ASTM D4790-99
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals
Standard Terminology of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals
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Designation: D 4790 – 99
Standard Terminology of
1
Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4790; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
DISCUSSION—This definition is not in conflict with that given in the
absorbance—the logarithm to the base 10 of the reciprocal of
current version of Definitions E 12. D 2935; D-16
the relative transmittance, T, expressed as:
A 5 log ~1/T!52log T (1)
at-line analysis—analytical procedure performed in a process
10 10
environment using manually entered samples.
D 1840, D 2269, D 4053; D-2
benzene—cyclohexatriene, benzol (obsolete) (C H ) mol
6 6
accuracy—the agreement between the mean of a series of
weight 78.11; clear, colorless, highly flammable liquid;
repeated measurements of a property and the accepted
characteristic odor; solidification point +5.5°C; boiling point
reference value of the property. D 3980; D-1
80.1°C.
acidity—the number of milligrams of sodium hydroxide con-
benzene, carbon disulfide-free—benzene treated with alco-
sumed when 100 mL of the sample are titrated under the
holic sodium hydroxide and used as a spectrophotometric
conditions prescribed in this method. D 847; D-16
reference standard.
acid reaction—a characteristic of materials producing the
benzene-535, refined—benzene with impurities limited to
acid-color of the indicator used under the conditions pre-
trace amounts by a solidification point of 5.35°C and having
scribed in this method. D 847; D-16
a total distillation range of no more than 1.0°C. Refer to
acid wash color—the color developed in the separated acid
Specification D 2359 for complete specifications.
when a sample is agitated with sulfuric acid under the
benzene-545, refined—benzene with impurities limited to
condition prescribed in this method. D 848; D 2279; D-16
trace amounts by a solidification point of 5.45°C and having
aldehydes—a broad class of organic compounds having a
a total distillation range of no more than 1°C. Refer to
generic formula RCHO, and characterized by a carbonyl
Specification D 4734.
group.
benzene-485, refined (nitration grade)—benzene with impu-
alkaline or basic reaction—a characteristic of the materials
rities limited by a solidification point of 4.85°C and having
producing the alkalicolor of the indicator used under the
a total distillation range of no more than 1.0°C. Refer to
conditions prescribed in this method. D 847; D-16
Specification D 835 for complete specifications.
alpha-methylstyrene—2-phenylpropene (C H ) mol weight
9 10 benzene, thiophene-free—benzene refined by special treat-
119.16; colorless liquid; subject to polymerization by heat or
ment and used as a reagent in ASTM standards.
catalysts; freezing point, −23.21°C; boiling point, 165.38°C.
bias—a persistent positive or negative deviation of a test
apparent density—the density calculated when the pycnom-
method average value from the assumed or accepted true
eter is calibrated with water, weighed in air, and when the
value. D 1129; D 2777; D-19
sample is weighed in air and no air buoyancy correction is
bromine index—the number of milligrams of bromine con-
used for either weighing, even though the density in vacuum
sumed by 100 g of sample under given conditions.
of water is used in calculating the apparent volume of the
D 1492; D-16
pycnometer.
carbon disulfide (CS )—mol weight 76.14; clear, colorless,
2
apparent density at 60°F—the weight in air of a unit volume
flammable, volatile liquid; boiling point, 45.6°C; freezing
of sample at 60°F; in this method, the weight is in pounds
point, 111.6°C.
and the volume in U.S. liquid gallons. Average air in this
clear—free of turbidity.
3
method is assumed to have a density of 0.0012 g/cm .
cloud point of phenol—the temperature at which a separate
phase forms when a homogeneous solution of phenol in
water is allowed to cool at a prescribed rate from a
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on
temperature above that at which phase separation occurs. It
Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D16.05 on Editorial and Nomenclature. may precisely be defined as follows: when a homogeneous
Current edition approved June 10, 1999. Published August 1999. Originally
solution of phenol and water is allowed to cool at a
published as D 4790 – 88. Last previous edition D 4790 – 96.
prescribed rate with stirring, the solution will show a slight
The boldface designations refer to the original source of the definition and the
cloudiness or turbidity as the cloud point is approached.
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