastics to elevated temperatures will generally cause some degradation, with progressive changes in physical properties. Specific properties and failure (or lifetime) criteria for these properties are typically chosen for the evaluation of thermal endurance.
4.3 Generally, short exposures at elevated temperatures drive out volatiles such as moisture, solvents, or plasticizers, relieve molding stresses, advance the cure of thermosets, and may cause some change in color of the plastic or coloring agent, or both. Normally, additional shrinkage should be expected with loss of volatiles or advance in polymerization.
4.4 Some plastic materials become brittle due to loss of plasticizers after exposure at elevated temperatures. Other types of plastics become soft and sticky, either due to sorption of volatilized plasticizer or due to breakdown of the polymer.
4.5 The degree of change observed will depend on the property measured. Different properties, mechanical or electrical, may not change at the same rate. For instance, the arc resistance of thermosetting compounds improves up to the carbonization point of the material. Mechanical properties, such as flexural properties, are sensitive to heat degradation and may change at a more rapid rate. Ultimate properties such as strength or elongation are more sensitive to degradation than bulk properties such as...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to define the exposure conditions for evaluating the thermal endurance of plastics when exposed solely to hot air for extended periods of time. Only the procedure for heat exposure is specified. The effect of elevated temperature on any particular property is determined by selection of the appropriate test method and test specimens for that property.
1.2 This practice can be used as a guide to compare thermal aging characteristics of materials as measured by the change in some property of interest. The property of interest is measured at room temperature.
1.3 This practice recommends procedures for comparing the thermal aging characteristics of materials at a single temperature. Recommended procedures for determining the thermal aging characteristics of a material using a series of elevated temperatures for the purpose of estimating endurance time to a defined property change at a lower temperature are also described; the applicability of the Arrhenius relation for making predictions to other temperatures, is assumed in this case.
1.4 This practice does not predict thermal aging characteristics where interactions between stress, environment, temperature, and time control failure occur.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This standard and ISO-2578 address the same subject matter but differ in technical content.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to ...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3045 − 18
Standard Practice for
1
Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3045; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This practice is intended to define the exposure condi-
tions for evaluating the thermal endurance of plastics when
2. Referenced Documents
exposedsolelytohotairforextendedperiodsoftime.Onlythe
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
procedure for heat exposure is specified.The effect of elevated
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
temperature on any particular property is determined by
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
selection of the appropriate test method and test specimens for
D5374TestMethodsforForced-ConvectionLaboratoryOv-
that property.
ens for Evaluation of Electrical Insulation
1.2 Thispracticecanbeusedasaguidetocomparethermal
D5423Specification for Forced-Convection Laboratory Ov-
agingcharacteristicsofmaterialsasmeasuredbythechangein
ens for Evaluation of Electrical Insulation
some property of interest.The property of interest is measured
E145Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
at room temperature.
Ventilation Ovens
1.3 Thispracticerecommendsproceduresforcomparingthe E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3
thermal aging characteristics of materials at a single tempera-
2.2 ISO Standards:
ture. Recommended procedures for determining the thermal
ISO 2578(1993) Determination of Time-Temperature Lim-
aging characteristics of a material using a series of elevated
its After Exposure to Prolonged Action of Heat
temperatures for the purpose of estimating endurance time to a
ISO 9080(2012) Plastic Piping and Ducting Systems—
defined property change at a lower temperature are also
Determination of the Long-Term Hydrostatic Strength of
described; the applicability of the Arrhenius relation for
Thermoplastic Materials in Pipe Form by Extrapolation
making predictions to other temperatures, is assumed in this
3. Terminology
case.
3.1 General—The terminology given in Terminology D883
1.4 This practice does not predict thermal aging character-
andTerminology E456 is applicable to this practice.Terminol-
istics where interactions between stress, environment,
ogy not in place is defined in 3.2.
temperature, and time control failure occur.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 continuous use temperature (CUT)—the temperature
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- indegreesCelsiuscorrespondingtoagiventhermalendurance
time for a given failure criterion (typically 50% reduction in
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. property), derived from the Arrhenius relation of endurance
time and temperature, determined by heat aging at several
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO-2578 address the same subject matter
elevated temperatures. Several CUT values can exist, one for
but differ in technical content.
each property, endurance time and endurance criterion.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—In practice, the continuous use tem-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
perature for a plastic, involves other environmental consider-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ations as discussed elsewhere in this standard, than thermal
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlasticsand contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally the ASTM website.
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approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D3045–92(2010). Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
DOI: 10.1520/D3045-18. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of C
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3045 − 92 (Reapproved 2010) D3045 − 18
Standard Practice for
1
Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3045; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice is intended to define the exposure conditions for testingevaluating the resistance thermal endurance of plastics
to oxidation or other degradation when exposed solely to hot air for extended periods of time. Only the procedure for heat exposure
is specified, not the test method or specimen. specified. The effect of heat elevated temperature on any particular property may be
is determined by selection of the appropriate test method and specimen.test specimens for that property.
1.2 This practice can be used as a guide to compare thermal aging characteristics of materials as measured by the change in
some property of interest. The property of interest is measured at room temperature.
1.3 This practice should be used as a guide to compare thermal aging characteristics of materials as measured by the change
in some property of interest. This practice recommends procedures for comparing the thermal aging characteristics of materials
at a single temperature. Recommended procedures for determining the thermal aging characteristics of a material atusing a series
of elevated temperatures for the purpose of estimating endurance time to a defined property change at somea lower temperature
are also described.described; the applicability of the Arrhenius relation for making predictions to other temperatures, is assumed
in this case.
1.4 This practice does not predict thermal aging characteristics where interactions between stress, environment, temperature,
and time control failure occurs.occur.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—ISO-2578 is considered to be technically equivalent to this practice.This standard and ISO-2578 address the same subject matter but differ
in technical content.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1870D5374 Practice for Elevated Temperature Aging Using a Tubular OvenTest Methods for Forced-Convection Laboratory
Ovens for Evaluation of Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 1998)
D1898D5423 Practice for Sampling of PlasticsSpecification for Forced-Convection Laboratory Ovens for Evaluation of
Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 1998)
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics.
Current edition approved March 15, 2010Aug. 1, 2018. Published June 2010August 2018. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 20032010 as
D3045 – 92 (2003).(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D3045-92R10.10.1520/D3045-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3045 − 18
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2.2 ISO Standard:Standards:
ISO 2578 (1974)(1993) Determination of Time-Temperature Limits After Exposure to Prolonged Action of Heat
ISO 9080 (2012) Plastic Piping and Ducti
...
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