ASTM E1004-02

Standard Practice for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Absolute probe coil methods, when used in conjunction with reference standards of known value, provide a means for determining the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic materials.
Electrical conductivity of a sample can be used as a means of determining: (1) type of metal or alloy, (2) type of heat treatment (for aluminum this evaluation should be used in conjunction with a hardness examination), (3) aging of the alloy, (4) effects of corrosion, and (5) heat damage.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic metals using the electromagnetic (eddy-current) method. The procedure has been written primarily for use with commercially available direct reading electrical conductivity instruments. General purpose eddy-current instruments may also be used for electrical conductivity measurements but will not be addressed in this practice.
1.2 This practice is applicable to metals that have either a flat or slightly curved surface and includes metals with or without a thin nonconductive coating.
1.3 Eddy-current determinations of electrical conductivity may be used in the sorting of metals with respect to variables such as type of alloy, aging, cold deformation, heat treatment, effects associated with non-uniform heating or overheating, and effects of corrosion. The usefulness of the examinations of these properties is dependent on the amount of electrical conductivity change caused by a change in the specific variable.
1.4 Electrical conductivity, when evaluated with eddy-current instruments, is usually expressed as a percentage of the conductivity of the International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS). The conductivity of the Annealed Copper Standard is defined to be 0.58108 S/m (100 % IACS) at 20°C.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-2002
• ICS: 17.220.20 - Measurement of electrical and magnetic quantities
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.07 - Electromagnetic Method

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1004-99 - Standard Practice for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM E1004-09 - Standard Test Method for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM B944-22 - Standard Specification for Copper-Beryllium Welded Heat Exchanger and Condenser Tube (UNS No. C17510)
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B221-21 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E3166-20e1 - Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Metal Additively Manufactured Aerospace Parts After Build
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B210/B210M-19a - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Drawn Seamless Tubes
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B49-20 - Standard Specification for Copper Rod for Electrical Purposes
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B211/B211M-19 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rolled or Cold Finished Bar, Rod, and Wire
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B700-20 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Silver for Engineering Use
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B236-07(2015) - Standard Specification for Aluminum Bars for Electrical Purposes (Bus Bars)
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E2338-22 - Standard Practice for Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy Current Sensors without Coating Reference Standards
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B316/B316M-20 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rivet and Cold-Heading Wire and Rods
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B248-22 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Copper and Copper-Alloy Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B317/B317M-07(2015)e1 - Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bar, Rod, Tube, Pipe, Structural Profiles, and Profiles for Electrical Purposes (Bus Conductor)
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B870-21 - Standard Specification for Copper-Beryllium Alloy Forgings and Extrusions (UNS Nos. C17500, C17510, and C17540)
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1004–02
Standard Practice for
Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the
1
Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope B 193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
2
Materials
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the
3
E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic metals using the elec-
E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
tromagnetic (eddy-current) method. The procedure has been
with a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for Charac-
written primarily for use with commercially available direct
3
teristic of a Lot or Process
reading electrical conductivity instruments. General purpose
E 543 Practice for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
eddy-current instruments may also be used for electrical
4
Testing
conductivity measurements but will not be addressed in this
4
E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
practice.
2.2 ASNT Documents:
1.2 This practice is applicable to metals that have either a
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A for Personnel Qualifi-
flat or slightly curved surface and includes metals with or
5
cation and Certification In Nondestructive Testing
without a thin nonconductive coating.
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certi-
1.3 Eddy-current determinations of electrical conductivity
5
fication of NDT Personnel
may be used in the sorting of metals with respect to variables
2.3 AIA Document:
such as type of alloy, aging, cold deformation, heat treatment,
NAS–410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
effects associated with non-uniform heating or overheating,
6
Testing Personnel
and effects of corrosion. The usefulness of the examinations of
these properties is dependent on the amount of electrical
3. Terminology
conductivity change caused by a change in the specific
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms relating to eddy-
variable.
current examination are given in Terminology E 1316.
1.4 Electrical conductivity, when evaluated with eddy-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
current instruments, is usually expressed as a percentage of the
3.2.1 temperature coeffıcient—the fractional or percentage
conductivity of the International Annealed Copper Standard
change in electrical conductivity per degree Celsius change in
(IACS). The conductivity of the Annealed Copper Standard is
8
temperature.
defined to be 0.58310 S/m (100 % IACS) at 20°C.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Absolute probe coil methods, when used in conjunction
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
with reference standards of known value, provide a means for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
determining the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic mate-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
rials.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2 Electrical conductivity of a sample can be used as a
means of determining: (1) type of metal or alloy, (2) type of
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.03.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
1 4
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
5
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing 1711 Arlingate
Electromagnetic Method. Plaza, PO Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228–0518
6
Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originally AvailablefromAerospaceIndustriesAssociationofAmerica,Inc.,1250EyeSt.
published as E 1004 – 91. Last previous edition E 1004 – 99. NW, Washington, D.C. 20005.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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E1004–02
heat treatment (for aluminum this evaluation should be used in 7.1.1 Temperature—The instrument, probe, reference stan-
conjunction with a hardness examination), (3) aging of the dards, and parts being examined shall be stabilized as ambient
alloy, (4) effects of corrosion, and (5) heat damage. temperature prior to conductivity evaluation. When possible,
examinations should be perfo
...